必修3  Unit1  Festivals around the world 核心语言知识梳理

 

 

Ⅱ.1. with 　2．stuck　3．Seeing　4．when　5．without　7．with　8．deeply　9．between　10．loved

 

Ⅱ.1. with 　2．stuck　3．Seeing　4．when　5．without　7．with　8．deeply　9．between　10．loved
 

 

语法填空赏析(4)改编)
     Even before father left us, our mother had to work to support our family. Once I came out of the kitchen，1______ (complain)，“Mom，I can’t peel potatoes. I have only one hand.”
     Mom never looked up from sewing. “You get yourself into that kitchen and peel those potatoes，” she told me, “And don’t ever use that 2______ an excuse for anything again！”
    In the second grade，our teacher lined up my class on the playground and had 3______ of us race across the monkey bars(吊杠)，swinging from one high steel rod 4______ the next. When it was my turn，I shook my head. Some kids behind me laughed，and I went home crying.
    mThat night I told Mom about it. She hugged me，and I saw her “we’ll see about that” look. (走著瞧吧) The next afternoon，she took me back to the school. At the 5______ (desert) playground，Mom looked carefully at the bars.
    “Now，pull up with your right arm，”she advised. She stood by as I struggled to lift 6______ with my right hand 7______ I could hook(钩住)the bar with the other elbow(肘部)．Day after day we practiced，and she praised me for every step I reached. I’ll never forget the next time，8______(cross) the rungs，I looked down at the kids who were standing 9______ their mouths open.
           One night，after a dance at my new school，I 10______ (lie) in bed sobbing. I could hear Mom come into my room. “Mom，” I said，11______ (weep) ，“none of the boys would dance with me.”
      For a long time，I didn’t hear anything. Then she said，“Oh，honey，some day you’ll be beating those boys off with a bat.” Her voice was faint．I peeked out from my covers 12______ ( see ) tears running down her cheeks. Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf. She had never let me see her tears.

 

1. complaining　2．as　3．each　4．to　5．deserted　6．myself　7．until　8．crossing　9．with　10．lay　11．weeping　12．to see　　

 

 

必背基本词汇

 

1. take place 发生
2. beauty 美；美人
3. harvest 收获；收割
4. celebration 庆祝；庆贺
5. starve （使）饿死；饿得要死
6. origin 起源；由来；起因 original   adj.最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的
             n.原物, 原作

    an original edition原版
   an original painting画的原作
   an original writer有独创性的作家

    

   He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。

   read Shakespeare in the original阅读莎士比亚的原著

7. religious 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的;严谨的, 认真的do one's work with religious care严谨地做事
8. seasonal 季节的；季节性的
9. ancestor 祖先；祖宗
10. Obon （日本）盂兰盆节
11. grave 坟墓；墓地
12. incense 熏香；熏香的烟
13. in memory of 纪念；追念
14. Mexico 墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家）
15. feast 节日；盛宴
16. skull 头脑；头骨
17. bone 骨；骨头
18. Halloween 万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕
19. belief 信任；信心；信仰
20. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰
21. trick 诡计；恶作剧；窍门
22. play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
23. poet 诗人
24. Columbus Day 哥伦布日
25. arrival 到来；到达；到达者。例：We waited for his arrival.我们等候他的到来。
    The new arrival is a boy.新出生的是个男孩。
    His arrival at this conclusion was the result of much thought.他得出这一结论是深思熟虑的结果。
26. Christopher Columbus 克利斯朵夫。哥伦布
27. gain 获得；得到
28. independence 独立；自主
29. independent 独立的；自主的   1) be independent of one's parents不依赖父母而自立;      2)be dependent on 依靠
30. gather 搜集；集合；聚集     gather crops收庄稼
    gather flowers采花
    gather information [experience]获得消息[积累经验]
    gather strength恢复体力
    The train gathered speed as it left the station.火车离站时, 速度逐渐加快。
31. agriculture 农业；农艺；农学
32. agricultural 农业的；农艺的
33. award 奖；奖品；授予；判定
34. produce 产品；（尤指）农产品
35. rooster 雄禽；公鸡
36. admire 赞美；钦佩；羡慕; 惊讶, 惊异      I'd admire to go. 我很想去。  

