九年级上Unit 2 Great minds （上教版广州教材）

 课文再现
 
 
Unit 2 Great minds

P.19
Two geniuses
    Many people consider Albert Einstein(1879-1955) a genius. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.
 
   Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities. On these trips, his driver Hans often said to him, “It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.”
      One evening, on their way to a university,  Einstein said, “ I’m so tired. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don’t want to let my audience down.”
   “I know what to do,” said Hans. “ I can give the lecture for you. You can trust me. I’ve listened to your lecture so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart. No one knows you at this university, so they won’t find out.”
     So, they changed places/seats. At this university, Hans was guided to the front of the hall. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end.
   However, before Hans left, a man shouted, “I’d like to ask you a question.” He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about.(=so difficult a question)   

    Einstein turned pale. “Oh no!” he thought. “Now we’re in trouble. “But Hans just laughed and said, “That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it. Hans, please …”

    (=“That’s so easy a  question that even my driver can answer it.)

   Einstein stood up and answered the question perfectly.
    They left the university, with Einstein driving.  A little later, Hans offered to drive.  “No,” laughed Einstein, “It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Hans.”
 
   P.29     More practice
Einstein and the little girl
    One afternoon, Einstein was walking home from work. At the same time, a 12-year-old girl was walking home from school. They were soon walking side by side. The girl looked at him curiously from time to time.
  “Pardon me,” the girl said, “but you look just like Albert Einstein.”
“That’s because I am Albert Einstein!” Einstein said.
“I don’t believe you,” the girl said. “Everyone knows that Einstein is a genius,. But you’re wearing your sweater backwards, so you can’t be very clever.”
    Einstein began to laugh. “You’re the first person to be so honest with me, “he said to the girl. “it’s a pleasure to hear someone tell me the truth about my look.”
   After that day, the girl often went to visit Einstein’s house after school. One afternoon, the girl’s mother went to visit Einstein. She asked him why he spent so much time with her daughter.
   “Our friendship is easy to explain,” Einstein said. “Your daughter tells me the truth about my look and brings me cookies. In return, I help her with her Maths homework.”

 

一、重点词汇句型
fiction(n.)

   —fictional (adj. 虚构的, 小说的)

   —fictionist(n. 小说家, 创作家)
genius(n. 天才、才能)

   talent, gift 

 

gift(n. 天赋)

= talent(n. 才能

gifted   (adj. 有天赋的, 有才华的)

universe(n. 宇宙)—

   universal(adj. 普遍的,通用的,宇宙的)
work(v. 运行)--- n. 工作

a piece of work
   works  n. 工厂(视为单数) a gas works  文学艺术作品(视为复数 )
curiosity(n. )

--- curious(adj. 好奇的)

--- curiously ( adv.好奇地)
humour/ humor (n. 幽默)

—humorous (adj. 幽默的)

theory(n. 理论)

  --- theoretical (adj. 理论上的)----
    theoretically(adv.理论上)

--- theorist (n. 理论家)
 theory of relativity:  [物]相对论

distant(adj.)

   --- distance(n. 距离)
 

perfectly(adv.完美地)

--- perfect(adj. 完美的)---
perfection(n. 完美)-

-- perfectionist(n. 完美主义者)

applause(n. 鼓掌)--- applaud (v. 鼓掌、赞扬

 

wood n. 木头

woods 树林，森林

wooden adj. 木制的

13. receptionist n. 接待员

receive v. 收到

receiver n. 听筒

purpose n. 目的, 意图; vt. 打算, 决意
purposeful adj. 有目的的，有决心的

purposeless adj. 无目的

14.observatory n. 天文台

  ---observe v. 观察---
     observation n. 观察

    ---observer n. 观察者
15. research n. v. 研究；调查

researcher n. 研究人员

16. harmless adj. 无害的

---harmful adj. 有害的 ---
harmfully adv. 有害地

--- harm n. v. 伤害

17. regard n. 关心; 考虑, 问候; vt. 视为; 尊重; 注视,
regards n. 问候；致意

best regards

18. astronomy ---astronomer 天文学家  
     astronomical (adj.)天文学的,天体的

19. enter (v.) 进入

= come into  

entrance (n.) 入口

20. produce  (vt. & vi.)生产

--producer (n.) 生产者, 制造 
 product  ( n.) 产品

21. fortune  n. 庞大的财富, 财产
    n. 机会, 运气, 转机  = luck
  ( adj )

fortunate –fortunately (adv.)  

unfortunate ---unfortunately
 

luck—lucky—luckily  

unlucky—unluckily

22. outstand   v.〈古〉忍耐,停留,凸出,突出,
     卓然独立
   outstanding   adj.突出的; 杰出的

23 encourage

—encouragement
24.daydream

–daydreaming

 

  二、重点词汇句型分析总结

1.regard…as

= consider...as

=think of…as    把……视为/当作

= look upon sb as...
2. have a gift for

   = a talent for

   = a present for有……的天赋

3.attempt to do sth.

    =try to do sth.      尝试做某事

4.have a sense of humor

   =be humorous  有幽默感

  He is humorous

  He has a sense of humor.
5.work out

   = solve

   =deal with  解决，处理（问题）

6.work= operate =run     操作 运行

7.on one’s way to .  在去往…的路上

8.receive an invitation   收到邀请

    accept  an invitation   接受邀请
9. give a lecture

   =make a lecture

   =have a talk/speech 做演讲

10.let sb down

   = disappoint sb.

   = make sb. disappointed  让某人失望

11.What is the distance

    = How far is it  多远

12.perfectly=without any mistake   完美地

13.be pleased with sth

    =be satisfied with  让…满意
It’s a pleasure (for sb) to do sth  有幸/荣幸做某事

14.learn sth. by heart

   = know sth. by heart

    =remember

    =memorize熟记

15.lead sb to =take sb to  带某人去
   

      lead to sth.

     = cause sth.  导致，引起
16.find out=discover  找到发现

17.be in trouble in doing sth.

    = have difficulty in doing sth.  做某事有麻烦/困难

18.In fact=Actually

      =As a matter of fact

19.offer sth. to sb.

    =offer sb, sth.

    =supply sb. with sth.

   =supply sth. to sb.
  =provide sb. with sth.

  =provide sth. for sb. 提供某人某物

     offer to do sth.主动提出要求做...
20.so + adj. + that从句

    =too + adj. to do
    = such + n. + that从句
21.join in the applause

   =take part in the applause加入到鼓掌中
22.have no idea+宾从

   = don’t know+宾从  不知道
23.take/leave a message 带/留口信
24.in reply to sth.

   = to answer sth.  回复 回答
25.be in trouble / danger处于困难或危险中
26. in fact / as a matter of fact 实际上；事实上 
27.have ability to do sth.有能力做……
28. plan to do sth. 计划做……
29. go on a trip to …                  去…进行旅行
30. need ( want / require ) to be done/need doing  需要被做…….
31. all sorts of trouble  各种困难
32. work as任…职, 当…
33. call sb. back= return one’s call回某人电话
34. put sb. through to sb. 为...接通（电话）到..
35. at the beginning of  在……的开始时
36. make sure   确信
37. do a research on ...  做有关…….的研究  
38. at the entrance of.. 在……入口处
39. leave behind sth  身后留下……

 

 

II. Paraphrasing:
1. I don’t know how I can improve my English.
I don’t know how to improve my English.
2. We don’t want to make our teacher disappointed.
We don’t want to let our teacher down.
3. Jack made a perfect answer and the professor was very pleased.
Jack answered perfectly and the professor was very pleased.
4.I’m so tired that I can’t finish my homework today.
I’m too tired to finish my homework today.
5. Charlie Chaplin was a man with a sense of humor.
Charlie Chaplin was a man who was good at making people laugh.
6. Hans has learnt the lecture by heart.
 Hans has remembered the lecture.
7. Hans gave the lecture perfectly instead of Einstein.
Hans gave the lecture without any mistakes instead of Einstein.
8. The question is so easy that even my driver knows the answer.
The question is easy enough for my driver to know the answer.
9. Einstein received invitations from the professors in the universities to explain his theories.
The professors in the universities invited Einstein to explain his theories.
10. I regard him as my best friend and we share everything in life.
I consider him as my best friend and we share everything in life.
11. Einstein had the gift of curiosity.
Einstein had the talent of curiosity.
12. Einstein was pleased to drive a genius like Hans.
Einstein felt happy to drive a genius like Hans.
13. He offered me a glass of wine.
13. He gave me a glass of wine.

