一、情态动词+have+过去分词
1)
may(might) have + done sth,
例如:
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
could/can
have done结构的用法:
①用于疑问句中,表示一种猜测,意为“可能做过……吗?”
②用于肯定句中,表示与过去事实相反的假设,意为“本来能够去做却没有做”。
can (could) have + done
sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Mr
Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just
now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还见过他。
There is no light
in the room, so can they have gone out?屋里没亮灯,他们有可能出去了吗?
—I
stayed at a hotel while in New York.在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。
—Oh,
did you? You could have stayed with
Babara.是吗?你本来能够和巴巴拉住在一起的。
情态动词+have
done表对过去情况的推测与估计:
(1)could have done sth.本来能做……(过去本来能做而未做)
(2)should have done sth.本应该做……(过去本应该做而未做)
(3)must+have done sth.一定……(对过去发生的事情的肯定推测)
(4)needn’t have done sth.本来不必做……(过去不必做却做了)
(5)might/may have done
sth.可能做了……(过去可能做了某事,可能性小)
句式提取:情态动词+have
done
2) must have +done
sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。例如:
——Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
琳达已经去上班了,但她的单车还在这儿。
——She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3) ought to have done sth, should have done
sth表示本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了".例如:
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes
away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。(事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事,但做了。例如:
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The
weather was
hot.
旅行时,我衣服穿得较多,其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5) would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事,但没做。例如:
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
我想读这篇文章,但太忙了一直没读。
二、can,
could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。例如:
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
我不知道她在哪儿,可能在武汉。
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如:
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测。例如:
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如:
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如:
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this
morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can,
may.
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