正东方教育
 九年级上Unit 1 Wise men in history
（上教版广州教材）

九年级上Unit1 wise men in history语法总结       

Unit 1 Wise men in history
     一、重点词汇

二、重点知识
              三、重点语法讲解

                                                 第一部分  反意疑问句

                                                 第二部分  句子类型

    四、知识详解

 put in prision or into prision

Unit 1

golden  adj.     [ˈgəʊldən]    金的；金色的

*crown   n.    [kraʊn]     王冠；皇冠

Olympics  n.[pl.]   [əʊ'lɪmpɪks]    奥运会

agreement   n.      [əˈgri:mənt]      同意；应允

*confirmation   n.    [ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃn]     证实

pot       n.    [pɒt]     罐

doubt    v.    [daʊt]    不能肯定；对……无把握

real     adj.   [ˈri:əl]    真的；正宗的

truth    n.    [tru:θ]   真相；实情

seem   v.   [si:m]    好像；似乎

solve   v.   [sɒlv]    解决；处理

fill   v.    [fɪl]      装满；注满

bowl   n.    [bəʊl]     碗；盆

*displace   v.    [dɪsˈpleɪs]       取代；替代

less    det.   [les]        （与不可数名词连用）较少的；更少的

metal   n.   [ˈmetl]        金属

certain   adj.    [ˈsɜ:tn]     确定的；肯定的

prison   n.   [ˈprɪzn]         监狱；牢狱

boxing   n.    [ˈbɒksɪŋ]      拳击（运动）

racing    n.          赛马（运动）

*wrestling   n.    [ˈreslɪŋ]   摔跤运动

hit    v.(hit, hit)    [hɪt]    （用手或器具）击；打

brave   adj.    [breɪv]     勇敢的；无畏的

*punctuation   n.    [ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn]    标点符号

correct   adj.   [kəˈrekt]      准确无误的；正确的

mistake   n.    [mɪˈsteɪk]      错误

(be) happy with     （对某人或事物）满意的

fill... with...         用……把……装满

run over            溢出

send...to prison       把……关进监狱

make sure          确保；设法保证

 

 

一、重点词汇

 

1 golden adj  金的 金色的 
             gold     n. 金，黄金；金色；金币      

              adj. 金的，金制的；金色的
eg.

All that glitters is not gold.  闪光的不都是金子

2 crown  n  王冠皇冠 
          vt. 加冕；居…之顶；表彰；使圆满完成
3 Olympics  n  奥运会
   winter olympics 冬奥会；冬季奥林匹克运动会
special olympics 特殊奥林匹克运动会
the green olympics 绿色奥运
eg.

What do you like about the Olympics? 你喜欢奥运会的什么项目呢？

4 agreement n  同意应允  

agree v. 同意  

disagree v. 不同意

agree/disagree with sb.  同意/不同意某人   agree to do sth.同意做某事
agreement with 同…达成协议
agreement on 一致意见

 

5 confirmation  n  证实 
eg.

This week you finally have confirmation. 

这一周你最终确认了这点。

 

The police are seeking independent confirmation of certain details of the story.
警方正在寻找案件某些细节的独立证据。
We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前，我们需要书面确认。

Written confirmation came three days later.三天后获得了书面确认。

      
She nodded in confirmation. 她点点头表示认可。

confirmed  adj. 确认的；保兑的；坚定的；惯常的
confirmed   v.  确证；使坚定（confirm的过去分词）；批准
confirm  vt. 确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固

 

 

6 pot  n  罐     eg.