 

 

三、同义短语。
1.a sense of humor.

   = humorous   幽默
2.regard ….as…

  = think of…as…

  = look on …as….

  = consider ..as 把…当作
3.let sb down

   = make sb disappointed
4.decide to do

   = make decision to do

   = make up one’s mind to do 决定做某事
5.be surrounded by

   = form a circle round
6.learn …by heart

   = remember= memorize
7.offer sb sth

   = offer sth to sb
8.shortly

   = soon = in a short while
9. perfectly

   =without any mistake
10.have a talent for

   = have a genius for

   = have a natural ability for
11.attempt to do

   = try to do
12.lead to

    = cause
13.join in

   = take part in

 

 四、常考短语
let...down  使……失望                    

by heart  单凭记忆；能背诵
take a seat  坐下                          

without difficulty  轻而易举
join in  参加；加入                       

have no idea  丝毫不知道
be in trouble  处于困境                    

play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑

 

 

五、难点全解
1. Many people consider Albert Einstein a genius.  
  consider及物动词，意为“认为；觉得”。consider sb./ sth.(as) sth.意为“认为某人/某物是•••”。
 

英汉互译：
  他认为自己是一个了不起的人。  __________________________
  They were considered as heroes.   ______________________________
  另外，consider后还可接that从句。
  He considered that we could do the work well.  _________________________
 

拓展：

consider 意为“考虑”，相当于

think about,

其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句
或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。

但其后不能接跟动词不定式作宾语。
  例句：

You’d better consider my suggestion.  _________________________
We are consider going to Hainan next year.

____________________
He has never considered how to solve the problem. 
______________________________

 

2. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.
   ①sense 可数名词，意为“感觉；理解力；判断力”通常用单数。

sense of humour (幽默感)。
     根据汉语完成句子：

张老师非常幽默。Mr Zhang has a very good ___ ____ ___.

她没有方向感。She didn’t have a ____ ____ ___.
  

②humour 不可数名词，意为“幽默”
     I like such stories full of humour.    ________________________
     拓展：

humorous 形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”。
    

He had a wide mouth and humorous eyes.
    _____________________________

3. Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities.
   ①辨析：

receive 和accept

receive 指客观上“收到”，也可以表示“接待”和“遭受”
accept 用来表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论
 

 一言变异：

He received a gift but he didn’t accept it.
  

 ②invitation名词，意为“邀请；请柬”。用法：后常接to sth.或to do sth.

My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing.
______________________________
拓展：

   invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：
 invite sb. to......邀请某人去（某地/某一活动）
      我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。 
     _____________________________

 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
他们邀请我和他们一起去上海。
  _____________________________

4. It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you , Dr Einstein.
  pleasure 在此用作可数名词，意为“乐事；快事”。

 It’s a pleasure to do sth.表示“做某事是一件乐事”

  辨析：

pleasure, pleasant, pleased

pleasure 可数名词乐事；快事
 不可数名词 高兴；快乐；愉快，

take pleasure in (doing) sth.意为“从做某事中获得乐趣”

pleasant 形容词令人愉快的；宜人的。通常修饰物

pleased 形容词高兴地；愉快的。

be pleased with意为“对•••感到满意”；

be pleased to do sth,意为“乐于做某事”
 

     填词：
① It’s a __________ to hear from you.   
② Reading bring me great __________.
③ What a ___________ trip!      
④ The mother were very _________ with her two daughters.
 

 5. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don’t want to let my audience down.
   

 ① avoid 动词，意为“避免；避开”。

avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。另外，avoid还可以接名词或代词作宾语。但avoid后不能接动词不定式作宾语。
   We got up early to avoid missing the early bus.
   She tried to avoid all the problems.

② lecture 可数名词，意为“讲座；演讲”。

give a lecture 意为“讲课；演讲”；
attend a lecture意为“听讲座”

那位科学家给我们讲课了。  

The scientist _____ _____ ____to us.

 

你听了那个有关马克•吐温的讲座了吗？
Did you _____ ______ ______ ______ Mark Twain.

③ let sb. down意为“使/令某人失望”。
昨天她让我们大失所望. ____________________

6. look for& find& find out
look for “寻找；寻求”强调过程; 

find “找到；发现”，强调结果；

find out 表示经过调查、探听后发现.。
试题：

① What are you ______？     
② Finally, they _____ the lost child.
③ At last, we ___ who stole the watch.   
④ Have you ______ when the train will arrive?

 

7. I’ ve listened to your lecture so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.

①so adj\adv + that   “如此...以至于”（用来修饰形容词或副词）

注意：

      be +so adj+ that   “如此...以至于”（用来修饰形容词）

These maths problems are so difficult that I can't work them out.   

      do+so adv + that   “如此...以至于”（用来修饰副词）

They walked so slowly  that they were late for the meeting.   

 

②so many/few +复数可数名词+ that
     我犯了如此多的错误，以至于我没能通过这次考试。
I made so many mistakes that I didn't pass the exam.    

 

③so much/little + 不可数名词＋that

我有如此少的钱，以至于不能卖任何东西。
 I have so little that I can't buy anything.     
That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.
   ① such +a\an +adj +可数名词单数+that  “如此...以至于”（用来修饰名词）
      = so +adj+a\an +可数名词单数+that
   

他是如此聪明的一个男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。

He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.

He is such a  clever  boy that everyone likes him.

  

②such +adj +复数可数名词+that 
     这些数学题如此难以至于我做不出来。
These maths problems are so difficult that I can't work them out.   

They are such difficult maths problems that I can't work them out.    

 

③such +adj +不可数名词+that 
这个工作如此艰巨以至于很少有人能按时完成。
This  is such difficult work that few people can finish it on time.  

This job is so difficult that few people can finish it on time.   

 

8. Now we’re in trouble.
 

(be) in trouble 意为“处于困境；倒霉”。
  如果他不能按时完成工作，他就会倒霉了。   
  If they can't finish the work on time, they will be in trouble.

拓展联系

① have trouble with...在•••方面有麻烦/问题。
    Maybe you will have trouble with your English, but never give up.
    

② have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 作某事有困难

have much trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.

have no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.

 

I have some trouble in reading her letter.
   _____________________________
 

9. learn…by heart背诵，用心记
    例句：

I’ve listened to it so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart. (L21, P103) 我已经听了很多次了以致于我都背下了它。
试题：

I have read the poem so many times that I can _______ it _______ .
 

10. Doctors warn people to avoid too much sun this summer
   too much + 不可数名词
   too many + 可数名词复数
   much too +形容词

He is much too angry.

You have too much money.

11. Dr Yang one of the cleverest women in the world.
     one of the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词，表示“最...之一”
 

六、随堂练习  

一）根据句意、首字母或汉语提示写出单词，补全句子。
1. We should help those people in __________. ( 困境 )
2. He says he has a wonderful sense of h_______.
3. Peter won an a______ for his wonderful performance in the show.
4. I’ve listened to your l________ so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.
5. His face turned p_______ when he heard the news.
6. My brother is interested in the u______. He wants to be an astronomer when he grows up.
7. As a students, you should o_______ the school rules.
8. We ‘re going to have a party at Danny’s house ________ ( 今晚 )
9. You look _______（苍白的）. What’s the matter with you ?
10. Mr Wang didn’t accept our _____ ( 邀请 ) to the meeting.

 

二）用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s a pleasure ___ ( go ) for a walk with you.
2. He described his travel in South America in a ____ ( humour ) way.
3. The lady refused his ____ ( invite ) to the dinner party.
4. I ____ ( listen ) to this piece of music many times.
5. It’s hard to avoid ____ ( meet ) his as it is such a small village.
6. It’s my ___ ( please ) to help you with the luggage.
7. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without ____ ( difficult ).
8. The Guang-Shen highway _________ ( reduce ) the distance between Guangzhou
   and Shenzhen.
9. Heavy ______ ( applaud ) broke out as soon as she finished speaking.
10. There are many ________ ( theory ) about the origin of life.