   I admire (him for) his courage. 我佩服他的勇气。  

    We all admired at his sudden success. 他的突然成功使我们感到惊讶。

  37.energetic 充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的

1. look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
2. carnival 狂欢节；（四月斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）
3. lunar 月的；月亮的；阴历的
4. Easter （耶稣）复活节
5. parade 游行；阅兵；检阅
6. day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
7. clothing 衣服
8. Christian 基督教徒；信徒；基督教的；信基督教的
9. Jesus 耶稣
10. cherry 樱桃；樱桃树
11. blossom 花；开花
12. as though 好像
13. have fun with 玩得开心
14. custom 习惯；风俗
15. worldwide 遍及全世界的；世界性的
16. rosebud 玫瑰花蕾
17. fool 愚人；白痴；受骗者；愚弄；欺骗；干傻事；开玩笑；傻的
18. necessity 必要性；需要
19. permission 许可；允许
20. prediction 预言；预报；预告
21. fashion 样子；方式；时尚
22. Trinidad 特立尼达岛
23. Carla 卡拉（女名）
24. Hari 哈利（男名）
25. parking （汽车等）停放
26. parking lot 停车场
27. Valentine's Day 圣瓦伦廷节；情人节
28. turn up 出现；到场
29. keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言
30. hold one's breath 屏息；屏气
31. apologize 道歉；辩白
32. drown 淹没；溺死；淹死
33. sadness 悲哀；悲伤
34. obvious 明显的；显而易见的
35. wipe 擦；揩；擦去
36. weave(wove woven) 编织；（使）迂回前进
37. herd 牧群；兽群
38. the Milky Way 银河
39. magpie 喜鹊
40. weep 哭泣；流泪；哭；哭泣
41. announcer 广播员；告知者；报幕员
42. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
43. remind 提醒；使想起
44. remind..of.. 使..想起..
45. forgive(forgave forgiven) 原谅；饶恕

 

必修3 unit1

             Festivals and celebrations

     Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.  Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins , some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.

 

Festivals of the Dead

 

    Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this impoutant feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with” bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.

 

Festivals to Honour People

 

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people . The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.

 

Harvest Festivals

  Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.

 

Spring Festivals

 The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians aroud the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.

People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

 

p.7 

                      A SAD LOVE STORY

      Li Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.

     It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.

    The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visted the earth. Her name was Zhinü,the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(“Just like me and Hu Jin,”thought Li Fang.)They got married secretly, and they were very happy.(“We could be like that,”thought Li Fang.)When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars,the Milly Way, stopped him.Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.

  The announcer said,”This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story.It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.”

   As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,”I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me .I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.

  As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , “why are you so late?I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!”

    What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts!She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!

 

核心单词
1. starve  vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死

She's starving herself trying to lose weight.她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。

常用结构：
starve for渴望得到……
starve to death  饿死
be starved of极需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事
The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.他们在沙漠中迷了路而被饿死了。
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.发动机缺油，发动不起来。

 

拓展

starvation n. 挨饿；饿死

(1)单项填空
Many people     death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies.
A. were starved of    B. starved to  
C. were starved        D. starved for
(2)用starve相关短语的适当形式填空 
①Thousands of people        in Africa.
②These children are          love.
③The people on the island         fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year.
解析: (1)选B。
starve to death为固定搭配，意为“饿死”，符合句意。
(2)be starved of与starve for均为“渴望”之意。
①starved to death/died of starvation
②starving for
③were starved of
It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。

用brief相关短语的适当形式填空
①He came to me        I could help him.
②       that nuclear weapons are immoral.
③The cruelty of the murders was          .
答案：
①in the belief that
②It is my belief
③beyond belief

2. belief  n. [C/U] 信任；信仰，信心；(pl. beliefs)
   believe vi.&vt. 相信

常用结构：
have belief in sth./sb.  对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beyond belief  难以置信
in the belief that ... 相信…
have belief in相信, 信任
to the best of my belief在我看来; 我深信; 就我所知
have belief in the masses相信群众
a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人
There is nothing more natural than a child's belief in his parents.没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。
辨析
1. belief faith trust confidence都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:
belief in ghosts.相信有鬼
2. faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
3. trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。
4. confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。