He made a pot of tea for us.   他为我们泡了一壶茶。
potted adj.盆栽的；罐装的；密封的；喝醉的
potty 傻气的；微不足道的；着迷的；势利的
   v. potted 把…装罐；装在盆中（pot的过去式和过去分词）

 

 

7 doubt  v  不能确定对……无把握
I never doubted you; I was sure you would bring me the money.我从不怀疑你的，我肯定你会给我带来这笔钱的。
  n. 怀疑；疑问；疑惑
Nobody has any doubt about that. 对这一点没人怀疑。

adj. doubtful 可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的
no doubt adv. 无疑地；很可能地
in doubt 可怀疑的；不能肯定的
there is no doubt that 毫无疑问
without doubt 无疑地；确实地
doubt about v. 怀疑

 

8. real  adj  真的 正宗的 
We should read books of real worth.  我们应阅读真正有价值的书籍

adj. realistic 现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的
realized 实现的；已实现

adv. really 实际上，事实上；真正地，真实地；真的吗？（表语气）

n. reality 现实；实际；真实

vt. realize 实现；认识到；了解；将某物卖得
realized 实现（realize的过去式及过去分词）
real time 实时；同时
for real 真的；认真的；严肃的；确实地

9 truth  n 真相 真实
     adj. true 真实的；正确的
     truly 真实地，不假；真诚地

 

truthful 真实的；诚实的
adv. true 真实地；准确地
truthfully 诚实地；深信不疑地
tell the truth 说实话
in truth 真实地；实在
tell you the truth 说实话
1

0 seem  v  好像似乎  
adv. seemingly 看来似乎；表面上看来
seem to be 看来，好像 
seem like 看起来像；看上去像…；好像… =look like
seem to do 似乎做；好像
eg.

 She seems better today.看上去她今天好些了。
It seems that light energy will be an 11

 

solve  v  解决 处理 
solved 解决了的
v. solved 解决（solve的过去式）；解答
solving 解决
solve a problem 解决问题
solve sth 解决某事物 ; 找出处理某事物的方法
We're trying to solve the difficult problem by ourselves.我们正设法自己解决这个难题。

12 fill  v  装满 注满
     vi. 被充满，膨胀
    n. 满足；填满的量；装填物
fill in 填写；填充；替代
fill sth with sth 装满，充满
be filled with

 

fill in the blanks 填空
Could you explain how to fill this out?
请你说明一下怎样填这张表好吗？

 

13 bowl  n  碗 盆
rice bowl n. 饭碗；水稻种植区
toilet bowl 抽水马桶
big bowl 大碗
eg.

The hungry boy ate up the bowl of soup.饥饿的男孩大口大口地把那碗汤喝了下去

14 displace  v  取代替代 

     replace with,  

   instead of
    n. displacement 取代，移位；[船] 排水量
I'm trying to displace him in his job.  我在试图取代他的工作。

15 less  adj  较少 更少
    adv. 较少地；较小地；更小地
    adj. 较少的；较小的
  less than 小于  

   more than 多余
no less than 不少于，多达…；正如
less and less 越来越少；越来越少的
far less 远不及
eg.

You should drink less. 你应该少喝酒。
If you upend the box it will take less space. 如果你将盒子竖起来，它就可以少占些空间。

 

16 metal  n. 金属；合金
         vt. 以金属覆盖
        adj. 金属制的
eg.

Do you like this metal material? 您喜欢这种金属材料吗？

 

17 certain  adj  确定的 肯定的
    certainly adv. 当然；行（用于回答）；必定
     certainty n.必然；确实；确实的事情
eg.

 

 

That we should stay together was certain.
我们应该呆在一起这是肯定的。
We are certain to win the game.我们一定能打胜这场比赛。
The duties before you are certain to be heavy.摆在你面前的责任重大。
We are certain to be successful.我们定会成功。
The thief is certain to be caught in time.
小偷迟早会被抓到的。
You are certain to be seen by someone who knows you.你一定被认识你的人见到过。

We are certain that he will get over his illness.我们相信他一定会战胜病魔的。
He is certain that they will win the game.他肯定他们会赢得这场比赛。

Be certain you catch your train on time.
务必准时赶上火车。
I'm certain she saw me yesterday.我确信她昨天看到了我。

I am not certain who he is.我无法确切说出他是谁。
I'm not certain where this ought to be put.
我不能确定这东西该放在什么地方。

It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
It is not yet certain who will succeed .
谁会取胜还未确定。
It is not certain when it will take place.
不能确定这事什么时候会发生。

 

18  prison  n 监狱 牢狱 
                      vt. 监禁，关押
   in prison 坐牢  

   go to prison 入狱；被监禁
eg.