 

三）释义题
1. You should cheer up and let your parents down.
  A. make your parents happy

  B. make your parents excited
  C. make your parents angry

  D. make your parents disappointed
2. People usually make fun of their friends on April Fool’s Day.
  A. play jokes on     B. have fun with      

  C. play with            D. tell some jokes to
3. We will take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
   A. join    B. join in   C. be in    D. do
4. I avoided him as much as possible.
   A. keep away fromB. put away from

   C. give away from D. through away from
5. I don’t quite catch what you said at the meeting.
   A. miss    B. hear C. have  D. understand
6, if you don’t obey the rules at school, you will be punished.
   A. improve        B, follow        C, break
7. Why didn’t tony come to the party last night?
    ---I have know idea.
  A, don’t know   

  B, don’t care  

  C, don’t think so
8. tony is an honest boy and I think you can trust him.
A, consider       B, displace     C, believe
9, who gave a lecture in the hall yesterday afternoon?
----Some top students in our school. They shared their study experience with us.
A, class           B, speech      C, show
10,you shouldn’t play a joke on jack because he is a serious boy.
A, pay attention to   

B, make fun of  

C, depend on
11, you looked serious. what happened to you?
----Please take a seat. I have something to tell you
A, stand up B, enjoy yourself   C, sit down
12. Finally, Linda won first prize in the competition without difficulty.
A, easily       B, slowly     C, carefully
13, How many students will join in the game in your class?
---More than twenty
A, watch     B, think about   C, take part in
14,sam’s friend consider him an excellent tennis player in the club.
A, introduce him to    B, compare him with   C, think of him as
15,what are going to do tonight?
A, later    B, tomorrow   C, this evening

 

四）单项选择题（知识点）
1. If you don’t study hard, you’ll         your parents           .
   A.let;down          B.write;down           

   C.look;up             D.cheer;up
   2. --We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.
  --Really ? Will you please show me ____ it ?
   A. what to use         B. how to use  

   C. how can I use     D. what I use
   3. There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn’t ____ falling over it in the darkness.

   A. help   B. resist   C. avoid   D. prevent
4. You study        hard        you‘re sure to pass the exam.
   A. enough ; to       B.as ; as                 

   C.so;that                D.such;that
5. Beijing has________ many cars that there is often traffic jam in rash hours.
   A. so      B. very     C. too     D. such
6. Steven,could you help me ____when the plane will take off on the Internet?
   A.get on               B. find out  

   C. look for           D. look after
7. --Would you like        camping with me？
--I’d like to .But I'm busy     my homework.
  A. to go ; to do        B. to go ; doing      

  C. going ; to do       D.going ; doing
8. The little boy         his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.
   A.lent  B.offered  C. took  D. Brought
9. Some students spend _______ time on the Internet. They forget to study, eat and sleep.They can’t even communicate with people in real life.
   A. too many         B. many too      

   C. too much         D. much too
10. What did Lily tell you just now ?    She asked me _______  others her secret.
   A. to tell not      B. not to tell 

  C. don’t tell         D. not tell
11. He lost his key.It made him _______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
   A. to stay   B. stayed   C.stays     D. stay

五）英汉互译；
1. 幽默感 ___________________    

2. 在某人去...的路上 _______________
3. 做演讲 ___________________    

4. 使...失望 ____________________
5. 听某人做某事 _____________     

6.如此...以至于 _________________
7. 单凭记忆，能背诵__________      

8. 弄清，查明 ______________
9. 坐下_____________________    

10.轻而易举 ____________________
 11. 参加 _____________________   

12.最后_____________________
 13. 不知道 _____________________ 

14.处于困境中_____________________
 15. 远离..._____________________   

16. 避免做某事 ____________________
 17. 变得___________________       

18. 想要做某事 ____________________
19. 警告某人做某事_________________ 

20. 主动提出做某事 ________________
21. 使某人做某事 _______________    

22. 让某人做某事_______________

 

六）翻译

1，他学习英语毫不费力（have no difficulty in\without difficulty）
                                                                        
2， 尽量避免喝酒喝抽烟(avoid doing\try to do)
                                                                        
3， 谢谢你的盛情邀请(thank sb.for)
                                                                         
4， 帮助你是一件快乐的事(it’s a pleasure )
                                                                          
5， 这个问题如此困难以至于几乎无人能够回答(so …that …\such..that…)

 

七、 

 

2014新版深圳牛津版九年级英语上

 

Unit 2Great minds 知识点讲解

 

Unit 2  Great minds课文

Word changes:

fiction(n.)

—fictional (adj. 虚构的, 小说的)

—fictionist(n. 小说家, 创作家)

 

genius(n. 天才、才能)  talent, gift   idiot白痴

gift(n. 天赋)= talent(n. 才能)---  n. 礼物) = present

 

gifted(adj. 有天赋的, 有才华的)

 

universe(n. 宇宙)

—universal(adj. 普遍的,通用的,宇宙的)

 

work(v. 运行)--- n. 工作

a piece of work

works  n. 工厂(视为单数)

works  文学艺术作品(视为复数 )

 

curiosity(n. )

--- curious(adj. 好奇的)

--- curiously ( adv.好奇地)

 

humour/ humor (n. 幽默)

—humorous (adj. 幽默的)

 

theory(n. 理论)

--- theoretical (adj. 理论上的)----

theoretically(adv.理论上)

--- theorist (n. 理论家)

theory of relativity:  [物]相对论

 

distant(adj.)--- distance(n. 距离)

perfectly(adv.完美地)

--- perfect(adj. 完美的)

perfection(n. 完美)

--- perfectionist(n. 完美主义者)

 

applause(n. 鼓掌)

--- applaud (v. 鼓掌、赞扬)

--- applausive(adj. 拍手欢呼的 )

 

wood n. 木头 woods 树林，森林  wooden adj. 木制的

 

13. receptionist n. 接待员

receive v. 收到

receipt n. 收据

receiver n. 听筒

 

purpose n. 目的, 意图; vt. 打算, 决意

purposeful adj. 有目的的，有决心的 purposeless adj. 无目的

 

14.observatory n. 天文台

---observe v. 观察---

observation n. 观察

---observer n. 观察者

15. research n. v. 研究；调查

researcher n. 研究人员

 

16. harmless adj. 无害的

---harmful adj. 有害的

---harmfully adv. 有害地

--- harm n. v. 伤害

 

17. regard n. 关心; 考虑, 问候; vt. 视为; 尊重; 注视,

regards n. 问候；致意 best regards

 

18. astronomy

---astronomer 天文学家  

astronomical (adj.)天文学的,天体的

 

19. enter (v.) 进入 = come into    entrance (n.) 入口

20. produce  (vt. & vi.)生产

--producer (n.) 生产者, 制造 

 product  ( n.) 产品

 

21. fortune  n. 庞大的财富, 财产

    n. 机会, 运气, 转机  = luck

 fortunate  ( adj ) –fortunately (adv.)  

unfortunate ( adj )---unfortunately ( adv )

luck—lucky—luckily  

unlucky—unluckily

 

22. outstand   v.〈古〉忍耐,停留,凸出,突出,

     卓然独立

   outstanding   adj.突出的; 杰出的

23 encourage

—encouragement

 

24.daydream –daydreaming

 

phrases

1.regard…as

= consider...as

=think of…as    把……视为/当作

2.a gift for

= a talent for 有……的天赋

= a present for

 

3.attempt to do sth.

=try to do sth.      尝试做某事

4.have a sense of humor

=be humorous  有幽默感

 

5.work out = solve=deal with  解决，处理（问题）

6.work= operate =run     操作 运行

 

7.on one’s way to .  在去往…的路上

8.receive an invitation   收到邀请

9. give a lecture

=make a lecture

=have a talk/speech 做演讲

 

10.let sb down

= disappoint sb.

= make sb. disappointed  让某人失望

 

11.What is the distance

= How far is it  多远

12.perfectly=without any mistake   完美地

 

13.be pleased with sth =be satisfied with  让…满意

It’s a pleasure (for sb) to do sth  有幸/荣幸做某事

14.learn sth. by heart

= know sth. by heart

=remember

=memorize熟记

 

15.lead sb to =take sb to  带某人去

lead to sth.= cause sth.  导致，引起

16.find out=discover  找到发现

17.be in trouble in doing sth.

= have difficulty in doing sth.  做某事有麻烦/困难

 

18.In fact=Actually =As a matter of fact

19.offer sth. for sb. =offer sb, sth.

=supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb.