3. gain  n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润
           vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快
He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.她生平第一次明确地知道世界是多么大。
The company has made notable gains in productivity.该公司在生产能力方面已经有了明显的提高。
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。

辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire

 

1. gain 指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。
No gains without pains.[谚]没有辛苦就没有收获; 不劳则无获。
No pains no gains.[谚]没有辛苦就没有收获; 不劳则无获。
Sometimes the best gain is to lose.[谚]有时吃亏就是占便宜。
gain one's living谋生
gain the battle打胜仗
gain the audience's attention吸引住听众[观众]
gain the top of a mountain到达山顶

 

2. win 含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
win out=To succeed 成功或获胜
win through=To overcome difficulties and attain a desired goal or end.克服困难并达到既定目标或结果

3. get 为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 

4. earn 意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。

She earned a reputation as a hard worker.勤劳的工作使她享有声誉
earn one's living 谋生
earn one's own living 自食其力

5. acquire 意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。学得(知识等), 求得, 养成(习惯等)

acquire knwledge of 求得...的知识
We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English. 我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。
We must cherish experience acquired at the cost of blood. 我们必须珍惜用鲜血换来的经验。

选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）
①I’m new in the job but I have already              experience.
②Please              me a glass of water.
③His perseverance             him many friends and a gold medal.
④He             up to $50,000 a year by writing stories.
⑤After six years‘ study, he has               a good knowledge of English.
答案： 
①gained  ②get  ③has won  ④earns  ⑤acquired

 

4. award  vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定；n.奖，奖品；奖金

Educational Development Awards [英]教育发展奖金
literary awards 文学奖金
major award 一等奖学金
minor award 二等奖学金
to award  prizes to the winners.
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.奖章授给了辩论队中的最佳演说者。
He got the highest award in the contest. 他得到了比赛的最高奖。

 

辨析
          award/prize/reward
1. award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。
get nothing in reward for one's hard work辛苦工作而无任何报酬
receive a title as a reward for one's services to the nation因对国家有贡献而获得光荣称号
give sb. a reward of ￥100   给某人一百元的报酬 
His efforts were rewarded by success. 他的努力获得了成功。
She rewarded the boy with ＄10 for his help.  她因那男孩帮助而酬谢他十美元。

习惯用语
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬[奖赏]
be rewarded by success 获得了成功
give[offer]a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of 为酬答...; 作为奖励
reward sb. for sth. 为某事报答某人
reward sb. with ...for sth. 为某事而以...报答某人

He won the award for the best student of the year.他获得本年度最优秀学生奖。
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。
He received a medal as a reward for his courage. 他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖励。

单项填空
Three university departments have been               $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.
A.Promoted      B.included   C.Secured      D.awarded
解析:选D。
考查词义辨析。
promote  促进，提升；
include包括；
secure保证，使安全；
award授予，奖给。根据句意“被奖励了600,000美元”可知，D项正确。

 

5. admire   vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 vi. 惊讶, 惊异

admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物
admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人
express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩
have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人
in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地

They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。
I admire (him for) his courage. 我佩服他的勇气。
I admire him for his success in business. 我羡慕他事业有成。
We all admired at his sudden success. 他的突然成功使我们感到惊讶。
Aren't you going to admire my new house? 你难道不想夸夸我的新房子吗？

 

拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
demand answer of sb.要求某人答复
take charge of 负责, 看管
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙

完成句子 
①Stop looking in the mirror              (自我欣赏).
②Visitors to Beijing usually               (钦佩那里的警察).
③Our school is widely              (羡慕) its excellent teaching .
答案：
 ①admiring yourself
②admire the policemen there
③admired for

 

6. remind  vt. 使记起；提醒；使想起

常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
must remind him to call; 必须让他记着打电话；
reminded her of college days. 使她回想起了大学里的日子

I reminded him of his promise.我他曾许下的诺言。
 Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
Please remind me to leave her this note 请提醒我留给她这张纸条
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine. 请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。
The film reminded him of what he had seen in China. 这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。

翻译句子  
①这些照片使我想起我的童年。
②请提醒我每天服三次药。
答案：
 ①These photos remind me of my childhood.
②Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day.
    Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.