There is a large prison in this town. 城里有一座大监狱。

He has been in prison for five years.
他坐了五年牢。

The thief was put into prison for one year.
小偷被监禁一年。

 

19 boxing  n. 拳击；装箱；围模；做箱的材料
           v. 将…装入盒中（box的ing形式）
           box   n.箱，盒子；包厢；一拳
           boxer 拳师，拳击手
   box  vt. 拳击；装…入盒中；打耳光

boxing match n. 拳赛
boxing day n. 节礼日；圣诞节后的第一个工作日
shadow boxing 太极拳；拳击练习
thai boxing 泰国拳
boxing ring 拳赛场地
eg.

He wants to take on that boxing champion.  他想和那个拳击冠军较量。
The boxing champion was finally counted out.  拳王终于被判失败。

20 racing n  摔跤  
     race   n. 属，种；种族，人种；家庭，门弟
   racer 比赛者；比赛用的汽车
race vi. 比速度，参加竞赛；全速行进
race vt. 使参加比赛；和…竞赛；使急走，使全速行进
eg.

Only real men can participate in the racing. 只有真正的男人才能参加这项比赛。

21 wrestling  n  赛马
eg.

He wrenched his back in wrestling. 他在摔跤中扭伤了背。
There is a wrestling match tonight. 今晚有摔交比赛。

22 hit  v  打，击   
hit the ball 击球；顺利，成功
hit it off 合得来
hit hard 使受到沉重的打击，使…遭受严重的挫折  
hit the road 开始流浪，上路
hit on 偶然发现；忽然想到
eg.

The enemy's ship was hit by us. 我军击中了敌舰。

 

23 brave  adj  勇敢的无畏的

bravely adv. 勇敢地；华丽地
bravery n. 勇敢；勇气
eg.

We’ll find out soon whether he was brave or foolish.不久我们就会得知，他到底是勇敢，还是愚蠢。

 

24 punctuation  n  标点符号
25 correct  adj  准确的正确的 

incorrect=wrong  adj. 错误的不正确的

 

adv. correctly 正确地；得体地 

 incorrectly
n. correction 改正，修正
v. corrected 纠正；改正（correct的过去分词）；制止
correct operation 正确动作
correct time 正确时间
correct pronunciation 正音；正确发音
correct errors 改正错误
eg.

The correct answer is apparent. 正确的答复如何，是很明显的

26 mistake  n  错误

adj. mistaken 错误的；弄错的；被误解的
   

adv. mistakenly 错误地；曲解地，被误解地
v. mistaken 弄错（mistake的过去分词）

make a mistake 犯错误
by mistake 错误地；由于差错
make a mistake 犯错
mistake for v. 把…错认为

eg.

I  have made a big mistake .
我犯了大错。
What did you learn from this mistake? 你从这个错误里学到了什么？

27 be happy with （对某人某事物）满意   be satisfied with

28 fill...with...用 ...把...装满  

be filled with  

be full of

29 run over 溢出
30 send...to prison 把…关进监狱  

in prison 坐牢 

go to prison 入狱；被监禁

31 make sure 确保 设法保证 
for sure adv. 确实；毫无疑问地
sure of 确信…的
as sure as 千真万确地；和…一样肯定无疑
be sure of oneself v. 自信；有自信心
make sure of 确定；确保；尽力做到
be sure to do 一定做某事；确定做

 

 

二、重点句型

 

三、重点语法

第一部分  反意疑问句

A  反意疑问句规则
反意疑问句对应规则二十四条

反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是：

陈述句+动词（肯定或否定）+主语？如：

①She often has lunch at school, doesn't she?

②You don't like sports, do you?
使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：

一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：
肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？
如： ①You can't do it, can you? ②They are very late for the meeting, aren't they?

二、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：
①He has supper at home every day, doesn't he? （不能用hasn't he?）
②They have known the matter, haven't they? （不能用don't they?）

三、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：
①They will go to town soon, won't they?（不能用don't they?或 aren't they?）
②He works very hard, doesn't he?（不能用didn't he?或won't he?）

四、 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：
①Your father is unhappy, isn't he?（不能用is he?）    ②The man is dishonest, isn't he? （不能用is he?）
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn't it?（不能用is it ?）

五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
①She never tells a lie, does she?（不用doesn't she?）  ②He was seldom late, was he?（不用wasn't he?）
六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren't I？表示。如：
I am a very honest man, aren't I?