  =provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for

sb. 提供某人某物

 

20.so + adj. + that从句=too + adj. to do

   = such + n. + that从句

 

21.join in the applause=take part in the applause加入到鼓掌中

 

22.have no idea+宾从

= don’t know+宾从  不知道

23.take/leave a message 带/留口信

 

24.in reply to sth.= to answer sth.  回复 回答

25.be in trouble / danger 处于困难或危险中

26. in fact / as a matter of fact 实际上；事实上      

27.have ability to do sth.  有能力做……

28. plan to do sth.   计划做……

29. go on a trip to … 去…进行旅行

30. need ( want / require ) to be done/need doing  需要被做…….

31. all sorts of trouble 各种困难

32. work as  任…职, 当…

33. call sb. back= return one’s call 回某人电话

34. put sb. through to sb. 为...接通（电话）到..

35. at the beginning of  在……的开始时

36. make sure 确信

37. do a research on ... 做有关…….的研究              

38. at the entrance of.. 在……入口处

39. leave behind sth  身后留下……

25.

 

II. Paraphrasing:

1. I don’t know how I can improve my English.

I don’t know how to improve my English.

2. We don’t want to make our teacher disappointed.

We don’t want to let our teacher down.

3. Jack made a perfect answer and the professor was very pleased.

Jack answered perfectly and the professor was very pleased.

4.I’m so tired that I can’t finish my homework today.

I’m too tired to finish my homework today.

5. Charlie Chaplin was a man with a sense of humor.

Charlie Chaplin was a man who was good at making people laugh.

6. Hans has learnt the lecture by heart.

 Hans has remembered the lecture.

7. Hans gave the lecture perfectly instead of Einstein.

Hans gave the lecture without any mistakes instead of Einstein.

8. The question is so easy that even my driver knows the answer.

The question is easy enough for my driver to know the answer.

9. Einstein received invitations from the professors in the universities to explain his theories.

The professors in the universities invited Einstein to explain his theories.

10. I regard him as my best friend and we share everything in life.

I consider him as my best friend and we share everything in life.

11. Einstein had the gift of curiosity.

Einstein had the talent of curiosity.

12. Einstein was pleased to drive a genius like Hans.

Einstein felt happy to drive a genius like Hans.

13. He offered me a glass of wine.

13. He gave me a glass of wine.

 

II．同义短语。

1.a sense of humor. = humorous 幽默

2.regard ….as…= think of…as… = look on …as…. = consider ..as 把…当作

3.let sb down = make sb disappointed

4.decide to do = make decision to do = make up one’s mind to do 决定做某事

5.be surrounded by = form a circle round

6.learn …by heart = remember= memorize

7.offer sb sth = offer sth to sb

8.shortly = soon = in a short while

9. perfectly.=without any mistake

10.have a talent for = have a genius for = have a natural ability for

11.attempt to do = try to do

12.lead to = cause

13.join in = take part in

 

难点全解

1. Many people consider Albert Einstein a genius.  

  consider及物动词，意为“认为；觉得”。

consider sb./ sth.(as) sth.意为“认为某人/某物是···”。

  英汉互译：

  他认为自己是一个了不起的人。  ______________________________

  They were considered as heroes.   ______________________________

 

另外，consider后还可接that从句。

  He considered that we could do the work well.  _________________________

  拓展：

consider 意为“考虑”，相当于think about, 其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句

 

或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。但其后不能接跟动词不定式作宾语。

  例句：

You’d better consider my suggestion.  _____________________________

 

We are consider going to Hainan next year.

_______________________

 

He has never considered how to solve the problem. 

 ______________________________

 

2. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.

   ①sense 可数名词，意为“感觉；理解力；判断力”通常用单数。

sense of humour (幽默感)。

     根据汉语完成句子：

     张老师非常幽默。

Mr Zhang has a very good ______ ______ _______.

     她没有方向感。

She didn’t have a ________ ________ ________.

  

②humour 不可数名词，意为“幽默”

     I like such stories full of humour.    _____________________________

     拓展：

humorous 形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”。

   He had a wide mouth and humorous eyes.

 

3. Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities.

 

①辨析：receive 和accept

 

receive
 指客观上“收到”，也可以表示“接待”和“遭受”
 
accept
 用来表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论
 一言变异：

He received a gift but he didn’t accept it.

   ②invitation名词，意为“邀请；请柬”。用法：后常接to sth.或to do sth.

My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing.

____________________________________

拓展：

invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：

      invite sb. to......邀请某人去（某地/某一活动）

      我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。 

     _______________________________________________

      invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事

      他们邀请我和他们一起去上海。

      _______________________________________

4. It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you , Dr Einstein.

  pleasure 在此用作可数名词，意为“乐事；快事”。

It’s a pleasure to do sth.表示“做某事是一

           件乐事”

  辨析：

pleasure, pleasant, pleased

pleasure
 可数名词
 乐事；快事
 
不可数名词
 高兴；快乐；愉快，take pleasure in (doing) sth.意为“从做某事中获得乐趣”
 
pleasant
 形容词
 令人愉快的；宜人的。通常修饰物
 
pleased
 形容词
 高兴地；愉快的。be pleased with意为“对···感到满意”；be pleased to do sth,意为“乐于做某事”
      填词：

      ① It’s a _____ to hear from you.   

      ② Reading bring me great ____.

      ③ What a ___________ trip!      

      ④ The mother were very _________ with her two daughters.

 

  5. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don’t want to let my

audience down.

  

① avoid 动词，意为“避免；避开”。

avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。另外，avoid还可以接名词或代词作宾语。但avoid后不能接动词不定式作宾语。

 

We got up early to avoid missing the early bus.

 

She tried to avoid all the problems.

 

② lecture 可数名词，意为“讲座；演讲”。give a lecture 意为“讲课；演讲”；

   attend a lecture意为“听讲座”

     

那位科学家给我们讲课了。 

 The scientist ____ _____ ____to us.

     

你听了那个有关马克·吐温的讲座了吗？

     

Did you _____ _____ _____ ______ Mark Twain.

  

③ let sb. down意为“使/令某人失望”。

      昨天她让我们大失所望。    __________________________

 

6-1.

look for   &  find   &   find out  &  found

 

look for “寻找；寻求”强调过程;

find （found,found)“找到；发现”，强调结果；

find out 表示经过调查、探听后发现,弄清楚、明白;

found 成立（ founded, founded）

 

立竿见影，即学即练：

① What are you ___？     

② Finally, they ___ the lost child.

③ At last, we __ who stole the watch.   

④ Have you __ when the train will arrive?

⑤ The People's Republic of China ____ on October 1, 1949.  

 

     1. looking for   2. found

     3. found out     4. found out

     5.was founded

 

 

 6-2

I know what to do...

  what to do为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作动词know的宾语。“疑问词

  +动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

  When to start is a problem. 何时动身是个难题。

  The peasants taught us how to plant rice. 农民教我们怎样种稻子。

 

7. I’ ve listened to your lecture so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.

    1. so（用来修饰形容词或副词）...that 句型分析：

  ① so adj (so前是be的各形式）+ that   “如此...以至于”。

  ② so adv (so前是行为动词）+  that   “如此...以至于”。

  ③so many/few +复数可数名词+ that

  ④-1so much/little +不可数名词+ that

  ④-2 so + adj +a/an +单数可数名词 +that

  ④-3 such + a/an +adj +单数可数名词 +that

模仿句型造句：

 ①so adj (so前是be的各形式）+ that   “如此...以至于”。

I was so careless that  I didn't pass the exam.我如此粗心以至于考试没通过。
→句型转换I was too careless to  pass the exam. 
 

The boy is so weak that he can't carry the heavy box.
→句型转换The boy is not strong enough to  carry the heavy box.
②so adv (so前是行为动词）+  that   “如此...以至于”。

I wrote so carelessly that   I didn't pass the exam.我写得如此粗心以至于考试没通过。
→句型转换I wrote too carelessly to pass the exam.
They ran so slowly that they didn't catch the early bus.
③so many/few +复数可数名词+ that

I made so many mistakes that I didn't pass the exam. 我犯了如此多的错误，以至于我没能通过这次考试。
There were so many people in the street on National Day that we got lost.
 

④ so much/little + 不可数名词＋that

     我有如此少的钱，以至于不能买任何东西。

   I have so little money that I can't buy anything.
   He made so much progress that the teacher praised him in class.
 