 

7. permission  n. [U]许可，允许
    permit vt. 准许，许可，允许; n. 许可(证）；执照

常用结构：
with one's permission 得到允许
without one's  permission 未经允许
ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可
give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
have one's permission 得到某人的同意
without permission 未经许可, 擅自
written permission 书面许可证
You have my permission to leave. 你可以走了。

完成句子
①They entered the area              (未经允许).
②You will need to obtain planning               (许可证) if you want to extend your house.
答案：
 ①without permission  ②permission

 

8. clothing      n. (总称)衣服，服装[U]
      Check your belongings and make sure you don't leave your articles of clothing behind. 检查你的行李，不要丢下衣物。
     Food, clothing and shelter are everyone's priorities.衣食住行是每一个人优(先考虑的事情。

 

辨析
clothing/clothes/cloth
clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；
clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。

选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The               industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.
②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more              .
③How much             does it take to make a blouse for a girl?
答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth
重点短语

 9. take place发生；举行
       In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.在此期间那个国家发生了经济危机。
The Olympic Games take place every four years.奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。

拓展
take one's place=take the place of ...代替……
take the first place 获得第一名
in place of 代替

 

辨析
take place/happen/break out/occur
take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。
happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。
break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
occur指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。
It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.我想起了我忘了带钥匙。

完成句子    

①It was in the church that their wedding                (举行).
②Will you attend the meeting                 (代替) me?
③                (请就座), please! Were ready to start.
④It’s hard to find a man to                (代替) the present manager.
⑤Liu Xiang                 (获得第一名) in the 110m hurdle race.
答案：①took place②in place of③Take your place/seat
④take the place of⑤took the first place

 

10. in memory of
      =to the memory of 纪念；追念
Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。
The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建的。

 

拓展
in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意
in praise of 歌颂；称赞
in favour of 赞同, 支持
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要；缺少
in search of 寻找
in possession of 拥有

(1)单项填空
This monument was built               the little hero.
A. in place of             B. in search of
C. in memory of       D. in need of
（2）用由“in+n.+of”构成的短语填空（原创）
①A monument was set up               (纪念) the dead soldiers.
②He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)              (怀念) his late wife.
③If you are             (需要) anything, don’t hesitate to let me know.
④In the discussion, I was                 (支持) Mr Li.
    解析: （1）选C。

考查短语辨析。句意为：这座纪念碑是为纪念那位小英雄而建的。in place of 代替；in search of搜寻；in memory of为纪念……;in need of需要。 
（2）①in memory/honour of②in memory of
③in need of④in favour of

11. dress up   dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.结构。

We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea! 我们在晚会上要装扮成电影中的角色，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊！
They dress up for the occasion.为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装。
She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancydress ball. 她穿上伊丽莎白一世时代的服装去参加化装舞会。

 

拓展
be dressed in  穿着……衣服
be dressed as 打扮成
be well dressed 衣着讲究
dress oneself 穿衣，打扮
dress sb. 给某人穿衣服高手过招

 
单项填空
                   in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.  

A. Dressed             B. To dress
C. Dressing            D. Having dressed
   解析:选A。be dressed in ...穿着……的衣服，表示一种状态。

12. play a trick/tricks on sb.搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
Remember not to play any tricks on the disabled.记住不要戏弄残疾人。

 

拓展
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑    
make fun of sb. 取笑某人
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
smile at sb. 向某人微笑
make a fool of 愚弄;嘲笑

语法填空            
①Tom liked making fun                others in public.
②It’s bad manners to laugh               the disabled.
③These boys like playing tricks             their teacher.
④He smiled               me when he heard my funny answer.
答案：①of②at③on④at

 

13. look forward to期待某事／做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词)
We should look forward to the futurity.我们应该展望未来。
I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。

 

拓展
    带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆：
     习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物，这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时，总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。
      习惯于be (get) used to，坚持stick to，反对object to，导致lead to，献身于be devoted to，被宣判为be sentenced to，喜欢prefer...to，谈到come to，期待look forward to，增添add to，开始get down to。

(1)单项填空
She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to       her.            