七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。
如：

①I think that he has done his best, hasn't he?
②We think that English is very useful, isn't it? （不用don't we?）

八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don't think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：

①I don't think that you can do it, can you? （不用do I?）②We don't believe that the news is true, is it? （不用do we?）

九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
①They all think that English is very important, don't they? （不用isn't it?）
②He didn't think that the news was true, did he? （不用wasn't/ was it?）

十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。
如：

①They said that you had finished your work, didn't they? （不用hadn't you）
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn't she? （不用wouldn't she?）

十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：

①Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?②Nothing has happened to them, has it?

十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：
①Someone has taken the seat, hasn't he?

②Everyone has done their best in the game, haven't they?
十三、陈述部分为Let me……时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。
如

Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)

十四、陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如：

Let us stop to rest, will you?

十五、陈述部分为Let's……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如：

Let's go home together, shall we?

十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用won't you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。
如：

①Do sit down, won't you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?
③Please open the window, will you?(won't you?)

十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式。
如： Don't make any noise, will you?

十八、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如：
①There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there? ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn't here?

十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn't +主语？形式。
①You'd better tell him about the matter, hadn't you?②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn't we?

二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn't + 主语？或usedn't +主语？形式。
①He used to live in the country, didn't he?/usedn't he?  ②They used to be good friends, didn't they?/usedn't they?

二十一、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。
如：

①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn't he? （不用mightn't he?/ hasn't he?）    

②You must have got up late this morning, didn't you?（不用mustn't you?/haven't you?）

二十二、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。
如：

①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven't they? （不用mustn't they?）  

②You must have worked there a year ago, didn't you?（不用mustn't you?/ haven't you?）

二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，
如：

①What he said is true, isn't it? （不用didn't he?）      

②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? （不用won't we?）

二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如：
To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?  ②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?

 

                     第二部分  句子类型

 

句子类型

一，陈述句：
 1，  陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。
　　Tom has a new car.
　　The flower isn’t beautiful.
2. 陈述句否定式的构成
　　(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
       He is playing the guitar.（肯定）
       He is not playing the guitar.（否定）
       We can get there before dark.（肯定）
       We can’t get thee before dark.（否定）
　　(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
         He plays the violin well.（肯定）
         He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定）
         She won the game.（肯定）
         She didn’t win the game.（否定）
(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
He has some books. →He has not any books.
(4) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如：
There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.
二，疑问句
1. 一般疑问句： 
   （1）一般疑问句的肯定形式
         一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
         Do you know Mr. Smith?
         Can you swim?
   （2）一般疑问句的否定结构
        ① 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。
         Are you not a football fan?
         Aren’t you a football fan?
         Will she not like it?
         Won’t she like it?
        ② 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。
           Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗？
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
           Won’t she like it?
          Yes, she will.
　        No, she won’t.
2. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：
Who is on duty today?
How long have you been in Beijing?
What time do you get up every morning?
What must I do now?
常用的特殊疑问句
询问内容  疑问词或句型  例    句  回   答
职业，身份  what  What is your father?  He is a doctor.
姓名或关系  who  Who is that boy?  He is Jack.
He is my brother
相貌特征  what…like?  What is she like?
What does she look like?  She is beautiful.
目的  what…for?  What did they come here for?  To attend a meeting.
原因  why  Why did they come here?  Because they have a meeting to attend.
天气   how
 what…like?  How is the weather today?
What is the weather like today?  It’s fine.
颜色  what color…？  What dolor is her skirt?  It’s red.
服装尺寸  what size  What size does he wear?  He wars 40.
几点钟  what time  What time is it?  It’s 7:30.
星期几  what day  What day is today?  It’s Tuesday.
几号，日期  what is the date…?  What is the date today?  It’s May 2.
年龄（多大）  how old  How old is he?  He is 38.
持续多长时间（多久）  how long  How long have you been here?  For five months.
长度（多长）  how long  How long is the bridge?  It’s 500 metres.
距离（多远）  how far  How far is it from here to the zoo?  It’s 6 kilometres.
频度
（多经常）  how often  How often do you come back?  Once a week.
时间经过
（多快）  how soon  How soon will she arrive?  In an week.
数量
（多少）  how many（可数名词）
how much（不可数名词）  How many jackets do you have?
How much coffee do you want?  Three.
Two cups.
价格  how much  How much is it?
How much does it cost?  Five dollars.
高度
（多高）  how tall（人，树）
how high（山，建筑物）  How tall is she?
How high is the tower?  She’s 1.73 metres.
It’s 450 metres.
3. 选择疑问句：
        选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。
        选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。
        Is your bag yellow or black?  It’s black.。
        Would you like some tea or coffee?  Either will do.。
        Which do you like better, singing or dancing?   I like dancing better.
4. 反意疑问句：
        反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。
         I am your teacher, aren’t I?
         He didn’t study hard, did he?
（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：
        They hardly write to each other, do they?
        He has found nothing, has he?
       Few people knew the secret, did they?
（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译“不是”，把no译成“是的”。
        ---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久，是吗？
　　   ---Yes, I will.不，我会离开很久。 
---No, I won’t.是的，我不会离开很久。
　　   ---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？
　　   ---Yes, she will.不，她会骑自行车来。 
---No, she won’t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。