   That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.

  

         2. such ....that句型分析

         此句型可以分为四中情况

 

  ① such +a\an +adj +可数名词单数+that  “如此...以至于”

    ①He is such a clever  boy that everyone likes him.
  ②= so +adj+a\an +可数名词单数+that

 

     他是如此聪明的一个男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。    

    ②He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.
  

   ③such +adj +复数可数名词+that  

     这些数学题如此难以至于我做不出来。

    ③These are such difficult maths problems that I can't solve them.=work them out.
That's such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.

  such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，与so...that...不同的是，such是形容词，

  用来修饰名词。常见结构有：

  (1)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...=so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that...

He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.

   =He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.

  (2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that...

These are such difficult maths problems that I can't work them out.

  (3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that...

This is such hard work that few people can finish it on time.

 

 

 

句型转换

 →These maths problems are too difficult  for me to solve them.=work them out.

 

   ④ such +adj +不可数名词+that  

     这个工作如此艰巨以至于很少有人能按时完成。

      ④This is such difficult work that nobody can finish it on time.
 

8. Now we’re in trouble.

  (be) in trouble 意为“处于困境；倒霉”。

  如果他不能按时完成工作，他就会倒霉了。   

  _______________________

  ① have trouble with...在···方面有麻烦/问题。

    Maybe you will have trouble with your English, but never give up.

    __________________________

 ② have trouble (in) doing sth. 作某事有困难

   I have some trouble in reading her letter.

   _____________________________

 9. learn…by heart背诵，用心记

    例句：I’ve listened to it so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart. (L21, P103) 

    我已经听了很多次了以致于我都背下了它。

试题： I have read the poem so many times that I can _______ it _______ .

 10. Doctors warn people to avoid too much sun this summer

   too much +不可数名词

   too many+不可数名词复数

   much too +形容词

 11. Dr yang one of the cleverest women in the world.

     one of the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词，表示“最...之一”

 

12.四花费：spend&pay&take&cost

spend
 主语通常是人
 ①sb. spend...on sth.

②sb. spend...(in) doing sth
 指花费时间或金钱
 
pay
 主语通常是人
 sb. pays for sth.
 指人为某物支付金钱
 
take
 主语通常是it
 It takes sb.some time to do sth.
 指花费时间
 
cost
 主语通常是物
 sth. costs (sb.) some money
 指花费金钱
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

My elder brother spends a lot of money on books every year.

   Do you usually spend all your free time (in) studying?

   How much did you pay for the food?

   It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day.

   The skirt cost me 30 yuan.

13. I'll give you some advice.

   advice为不可数名词，意为“建议；意见”。常用表达：

   a/one piece of advice 一条建议；some advice 一些建议

   【拓展】①advice的常用搭配：

give sb. some advice/give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议

ask for advice 征求意见       follow/take one's advice 接受某人的建议

②advise动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用

  于advise sb. (not) to do sth.结构，意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。

  She advised us to wait one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。

 

14. Why don't you...?=Why not do...?通常用于征求意见、提建议，而不是表示疑问，

   意为“你（们）为什么不做……”

   Why don't you ask the policeman? =Why not ask the policeman?

   【拓展】英语中表示建议的常用句型还有：

   ①What/How about...? ……怎么样？

     What/How about going fishing?

   ②Would you like...? 你想要……吗？

     Would you like something to drink?

   ③Let's...! 让我们……吧！

     Let's play a game!

   ④You'd better... 你最好……

     You'd better stay at home on such a hot day.

 

随堂练习  

一．根据句意、首字母或汉语提示写出单词，补全句子。

1.  We should help those people in __________. ( 困境 )

2.  He says he has a wonderful sense of h_______.

3.  Peter won an a______ for his wonderful performance in the show.

4.  I’ve listened to your l________ so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.

5.  His face turned p_______ when he heard the news.

6.  My brother is interested in the u________. He wants to be an astronomer when he  grows up.

7.  As a students, you should o_______ the school rules.

8.  We ‘re going to have a party at Danny’s house ________ ( 今晚 )

9.  You look _______（苍白的）. What’s the matter with you ?

10.  Mr Wang didn’t accept our __________ ( 邀请 ) to the meeting.

 

二．用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.  It’s a pleasure _______ ( go ) for a walk with you.

2.  He described his travel in South America in a ________ ( humour ) way.

3.  The lady refused his ________ ( invite ) to the dinner party.

4.  I ________ ( listen ) to this piece of music many times.

5.  It’s hard to avoid __________ ( meet ) his as it is such a small village.

6.  It’s my __________ ( please ) to help you with the luggage.

7.  Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without ____ ( difficult ).

8. The Guang-Shen highway __ ( reduce ) the distance between Guangzhou

and Shenzhen.

9. Heavy ______ ( applaud ) broke out as soon as she finished speaking.

10. There are many ________ ( theory ) about the origin of life.

 

三、释义题

1. You should cheer up and let your parents down.

  A. make your parents happy

  B. make your parents excited

  C. make your parents angry 

  D. make your parents disappointed

2. People usually make fun of their friends on April Fool’s Day.

  A. play jokes on     B. have fun with     

  C. play with             D. tell some jokes to

3. We will take part in social practice during the summer vacation.

   A. join  B. join in  C. be in  D. do

4. I avoided him as much as possible.

   A. keep away from

   B. put away from          

  C. give away from  

  D. through away from

5. I don’t quite catch what you said at the meeting.

   A. miss           B. hear                   

   C. have           D. understand

6. If you don’t obey the rules at school, you will be punished.

   A. improve    B. follow  C. break

7.  Why didn’t Tony come to the party last night?

   ---I have know idea.

A.don’t knowB.don’t care C.don’t think so

8.Tony is an honest boy and I think you can trust him.

A. consider       B. displace     C. believe

9. Who gave a lecture in the hall yesterday afternoon?

----Some top students in our school. They shared their study experience with us.

A.class           B. speech      C. show

10.You shouldn’t play a joke on jack because he is a serious boy.

A. pay attention to  

B. make fun of 

C. depend on

11. You looked serious. Wwhat happened to you?

----Please take a seat. I have something to tell you

A. stand up  B. enjoy yourself   C. sit down

12. Finally, Linda won first prize in the competition without difficulty.

A. easily       B.slowly     C.carefully

13. How many students will join in the game in your class?

---More than twenty

A. watch     B. think about   C. take part in

14.Sam’s friend consider him an excellent tennis player in the club.

A. introduce him to  

B. compare him with 

C. think of him as

15.What are going to do tonight?

A. later    B. tomorrow   C. this evening

 

四、单项选择题（知识点）

1. If you don’t study hard, you’ll         your parents           .

   A.let;down          B.write;down

  C.look;up             D.cheer;up

   2. --We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.

 --Really ? Will you please show me __ it ?

   A. what to use         B. how to use

   C. how can I use     D. what I use

   3. There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn’t ___ falling over it in the  darkness.

   A. help    B. resist   C. avoid   D. prevent

4. You study        hard        you‘re sure to pass the exam.

   A. enough ; to       B.as ; as 

   C.so;that                D.such;that

5. Beijing has________ many cars that there is often traffic jam in rash hours.

   A. so    B. very    C. too    D. such

6. Steven,could you help me ______when the plane will take off on the Internet?

   A.get on             B. find out 

   C. look for         D. look after

7. --Would you like       camping with me？

--I’d like to .But I‘m busy    my homework.

  A. to go ; to do       B. to go ; doing

  C. going ; to do       D.going ; doing

8. The little boy         his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.

   A.lent B.offered  C. took  D. Brought

9. Some students spend _______ time on the Internet. They forget to study, eat and  sleep.They can’t even communicate with people in real life.