A.See B.have seen  C.seeing D.be seeing
(2)语法填空 

①The boy hurried forward             (see) the worldfamous oil painting because he had been looking forward to (see) it for a long time.
②The day I had been looking forward to               (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I'm used to             (get) up early.
     解析: (1)选C。句意为：她盼望他归来，就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句，完整的句子是：as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此处分析句子结构，同时熟知look forward to的用法即可突破。
(2)①to see; seeing②came③get; getting

 

14. turn up
      出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn down)；到场
I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days.我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。
We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。
I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗?

 

拓展
turn against 反对；背叛
turn down  （音量等）调小；拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开；发动
turn out  结果是……；证明是……
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
turn away 走开;转过脸去;把……打发走
turn in 进入；交出；上交
turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑
turn into把……变成……

(1)单项填空
He promised to come yesterday，but he hasn’t               yet.
A. turned in                                 B. turned up
C. turned on                                D. turned out
(2)用适当的介词或副词填空

①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned       yet.
②It’s wrong to turn          our motherland.
③Please turn            the radio a bit; I’m doing my homework.
(3)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Don’t worry. The file is sure to            .
②Please              the television               a bit, I can’t hear it clearly.
③It             that it was Tim who broke the vase.
④The sad child             his mother for comfort.
解析: (1)选B。
     考查短语辨析。turn in  进入；交出；上交；turn on打开；turn out 结果是……。均不符合句意。turn up 出现。
(2)①up②against③down
(3)①turn up②turn; up③turned out
④turned to

 

15. keep one's word  守信用；履行诺言； word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。
You should keep your word once you make it.你一旦许诺就要遵守诺言。
You promised you would take the children to camp so you must keep your word.你答应过要带孩子们去野营，所以你  必须信守诺言。

 

拓展
break one's word 食言 
get in a word 插嘴 
in a/one word=in short总而言之 
in other words 换句话说
word for word 逐词
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人争吵
word came that ...有消息传来…

单项填空
She said she wouldn’t do it, and she did keep her              .
     A. Words         B. word  

     C. customs       D. apology
    解析:选B。句意为：她说她不会做那件事的，她确实履行了她的诺言。keep ones word 意为“履行诺言”。word意为“诺言”时，为不可数名词。

16. set off
     出发；动身；使爆炸; 衬托, 使更鲜明, 使显得美观;分开, 隔开, 划出;平衡; 弥补, 以...抵消...(against); 使(某人)开始做, 使发火; 触发, 引起

Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off. 这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?你打算明天几点钟启程?
The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了6个人。

If you can set him off talking on his pet dog, he'll go on all night. 如果你能让他开始谈论他的宠物狗,他就会整个晚上谈下去。

   

 set off的其他常见用法： 

      set off 意思是"使……爆炸"，及物性短浯动词：e.g.
They set off the fireworks as soon as it got dark．天一黑他们就放焰火(烟花)。
(2)set off 还可指"出发，动身"，不及物性短语动词。e.g.
They set off in search of the lost child．他们出发去寻找那个丢失的孩子。
(3)set off 还可意为"引起，触发"，及物性短语动词。e.g.
①That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country．那次罢工引发了全国一系列的罢工。
②A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness．一封家书触发了他的思乡病的发作。
(4)set off 还可指"使某人突然产生某种活动"，其后往往接v.-ing，即set sb.off doing sth．e.g.
Whatever you say will set her off crying.不管你说什么都会使她哭泣。
(5)set off还可指"衬托，使更明显"。e.g．
This gold frame sets off your painting well．这金色的框架把你的画衬托得非常好看。
 

 

      拓展
set off for a place 出发到某地
set about doing sth.开始（某工作）；着手做某事
set out 从某地出发上路
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立
set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；
（为某目的）节省或保留金钱或时间
set down记下；写下