三，祈使句
      祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句：
（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
          Be quiet.
          You be quiet!
（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。
          Do come back at once!
          Do be careful.
（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。
         Open the window, please.
（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。
         Let Jack wait a minute.
         Let’s go to school.
（5）在祈使句中，Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者，而Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
         Let’s go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议）
         Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求）
  2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。其结构通常是：“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 例如：
     Don’t do that again!
     Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!
     Don’t be late next time!
四，感叹句
　　感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。
1. what引导的感叹句：
　（1）what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
　　　What a beautiful city it is!
　　　What an interesting story she told!
　（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
　　　What expensive watches they are!
　　　What terrible weather it is!
2．How引导的感叹句：
　（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
　　　How cold it is!
   　  How hard he works!
　（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）
　　　How he loves his son!　　　
How I miss you!
　（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
　　　How tall a tree it is!
（4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：
What a clever boy he is!

→How clever the boy is!
What a cold day it is!

→How cold it is!

 

初中英语反意疑问句专练
1. I am  late ,__________ ?                   

2. I am  not late , ________ I ?
3. His name is Wang Lei ,_________?           

4. His class had a good time last Sunday,_______?
5. Alice isn't good at maths,__________?         

6. John  worked hard at Chinese ,________?
7. Let's go out for a walk ,____________?         

8. Let  us have a rest ,___________?
9. Peter's  going to see a film ,___________?      10.She' ll go to platy  basketball ,__________?
11. The Green's have been to the Great Wall ____?  

12. This dictionary is dear ,__________?
13. Those books aren't yours ,____________?      

15. There is no air or water on the moon ,_____?
16. There will be a film tonight ,___________?     

17. We must study hard,_____________?
18. He must  be at home ,___________?          

19. He must  have read the book,_________?
20. He must  have come here,___________?       

21. Open the door,__________?
22. Don't play on the road ,____________?         

23. Everyone  is  here ,___________?
24. Everything is all right, _____________?        
25. Nothing is interesting,_______________?
26. Some of the water is not clean,___________?      
27. Some of the apples are bad ,___________?
28. No one knows you here ,____________?      
29. Mr Green is unhappy,___________?
30. Your brother has lunch at school,_________?    
31. He has read the book ,___________?
32. You'd better put on your coat,___________?  
33. He'd like an apple,_____________?
34. I think he can do it by himself,__________?   
35. She thinks she can do it herself,_________?
36. We don't think she can do it,__________?    
37. He has to  come here early,___________?
38.The part begins at 6 ,_____________?      
 39. Tom  came here yesterday ,____________?
40. Jim  has never seen it ,_____________?