   A. too many                 B. many too 

   C. too much                 D. much too

10. What did Lily tell you just now ?    She asked me _______  others her secret.

   A. to tell not                   B. not to tell

   C. don’t tell                    D. not tell

11. He lost his key.It made him _______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.

  A. to stay   B.stayed   C.stays   D. stay

 

 

五，英汉互译；

1. 幽默感 ___________________   

2. 在某人去...的路上 ____________________

3. 做演讲 ________________   

4. 使...失望 _______________

5. 听某人做某事 ____________    

6.如此...以至于 ____________

7. 单凭记忆，能背诵__________     

8. 弄清，查明 ______________

9. 坐下___________________   

10.轻而易举 _______________

 11. 参加 _________________  

12.最后___________________

 13. 不知道 ________________

14.处于困境中______________

 15. 远离...________________  

16. 避免做某事 ______________

 17. 变得___________________      

18. 想要做某事 ______________

19. 警告某人做某事____________

  20. 主动提出做某事 __________

21. 使某人做某事 ____________   

22. 让某人做某事_____________

 

六，翻译

 

1，他学习英语毫不费力（have no difficulty in\without difficulty）

                                                                        

2，尽量避免喝酒喝抽烟(avoid doing\try to do)

                                                             

3，谢谢你的盛情邀请(thank sb.for)

                                                                         

4，帮助你是一件快乐的事(it’s a pleasure )

                                                                           

5，这个问题如此困难以至于几乎无人能够回答(so …that …\such..that…)

                                                                            

七．完型填空。

   The sea looks very beautiful when the sun ___1___ on it. It can be very terrible when there is a ___2___ wind.

   The sea is very ___3___. It covers three quarters(3/4) of the earth. The sea is also very ___4___ in some places. There is one place, the sea is about 11 kilometers deep there. ___5___ mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain was ___6___ the sea at that place, there would be still 2 kilometers of water ___7___ it!

   In most parts of the sea, there are ___8___ fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also a lot of small living things. Lots of fishes live by ___9___ them.

    The sea can be very ___10___. When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder. Only some men can go down into the deep sea. But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.

(   )1. A. was shining     B. is shining

           C. shone                D. shines

(   )2. A. heavy                B. strong        

           C. weak                 D. gentle

(   )3. A. big                      B. small 

           C. not big               D. the biggest

(   )4. A. deeply                B. deeper

           C. deepest              D. deep

(   )5. A. Highest              B. The High

           C. The highest      D. The high

(   )6. A. putting into      B. take out

           C. put into              D. taking out

(   )7. A. in     B. above    C. on     D. over

(   )8. A. plenty of           B. a little

           C. a few                   D. a lot

(   )9. A. eating                 B. taking

           C. putting               D. killing

(   )10. A. hot B. warm C. cool  D. cold

 

八.阅读理解。

     Dr. Irene Pepperberg, a scientist at the University of Arizona, has worked with Alex for nine—ten years. Teaching Alex to speak and understand wasn’t easy at first. He had to learn one word at the time. Irene and an assistant (助手) would teach Alex by showing him what a word meant. Irene would hold up an object. Saying “What’s this?” Her assistant would give the word --"candy”, for example--while Alex watched. Irene would praise  her assistant , then ask Alex the name of the object. When he got it right, Irene would praise him and give him the object to play with as a reward. It took Alex many weeks to learn his first word. After that, each new word became easier and easier for him.
       Why did Irene spend so much time getting a parrot to talk? Scientists like Irene are interested in discovering how intelligent  animals are and how their brains  work. But studying animal intelligence has always been difficult, partly because animals haven’t been able to communicate  clearly with humans. Teaching Alex to speak words that he understands has let Irene talk to him directly. She can ask him questions, and he can answer them in English. In this way, Irene is finding out that kinds of things Alex’s brain can do. She has found that parrots are much smarter than scientists used to think.

(  )1．According to the passage, how is Alex remarkable (不寻常的) ?
  A．He can use the English language to answer questions.
  B．He uses words in English instead of bird calls to call other birds.
 C．He can copy the pronunciations of more than 100 English words.
 D．Alex has a brain that is much bigger than those of other parrots.

(  )2．How did Dr. Pepperberg teach Alex to speak with understanding?
  A．She said the same word all day long so that Alex could repeat it.
  B．She taught Alex a special sign language.
  C．She gave Alex rewards if he would say what she said.
  D．She gave Alex a candy every time he answered correctly.

(  )3．Why did Dr. Pepperberg teach Alex to speak with understanding?
  A．She wanted to prove it could be done.
  B．She wanted to provide a model for people who want talking birds.
  C．She wanted to find out how many words parrots could remember.
  D．She wanted to find out what kinds of things his brain could do.
(  )4．According to the passage, Alex has proved that                  .
   A．birds are not the only animals that can learn a language
   B．parrots are much cleverer than scientists used to think
   C． birds are just as intelligent as humans
   D．teaching parrots to speak a human language isn’t very difficult

 

   

 

 

 Chapter 2   Great minds （一）
           
 
Reading
Two geniuses
    Many people consider （     ）Albert Einstein a genius. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour（     ）.
    Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities. On these trips, his driver Hans often said to him, “ It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.”
   One evening, on their way to（     ）a university, Einstein said, “I ‘m so tired. I wish I could avoid giving （     ）my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don’t want to let my audience down（     ）.”
    “ I know what to do,”said Hans. “ I can give the lectured for you. You can trust me. I’ve listened to your lecture so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart（     ）. No one knows you at this university, so they won’t find out（     ）.”
     So, they changed places. At the university, Hans was guided to the front of the hall.Einstein took a seat（     ）, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty（       ）, and joined in（     ） the applause at the end（     ）.
     However, before Hans left, a man shouted, “ I’d like to ask you a question.” He then asked a question so difficult that （     ）Hans had no idea （     ）what he was talking about. Einstein turned pale（     ）.“ Oh no!” he thought. “ Now we are in trouble（     ）. “But Hans just laughed and said, “ That’s such an easy question that（     ） even my driver can answer it. Hans ,please.....
     Einstein stood up and answered the question perfectly. They left the university, with Einstein driving. A little later（     ）, Hans offered to drive（     ）. “No, ”laughed Einstein. “It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Hans”

 

Phrases ：
1. listen to sb. do sth.  听某人做某事      
2. would like to do    想要做某事
3. warn sb. to do.   警告某人做某事        
4. offer to do sth. 提出做某事（offer sb sth=offer sth to sb）
   5.  believe in      相信                   
   6. take part in=take part in  参加
  7. make sb. do sth.    使某人做某事      
  8. ask sb.to do sth.      让某人做某事

 

难点全解
1. Many people consider Albert Einstein a genius. 

  consider及物动词，意为“认为；觉得”。consider sb./ sth.(as) sth.意为“认为某人/某物是•••”。
  英汉互译：
  他认为自己是一个了不起的人。  ________________________
  They were considered as heroes.   ______________________________
  另外，consider后还可接that从句。
  He considered that we could do the work well.  _________________________
  拓展：

consider 意为“考虑”，相当于think about, 其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句
       或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。但其后不能接跟动词不定式作宾语。
  例句：

You’d better consider my suggestion.  _____________________________
        We are consider going to Hainan next year. ._______________________
        He has never considered how to solve the problem. 
        __________________________________
2. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.
   ①sense 可数名词，意为“感觉；理解力；判断力”通常用单数。sense of humour (幽默感)。
     根据汉语完成句子：
     张老师非常幽默。    Mr Zhang has a very good _______ ________ _______.
     她没有方向感。      She didn’t have a ________ ________ ________.
   ②humour 不可数名词，意为“幽默”
     I like such stories full of humour.    _____________________________
     拓展：humorous 形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”。
     He had a wide mouth and humorous eyes.
     ____________________________________
3. Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities.
   ①辨析：receive 和accept
receive 指客观上“收到”，也可以表示“接待”和“遭受”
accept 用来表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论
 
      
 
    一言变异：

He received a gift but he didn’t accept it.
   ②invitation名词，意为“邀请；请柬”。用法：后常接to sth.或to do sth.
My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing.
____________________________________
拓展：

invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：
      invite sb. to......邀请某人去（某地/某一活动）
      我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。 
     _______________________________________________
      invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
      他们邀请我和他们一起去上海。
      ________________________________________________
4. It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you , Dr Einstein.
  pleasure 在此用作可数名词，意为“乐事；快事”。It’s a pleasure to do sth.表示“做某事是一
           件乐事”
  辨析：pleasure, pleasant, pleased
pleasure 可数名词 乐事；快事
 不可数名词 高兴；快乐；愉快，take pleasure in (doing) sth.意为“从做某事中获得乐趣”
pleasant 形容词 令人愉快的；宜人的。通常修饰物
pleased 形容词 高兴地；愉快的。be pleased with意为“对•••感到满意”；be pleased to do sth,意为“乐于做某事”

     填词：
      ① It’s a __________ to hear from you.   
      ② Reading bring me great __________.
      ③ What a ___________ trip!      
      ④ The mother were very _________ with her two daughters.
  5. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don’t want to let my
     audience down.
  