   用set相关短语的适当形式填空

①The new government must               finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
②The children             the fireworks in the yard.
③She              a bit of money every month.
④They               a statue in honour of the national hero.
⑤They’ve            on a journey round the world.
答案：①set about②set off③sets aside
④set up⑤set off/out

重点句型

17. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
as though/as if 意为“好像”。
联想拓展
as though/as if引导方式从句和表语、状语从句：
①引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened.她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
注意：当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有动词be时, 可把主语和be一起省略。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.他四下张望, 好像在寻找什么。
②引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看样子要下雨了。
③as though和as if从句是用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
  The child talks as if she were an adult.  那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）
①The pencil looks as if it               (break) with half of it in the glass of water.
②Li Ming speaks English very well as though he           (be) an Englishman.
③It seems as if our team               (be) going to win.   
④He talks about pyramids as though he                (see) them himself.
答案：①were broken②were③is  ④had seen

18. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开……
It was obvious/clear that ...= obviously/ clearly, ... 表示“很明显……，显而易见……”。属于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+thatclause 结构。

拓展
It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人应该……
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do 遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人应该……
It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ ...+that ...据说/判断/报道/宣布/预计……
It’s suggested/ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人（做）某事
Its no harm drinking running water in that area.  在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。
It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace. 很显然他们没有和平的诚意。
It is said that the tickets have been sold out. 据说票已售完。

 

 

 

as if和as though从句中的省略

当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于是便出现下面几种结构：
1)      as if +不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.
The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly
over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。
2)      不定式+形容词或形容词短语
Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。
He lay still for a long while, as if dead.
3)      as if +介词短语
He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.
4)      as if +现在分词
From time to time Jason turned round as though (he was) searching
for someone.John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约翰停下来，似乎是等玛丽开口。
Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,as though assessing the damage.然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害。
5)      as if +名词
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
6)      as if +副词
He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。

6. 对as if-从句认识上的一个误区
        对于as if 的用法，一些人的认识上存在着一个误区，即把as if从句中动词的形式与主句的时态相联系。认为：“在由as if (as
though)引出的表示虚拟语气的方式状语从句中，如果主句的谓语是一般时，那么其从句的谓语一般应该用动词的过去式 (be用were)；反之，如果主句的谓语用一般过去时，那么从句谓语一般用“had +过去分词”。

 

       这种认为从句动词形式受主句时态制约的观点是不符合语言实际的。

 

        实际上，as if和 as though后谓语动词的形式与主句时态无关。如《现代英语惯用法词典》上也有如下例句：
He looks as if he were ill.
He looked as if he were ill.
He looks as if he had been ill.
He looked as if he had been ill.
      下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：
A: We’ve been back at work now for three days. 我们回来上课到现在已三天了
B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回来三个月了。
    （比较：I have been back for three months.）

6. as if和as though的功能

1)      引导方式状语从句
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2)   引导表语从句
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit.

3)  引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：
As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的！（相当于：I don’t care!）
As if anyone would believe that story! 好像人人都会相信那种说法似的！
He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.
As if I ever should! 他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往，好像我真会那样做似的！

 

全单元词组总结

 

1. mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean (doing) sth 意味着做某事
be meant for打算给予……，打算做……用
(had) meant to do 本来打算做而实际上未做
by all means 可以，当然行，没问题
by means of 借助……的手段；依靠……方法
By no meant绝不，一点儿也不
2. take place发生
3. do harm/good有害处/好处
4. go to clean graves扫墓
5. in memory of  为了纪念……
in celebration of为了庆祝……
in favor of赞同……
in praise of为了表扬……
6. in the shape of 以……的形状
7. offer sb sth=offer sth to sb提供某人某物/某物给某人
offer to do sth主动提出做某事/建议将做某事
offer (sb) money for sth(向某人)出价多少买某物
offer （sb） sth for money(向某人)开价多少卖某物
8. dress up装扮
9. play a trick/tricks on=play a joke/jokes on开玩笑
10. the arrival of……的回归
11. gain independence获得独立
12. the agricultural work农活
13. decorate… with用……装饰……
14. win awards赢得奖品
15. admire the moon赏月
admire sb for sth因为……羡慕某人
16. look forward to doing sth期待做某事
17. day and night日日夜夜
18. colourful clothing of all kinds各种各样的漂亮的衣服
19. as though/if好像
20. be covered with被……覆盖
21. have fun with取乐
22. a worldwide holiday全世界的节日
23. turn up/away/back/down/in/off/on/out/over/to出现/拒绝/原路返回/关小，拒绝/上交/转变；关掉/打开/证明是；生产/翻转/转向；求助于
in turn轮流/反过来
take turns to do sth/in doing sth轮流做某事
do sth by turns轮流干某事
24. laugh at 嘲笑
make fun of取笑
25. keep one’s word/promise守信用，履行诺言
26. hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
27. It is obvious that很明显……
28. wipe the table擦桌子
29. fall in love with sb爱上某人
be in love相爱（与表示一段时间的动词连用）
get married/be married to sb/ marry sb与某人结婚
30. once a year一年一次
31. set off出发
set about着手开始
set…against把……与……比较/对比
set back 使……后退，阻碍，拨慢（钟表）
set forward前进，促进，拨快（钟表）
set down 写下
set out动身，出发；摊开，陈列；表述（理由）
32. throw…away扔掉
33. remind…of 使……想起……
remind sb to do sth提醒某人干某事
34. forgive sb原谅某人
35. a kind of +n.(s./pl.)+V（单）一种
kinds of +n.(s./pl)+V（复）各种各样的
36. hold back阻止，退缩
hold on to 抓住，不卖掉，不放弃
hold on 等一等，请稍等，坚持，忍受着
hold up 举起，拿起，延误，使停顿
hold out伸出

37. starve for渴望，缺乏
starve to death饿死
38. important religious festival重要的宗教性节日
39. light lamps点灯
40. apologize to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉
=say sorry to sb for sth
=make/offer an apologize to sb for (doing) sth
   apologize to sb for sb替某人向某人道歉

 

 

 

 P. 1   FESTIVALS AND

CELEBRATIONS                                 

        Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today's festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.
 
Festivals of the Dead
        Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with "bones" on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children's festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours' homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
 
Festivals to Honour People
         Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India's independence from Britain.
 
Harvest Festivals
          Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European ountries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.
 
Spring Festivals
           The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan's Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
            People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

P. 7         A SAD LOVE STORY

          Li Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine's Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn't turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o'clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.

          It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV -just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.
          The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ("Just like me and Hu Jin," thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. ("We could be like that," thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinii was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won't be able to meet.
           The announcer said, "This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine's story. It's a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love."
           As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, "I guess Hu Jin doesn't love me. I'll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don't want them to remind me of her." So he did.
          As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, "Why are you so late? I've been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!"
           What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine's Day!

P. 44                      WINTER CARNIVAL IN QUEBEC

      A group of very cold tourists are sitting in a café in old Quebec, drinking hot coffee to try to warm up. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. The windows are covered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks. The music and lights of the Carnival continue, but after a whole day of watching parades, riding in horse carriages and listening to the music, their feet are freezing and their noses are red.
  Every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to Quebec to take part in the week-long winter festival, the biggest in the world. Everyone who comes must be prepared to keep moving, as it is too cold to stand and watch for long.
     Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding competitions on the hill overlooking the river. Competitors speed down the track and through the air as though they could fly.
     The more brave of heart may try the canoe races. Five or six men paddle each canoe across the partly-frozen St Lawrence River. The fiver is full of big pieces of ice, and if you were to fall in, you would freeze in less than two minutes.
     One of the favourite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about six husky dogs pull long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track. One person runs behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encourage them. The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of the crowd make an exciting Northern experience. The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur and many with blue eyes.
     While admiring the ice sculptures everywhere in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can stop with other tourists in an igloo (圆顶冰屋 ) for hot tea or coffee. It is amazing how warm these ice houses can be!
     Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, where Bonhomme the snowman is king, and join the crowd. You can dance outside to the music of a band, who are all dressed in heavy clothes - even some of their instruments are dressed up for winter.
Finally, you will probably want to sit down in a caf6 to warm up and to plan tomorrow. You might join the snowmobile races - or maybe you should just sleep in!