 

语法：B 
一. 单项填空
  1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?
    ---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.
    A. how              B. what              C. where             D. who
  2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?
    ---About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?
    A. How long          B. How often         C. How far           D. How much
  3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?
    ---No. She got up too late.
    A. had she            B. hadn’t she         C. did she            D. didn’t she
  4. ---The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
    ---Of course.
    A. Will               B. Would            C. Do               D. Shall
  5. ---__________, sir?
    ---Size 41, I think
    A. What size do you need                    B. What can I do for you
    C. How do you like this shirt                 D. What’s the matter with you
  6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk?
    A. What              B. How             C. What a             D. How a
  7. ---It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it?
    ---Just to Shanghai.
    A. How much          B. How long         C. How soon          D. How far
  8. ---_______ to the United States?
    ---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
    A. Have you been      B. Have you gone      C. Did you go         D. Will you go
  9. ---_______ were you away from school last year?
    ---About two weeks.
    A. How often          B. How soon          C. How long          D. When
  10. ---______ do you want?
     ---I want a CD of popular songs.
     A. Which CD         B. How many CDs     C. What CD          D. How much
  11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor?
     A. What             B. Which             C. Who              D. whose
  12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim?
     ---She is much better.
     A. How              B. What             C. Where             D. How old
  13. ---______he ______ at this school last term?
     ---Yes, I think so.
     A. Did…study         B. Does…study       C. Was…study        D. Did…studied
  14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English?
     ---Three years ago.
     A. When              B. Why             C. Where             D. What
  15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend?
     ---Once a week.
     A. How long           B. How soon         C. How far            D. How often
  16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them?
     A. How               B. What             C. What a             D. How a
  17. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _______?
     A. is he               B. isn’t he            C. has he             D. hasn’t he
  18.  ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.
     A. Not                B. Won’t             C. Don’t             D. Doesn’t
  19. He found nothing in the room, _________?
     A. doesn’t he           B. does he           C. didn’t he           D. did he
  20. You haven’t changed your mind, ________?
     A. do you              B. are you           C. have you           D. did you
二. 句型转换（按要求改写下列句子）
1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改为否定句)
  Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday.
2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)
  ________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day?
3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就划线部分提问)
  ________ _______ Allan go back to England next month?
4. There are some apples on the table. (改为否定句)
  There _______ _______ apples on the table.
5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问)
  _______ ______ she tell you the news?
6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改写为否定句)
  Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.
7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
  ________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?
8. Our city is very beautiful. (改为感叹句)
  _______ _______ our city is!
9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问)
  _______ _______ has he worked in this school?
10. Both of them are my best friends. (改为否定句)
   _______ of them _______ my best friend.
11. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句)
   _______ ______ they are to see each other!
12. The exam begins at nine. (改为一般疑问句)
   ________ the exam _______ at nine?
13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就划线部分提问)
   ______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon?
14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句)
   He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______?
15. She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑问句)
   She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______?
16. He’s put the tree in the hole? (改为一般疑问句)
   ______ he ______ the tree in the hole?
17. How useful the book is! (改为陈述句)
   It is ______ ______ useful book.
18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就划线部分提问)
   _______ ______ population of Australia?
19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就划线部分提问)
   _______ ______ will the meeting start?
20. Don’t tell him to come to my office. (改为肯定的祈使句)
  ______ ______ to come to my office.

 

 

四、重点知识

 

 

1、反义疑问句

  A.  反意疑问句系统讲解 

B.反义疑问句系统复习（二）

C.http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53ca7b1b0100mrsl.html

 感叹句的五种常用句式

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53ca7b1b0102firq.html

 

 2、句子的种类
  
一、课文再现
 
Unit 1        Wise men in history

                 Archimedes and the golden crown
    One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a golden crown. At first, he was very happy with it.

1. ask sb to do sth

    ask sb not do do sth

2. make him a golden crown

    make sb sth

3. At first, ..... Later,....

4. he was very happy with it.

     be happy with sb / sth

 “It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his men. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.

5. It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?

   反义疑问句系统讲解（一） 

6.  doubt that

7. Is it made completely of gold?

    be made  of / from / up of

8. sent it to Archimedes

    send sth to sb

9. asked him to find out the truth.