 ① avoid 动词，意为“避免；避开”。avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。另外，avoid还可
       以接名词或代词作宾语。但avoid后不能接动词不定式作宾语。
   We got up early to avoid missing the early bus.
   She tried to avoid all the problems.
② lecture 可数名词，意为“讲座；演讲”。give a lecture 意为“讲课；演讲”；
   attend a lecture意为“听讲座”
       那位科学家给我们讲课了。   The scientist _______ ________ ________to us.
       你听了那个有关马克•吐温的讲座了吗？
       Did you ________ _______ ________ ______ Mark Twain.
    ③ let sb. down意为“使/令某人失望”。
      昨天她让我们大失所望。    __________________________
 

6. look for& find& find out
look for “寻找；寻求”强调过程;  find “找到；发现”，强调结果；find out 表示经过调查、
探听后发现.。
试题：

① What are you ________？     
② Finally, they _______ the lost child.
③ At last, we ________ who stole the watch.   
④ Have you ________ when the train will arrive?

7. I’ ve listened to your lecture so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.
   ①so adj\adv + that   “如此...以至于”（用来修饰形容词或副词）
   ②so many/few +复数可数名词+ that
     我犯了如此多的错误，以至于我没能通过这次考试。
I made do many mistakes   that I didn't pass the exam.     

   ③so much/little + 不可数名词＋that
     我有如此少的钱，以至于不能卖任何东西。
       I have so little money that I  can't buy anything.    

That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.
   ① such +a\an +adj +可数名词单数+that  “如此...以至于”（用来修饰名词）
  = so +adj+a\an +可数名词单数+that
    他是如此聪明的一个男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。
 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.  
   ②such +adj +复数可数名词+that 
     这些数学题如此难以至于我做不出来。
     This maths problem is so difficult that I can't work it out.    

   ③such +adj +不可数名词+that 
     这个工作如此艰巨以至于很少有人能按时完成。
The job is so difficult that few people can finish it on time.

 

 

8. Now we’re in trouble.
  (be) in trouble 意为“处于困境；倒霉”。
  如果他不能按时完成工作，他就会倒霉了。   

 

  ① have trouble with...在•••方面有麻烦/问题。
    Maybe you will have trouble with your English, but never give up.
    _____________________________________________________
 ② have trouble (in) doing sth. 作某事有困难
   I have some trouble in reading her letter.
   ____________________________________________________
 9. learn…by heart背诵，用心记
    例句：I’ve listened to it so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart. (L21, P103) 
    我已经听了很多次了以致于我都背下了它。
试题： I have read the poem so many times that I can _______ it _______ .
 10. Doctors warn people to avoid too much sun this summer
   too much +不可数名词
   too many+不可数名词复数
   much too +形容词
 11. Dr yang one of the cleverest women in the world.
     one of the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词，表示“最...之一”
       
一．根据句意、首字母或汉语提示写出单词，补全句子。
1. We should help those people in __________. ( 困境 )
2. He says he has a wonderful sense of h_______.
3. Peter won an a______ for his wonderful performance in the show.
4. I’ve listened to your l________ so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.
5. His face turned p_______ when he heard the news.
6. My brother is interested in the u________. He wants to be an astronomer when he
   grows up.
7. As a students, you should o_______ the school rules.
8. We ‘re going to have a party at Danny’s house ________ ( 今晚 )
9. You look _______（苍白的）. What’s the matter with you ?
10. Mr Wang didn’t accept our __________ ( 邀请 ) to the meeting.

二．用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s a pleasure _______ ( go ) for a walk with you.
2. He described his travel in South America in a ________ ( humour ) way.
3. The lady refused his ________ ( invite ) to the dinner party.
4. I ________ ( listen ) to this piece of music many times.
5. It’s hard to avoid __________ ( meet ) his as it is such a small village.
6. It’s my __________ ( please ) to help you with the luggage.
7. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without ________ ( difficult ).
8. The Guang-Shen highway _________ ( reduce ) the distance between Guangzhou
   and Shenzhen.
9. Heavy ______ ( applaud ) broke out as soon as she finished speaking.
10. There are many ________ ( theory ) about the origin of life.

三、释义题
1. You should cheer up and let your parents down.
  A. make your parents happy

  B. make your parents excited
  C. make your parents angry

  D. make your parents disappointed
2. People usually make fun of their friends on April Fool’s Day.
  A. play jokes on  B. have fun with     

  C. play with          D. tell some jokes to
3. We will take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
   A. join   B. join in C. be in    D. do
4. I avoided him as much as possible.
  A. keep away from  B. put away from C. give away from  D. through away from
5. I don’t quite catch what you said at the meeting.
   A. miss  B. hear C. have D. Understand

四、单项选择题（知识点）
1. If you don’t study hard, you’ll         your parents           .
   A.let;down          B.write;down 

   C.look;up             D.cheer;up
   2. --We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.
  --Really ? Will you please show me _______ it ?
   A. what to use      B. how to use     

   C. how can I use     D. what I use
   3. There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn’t ________ falling over it in the      darkness.
   A. help  B. resist  C. avoid   D. prevent
4. You study        hard        you‘re sure to pass the exam.
   A. enough ; to       B.as ; as  

   C.so;that               D.such;that
5. Beijing has________ many cars that there is often traffic jam in rash hours.
   A. so        B. very           C. too         D. such
6. Steven,could you help me ______when the plane will take off on the Internet?
   A.get on              B. find out            

   C. look for          D. look after
7. --Would you like        camping with me？
  --I’d like to .But I‘m busy        my homework.
  A. to go ; to do      B. to go ; doing       

C. going ; to do       D.going ; doing
8. The little boy         his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.
   A.lent B.offered  C. took    D. Brought
9. Some students spend _______ time on the Internet. They forget to study, eat and sleep.They can’t even communicate with people in real life.
   A. too many        B. many too   

   C. too much         D. much too
10. What did Lily tell you just now ?    She asked me _______  others her secret.
   A. to tell not      B. not to tell    

   C. don’t tell         D. not tell
11. He lost his key.It made him _______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
   A. to stay     B. stayed      C.stays   D. stay
 

一．英汉互译；
1. 幽默感 ___________________   

2. 在某人去...的路上 ____________________
3. 做演讲 ___________________   

4. 使...失望 ____________________
5. 听某人做某事 _____________    

6.如此...以至于 _________________
7. 单凭记忆，能背诵__________     

8. 弄清，查明 ______________
9. 坐下_____________________   

10.轻而易举 ____________________
 11. 参加 _____________________  

12.最后_____________________
 13. 不知道 _____________________  14.处于困境中_____________________
 15. 远离..._____________________    16. 避免做某事 ____________________
 17. 变得___________________      

18. 想要做某事 ____________________
19. 警告某人做某事_________________  20. 主动提出做某事 ____________________
21. 使某人做某事 _______________     22. 让某人做某事____________________

 

 

1. Listen to a radio programme about some great minds.

  mind在此用作可数名词，意为“聪明的人；富有才智的人”。

  【拓展】mind作名词，还可表示“头脑；大脑；智慧；心思”。

  常用短语：make up one's mind  下定决心；change one's mind  改变主意

  Have you made up your mind to change your mind? 你下定决心要改变主意了吗？

2. Many people consider Albert Einstein a genius.

  consider及物动词，意为“认为；觉得”。consider sb./sth. (as) sth. 意为“认为某人

  /某物是……”。另外，consider后还可接that从句。

  He considers himself a great man. 他认为自己是一个了不起的人。

  They were considered as heroes. 他们被认为是英雄。

  He considered that we could do the work well. 他认为我们能做好这项工作。

  Lingling is considered to be the top student. 玲玲被认为是优秀学生。

  【拓展】consider还可意为“考虑”，相当于think about，其后可接名词、代词、动

  词-ing形式、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。

  You'd better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑一下我的建议。

  We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival.

  我们在考虑赴海南过春节。

  He has never considered how to solve the problem.

  他从未考虑过如何解决这个问题。

2. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.

