以下是有关北京城市史的译文。urban histoy of Beijing

Beijing is the famous capital with long history. With the evidences from archaeological material, it was found that the primitive man resided around as early as 500 thousand years ago.

The earliest recorded name of Beijing on the cultural literary is Ji. At about the eleven century BC, the Nation of Ji dominated the northern China as the sub-infeudation of the West Zhou Dynasty. At the time around the Chun Qiu Period, another country named Yan, located southwest to the Ji, conquered this territory and move the capital to Beijing. From that time until the year of 226 BC, the powerful Qin destroy the Qin, the city of Ji was the capital of the country of Yan continuously. According to the archaeological discovery, the residence of Ji located in the south west part of the present urban area of Beijing.

During the period of Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, the capital of Ji was the key military castle of the Northern China. In the Qin dynasty, located in the Guangyang Prefecture, and in Han Dynasty, resided the Governor of You Zhou Prefecture, taking as the first rank of the cities in China. Since the East Han Dynasty to the Wei-Jin Dynasty and the period of North-south partition time, the town of Ji and around area was under the control of fragment local government. At that time, the town of Ji was the center and military post of local feudal governor, meanwhile, the post of northern nomadic nationality.

At the time of famous and unitary the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, the urban of Ji came over the military base to governor the north part of China and the economic town for trade and communication, more over, the regional administrative center. In the Sui Dynasty, this local area named Zhou Prefecture and in the Tang Dynasty, You Prefecture, both resided in the town of Ji.At the late stage of the Tang Dynasty, the Qitan Nationality stand out in the north part of China, and founded the Nation of Qitan in 916AD, nominated as Liao Dynasty later. In the year of 938AD, the city of Ji became the subsidiary capital of the Liao. For the reason of the town located the south part of the Liao territory, there was named Nanjing, and means the south capital. Another name was Yanjing.After more than 100 years later, another nomadic nationality of Nvchen established the Nation of Jin, and conquered the Liao. The Nation of Jin migrated the capital to the city of Yanjin, changed the name to Zhongdu, as the central capital.

In the year of 1214, under the attack from the uprising Mongolia troops from the north, the capital was retreated to the Bianjing, the present city of Kaifeng in the Henna province. In the next year, Mongolia troops took the city of Yanjin. In the year of 1267, Khubilie, the leader of Mongolia, instructed that to build a new city at the north-east of the old Zhongdu city. 4 years later, the new and great capital of Dadu established, and Khubilie mounted the emperor throne there. That was the Yuan Dynasty. From then on, the city of Beijing took the rank from the ancient capital cities of Chang’an, Luoyang, and Bianliang, came as the state administrative center, and continued with the later Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.

On the October 10^th 1911, the capitalism democratic revolution blow off and the last Emperor of the Qing Dynasty abdicated the throne in the February, 1912. This is the end of Chinese last feudal dynasty, and the history of Beijing as the feudal capital.

During the coming period of the Republic of China, the city of Beijing successively was the state capital, the regional administrative center, and subjugated puppet local government residence. In the October 1^st, 1949, with the found of the People’s Republic of China, city of Beijing came to be the capital of the new Republic and have a brand new era.