    

10. asked him to find out the truth.

 

look for & find & find out

 

look for强调"找"的动作和过程。如：

I'm looking for my book. 我正在找我的书。
find强调"找"的结果，即"找"到还是没"找"到。

如：

I look for my book everywhere, but I can't find it. 我到处找我的书, 但没找到。

 
find out表示"查出, 努力查找"。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：

 
The teacher tries to find out who is not in the classroom. 老师试着查出谁没在教室。

 

“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes.
Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over.

11. This problem seems difficult to solve.

      be / seem + adj  to do

   This question is easy to answer.

   He is not easy to please.

12. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.

As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.

 

as的用法
 

① as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。
As I left the house, I forgot the key.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。

② as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。如：
As I get older, I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。

③as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。

④用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。
As he was going out, it began to rain.当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。

⑤as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。
As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.
当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。

 

  4）as、when、while用法一览表。

类别
 作    用
 例     句
 
as
 as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
 She came up as I was cooking.(同时)

The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
 
when
 (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
 It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)

When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
 
while
 while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
 Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

He fell asleep while / when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)

 

 13. think of / about

       think over

14. fill .... with...

       be filled with

     They filled the bowl with rice.

   = The bowl was filled with rice.

  “That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!”
Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king.  First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight.

 

15. I know how to solve the king’s problem!

   疑问词+不定式动词

   有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构

16. he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight.

 

 ask sb for sth

 ask sb for help

 

17. weigh

     weight

     weighty

     the same .

 
    Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl.
18. he put two pots into two big bowls

      put ...into ...

19. filled both pots with water

      fill.... with ...

   They filled the basket with apples.

   The basket was filled with apples.

      ...be filled with...

      =... be full of...

20. Then he put the crown into the other pot.

  the other , another, other,

  others, the others

 

 

“Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I’m certain that it’s not completely made of gold.”

 

21. A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal.

 

A crown made completely of gold

=A crown which was made of gold displaces ....

a crown made of gold and another metal.

 

1. displace vt. 取代；置换；转移；把…免职；

 

排水

 

1.移动…的位置，(从通常或合适的地方)移开(或

 

取出)：

Please don't displace my dictionaries.请别

动我的词典。

The earthquake displaced many buildings.地震震动了许多建筑物。

使免除；把…免职，撤…的职；撤换：

The mayor displaced the police chief.市长撤换了警察局长。

取代(某人)的位置(或职位)，取代，替代，替，接替，替换：
The automobile has displaced the buggy.汽车已取代了马车。 

 

22. I’m certain that 我肯定...

     =I’m sure that  我确信...

      I doubt that 我不确定...，我怀疑...

 

“The crown maker tricked me , didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison.

23. The crown maker tricked me , didn’t he?

   play a trick on sb 捉弄某人

=play a joke on sb

24. What a bad man he is!

  感叹句的五种常用句式http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53ca7b1b0102firq.html

25. He then sent the crown maker to prison.
 

send sb to prison 把...打入监狱
 
P. 13    More practice
         Cao Chong weighs an elephant
    One day, Sun Quan sent Cao Cao a present. It was a huge elephant. Cao Cao wanted to find out the weight of the elephant.
   “What a huge animal it is! Can anyone tell me how to weigh it?” he asked the crowd around him.
 “Can we get a large scale?” asked a soldier. However, no one could find a scale large enough.
 “Can we cut it up？” asked another soldier.. “No. I don’t want to kill it,” said Cao Cao. Just then, young Cao Chong had a wonderful idea. “I can weigh the elephant!” he said “let me have a try.”
     Cao Chong asked some soldiers to lead the elephant onto a boat. As the heavy animal walked onto it, the boat went lower into the water. Cao Chong drew a line on the side of the boat to mark how low it went. The elephant was then taken off the boat and the boat was filled with rocks until it went down again and water reached the line on the boat.
    Cao Chong then weighed the rocks. He added up the weight of all the rocks and said, “This is the weight of the elephant.”
    Cao Cao was very happy with his son. “ My son is very clever, isn’t he” he said. Everyone agreed.