  (1) sense可数名词，意为“理解力；判断力”，通常用单数。

  sense of humour  幽默感；   sense of direction  方向感

  (2) humour不可数名词，意为“幽默”。

  I like such stories full of humour. 我喜欢这些幽默的故事。

  【拓展】humorous形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”

  He has a wide mouth and humorous eyes. 他有一张大大的嘴巴和一双滑稽的眼睛。

3. Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different unniversities.

  (1) receive及物动词，意为“得到，收到”。

  I have just received his reply. 我刚刚收到他的回信。

  辨析：receive与accept

receive
 指客观上“收到”，也可用来表示“接待”和“遭受”。
 
accept
 表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论。
 

一言辨异    He received a gift but he didn't accept it.

            他收到了一件礼物，但他没有接受。
 
 

 

 

  (2) invitation名词，意为“请柬；邀请”，后常接to sth.或to do sth.

  Have you received an invitation to the party? 你收到参加晚会的请柬了吗？

  My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing.

  【拓展】invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：

  ①invite sb. to... 邀请某人去（某地/某一活动）

We invited Miss Gao to our party. 我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。

  ②invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

They have invited me to go to Shanghai with them.他们邀请我和他们一同去上海。

4. It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you.

  pleasure在此用作可数名词，意为“乐事；快事”。“It's a pleasure to do sth.”表示

 “做某事是一件乐事”。

  It's a pleasure to meet you. 认识你很高兴。

  辨析：pleasure，pleasant与pleased

pleasure
 可数名词
 “乐事；快事”
 
不可数名词
 “高兴；快乐”，take pleasure in (doing) sth. 意为“从(做)某事中获得乐趣”
 
pleasant
 形容词
 “令人愉快的；宜人的”，通常修饰物
 
pleased
 形容词
 “高兴的；愉快的”，主语一般是人。be pleased with “对……感到满意”；be pleased to do sth. “乐于做某事”
 

  It's a pleasure to hear from you. 收到你的来信很高兴。

  Reading brings me great pleasure. 读书带给我很大的乐趣。

  What a pleasant trip! 多么令人愉快的旅程啊！

  The mother were very pleased with her two daughters. 母亲对两位女儿很满意。

5. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight,Hans,but I don't want to let my audience 

  down.

  (1) avoid动词，意为“避免，避开”。avoid doing sth. “避免做某事”。另外，avoid

  后还可接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接动词不定式作宾语。

  We got up early to avoid missing the early bus. 我们早起床，以避免错过早班车。

  She tried to avoid all the problems. 她尽量避开所有的麻烦。

  【拓展】在英语中，有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见

  的这类动词有finish,enjoy,mind,avoid,practise,miss,keep,suggest等。

  (2) lecture可数名词，意为“讲座；演讲”。give a lecture意为“讲课；演讲”；attend

  a lecture意为“听讲座”。

  The scientist gave a lecture to us. 那位科学家给我们讲课了。

  Did you attend the lecture on Mark Twain? 你听了那个关于马克•吐温的讲座了吗？

  (3) let sb. down 意为“使/令某人失望”

  She let us down badly yesterday. 昨天她让我们大失所望。

6. I know what to do...

  what to do为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作动词know的宾语。“疑问词

  +动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

  When to start is a problem. 何时动身是个难题。

  The peasants taught us how to plant rice. 农民教我们怎样种稻子。

  The question was where to go. 问题是去哪里？

7. I've listened to your lecture so many times that I've learnt it by heart.

  so...that...意为“如此……以至于/以致……”，其中so是副词，用来修饰形容词或

  副词。常见结构有：

  ①so+形容词/副词+that...

  English is so important that we must learn it well. 英语是如此重要，我们必须学好它。

  ②so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...

  I have made so many mistakes that I can't pass the exam.

  ③so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that...

  I have so little money with me that I can't buy anything.

8. Now we're in trouble.

  (be) in trouble意为“处于困境；倒霉”。

  If he can't finish the work on time, he will be in trouble.

  Don't laugh at people in trouble.

  【拓展】①have trouble with... 在……方面有麻烦/问题

  Maybe you will have trouble with your English, but never give up.

  ②have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

  I have some trouble in reading her letter.

9. That's such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.

  such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，与so...that...不同的是，such是形容词，

  用来修饰名词。常见结构有：

  (1)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...=so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that...

He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.

   =He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.

  (2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that...

These are such difficult maths problems that I can't work them out.

  (3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that...

This is such hard work that few people can finish it on time.

10. ……one of the cleverest women in the world

one of the cleverest women意为“最聪明的女人之一”，其结构为“one of+the+

形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。

Mozart is one of the most famous musicians in the world.

11. 四花费：spend&pay&take&cost

spend
 主语通常是人
 ①sb. spend...on sth.

②sb. spend...(in) doing sth
 指花费时间或金钱
 
pay
 主语通常是人
 sb. pays for sth.
 指人为某物支付金钱
 
take
 主语通常是it
 It takes sb.some time to do sth.
 指花费时间
 
cost
 主语通常是物
 sth. costs (sb.) some money
 指花费金钱
 

   My elder brother spends a lot of money on books every year.

   Do you usually spend all your free time (in) studying?

   How much did you pay for the food?

   It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day.

   The skirt cost me 30 yuan.

12. I'll give you some advice.

   advice为不可数名词，意为“建议；意见”。常用表达：

   a/one piece of advice 一条建议；some advice 一些建议

   【拓展】①advice的常用搭配：

give sb. some advice/give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议

ask for advice 征求意见       follow/take one's advice 接受某人的建议

②advise动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用

  于advise sb. (not) to do sth.结构，意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。

  She advised us to wait one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。

13. Why don't you...?=Why not do...?通常用于征求意见、提建议，而不是表示疑问，

   意为“你（们）为什么不做……”

   Why don't you ask the policeman? =Why not ask the policeman?

   【拓展】英语中表示建议的常用句型还有：

   ①What/How about...? ……怎么样？

     What/How about going fishing?

   ②Would you like...? 你想要……吗？

     Would you like something to drink?

   ③Let's...! 让我们……吧！

     Let's play a game!

   ④You'd better... 你最好……

     You'd better stay at home on such a hot day.

 

   

Ⅱ.英英释义。

1. You should cheer up and not let your parent down.

  A. make your parents happy              B. make your parents excited

  C. make your parents angry              D. make your parents disappointed

2. People usually make fun of their friends on April Fool's Day.

  A. play jokes on     B. have fun with     C. play with        D. tell some jokes to

3. We will take part in social practise during the summer vacation.

  A. join             B. join in           C. be in           D. do

4. I avoided him as much as possible.

  A. keep away from                     B. put away from

  C. give away from                     D. throw away from

5. I don't quite catch what you said at the meeting.

  A. miss            B. hear            C. have            D. understand

Ⅲ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词，完成句子。

1. My brother is interested in the u          . He wants to be an astronomer when he  

  grows up.

2. As a student, you should o          the school rules.

3. We're going to have a party at Danny's house           (今晚）

4. You look           (苍白的).What’s the matter with you?

5. Mr Wang didn't accept our           (邀请）to the meeting.

6. We should help those people in           (困境).

7. He says he has a wonderful sense of h           .

8. Peter won an a           for his wonderful performance in the show.

9. I've listened to your l           so many times that I've leant it by heart.

Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

1. Confucius is one of the greatest           (mind) in the world.

2. I improve my Chinese by         (read) lots of books.

3. Alice, you must avoid          (make) such mistakes next time.

4. He described his travel in South America in a          (humour) way.

5. The lady refused his          (invite) to the dinner party.

6. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without          (difficult).

7. He decided          (write) poems at the age of 14.

8. It's my          (please) to help you with the luggage(行李).

Ⅴ.从方框中选择适当的单词填空，补全句子。

        take;      spend;       pay;       cost
 

1. She ________ two hours cleaning the house yesterday.

2. I ________ ten yuan for the new pencil box.

3. The computer ________ me 1500 yuan.

4. It ________ them three weeks to look for the missing kid.

Ⅶ.同义句转换

1. Linda is so friendly a girl that all of us like her.

  Linda is         a friendly girl         all of us like her.

2. How did they get to the bus stop yesterday?

  How did they                   the bus stop yesterday?

3. I spent 20 minutes writing down the words.

           took me 20 minutes                  down the words.

4. Daming had to look after his brother at home.

  Daming had to                           his brother at home.

5. Bill left school when he was 12 years old.

  Bill left school                                    12.