加载中…《保险研究》2014年第5期目录及摘要
(2014-05-23 10:31:26)相关链接： 《保险研究》2014年第4期目录及摘要
中国环境污染保险供需“双冷”的经济解释
张伟
（广东金融学院保险研究所，广东 广州 510521）
［摘要］环境污染保险的需求来自于排污企业转嫁损失风险的需要，而企业的潜在损失风险又取决于政府的环境规制力度。如果政府颁布的环保法规对非法排污行为的处罚不严，并且环境执法过于宽松，则在发生环境污染事故时企业面临的罚款和赔偿较少，无须通过购买保险来转嫁损失风险，从而导致环境污染保险需求不足。在规模经济效应的制约下，需求的疲软又会造成供给缺乏弹性，最终造成环境污染保险出现供需“双冷”的局面。政府应该从加强环境规制力度入手，通过经济激励的方式来启动企业对环境污染保险的市场需求，进而提升保险公司的供给意愿，而不应实施政策性保险的发展模式。
［关键词］环境污染保险；环境规制；供给弹性；累积性环境污染
张伟在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
保险标的转让效力与立法约束研究——兼论《保险法》第49条之立法缺陷
粟榆在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
罗向明在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
保险标的转让效力与立法约束研究——兼论《保险法》第49条之立法缺陷
The Economic Interpretation on the Lack of Interest in China’s Environmental Pollution Insurance on both the Supply and Demand Sides
ZHANG Wei,SU Yu,LUO Xiangming
（Institute of Insurance Research,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangdong Guangzhou 510521)
Abstract：The demand for environmental pollution
insurance comes from pollution-emission companies’ needs to shift
the risk of loss,and their magnitude of risks and potential losses
depends on the government’s environmental supervision intensity.If
the regulation for illegal emission isn’t stringent and enforcement
is lax,the fines and compensation for damages paid by polluters
wouldn’t be heavy enough to necessiate mitigation by
insurance,resulting in shortage of demands for environmental
pollution insurance.Under the constraint of economy of scale,weak
demand would lead to inelastic supply,eventually causing low
interest in environmental pollution insurance on both sides of
supply and demand.Government should start from strengthening
environmental regulation efforts,then economically stimulate the
demands for environmental pollution insurance market,and thus
enhance the supply by insurance companies,rather than adopt the
policy-sponsored development model.
Key words：environmental pollution
insurance;environmental regulation;supply elasticity;cumulative
environmental pollution
生态补偿视角下环境污染责任保险制度设计与路径选择
李雪松1，2 孙博文1
（1.武汉大学经济与管理学院，湖北 武汉
［摘要］生态补偿是实现环境污染负外部性内部化的重要措施，通过环境侵权主体对环境污染受害主体的利益补偿而实现社会的公平与正义。环境污染事故频发以及日趋严重损害给污染企业生态补偿以及资金赔付带来了更大的压力，从而引入多层次的保险机制到生态补偿的整个过程中很有必要。本文建立了生态补偿事前预防、事中补偿以及事后成本评估的分析框架，探讨了包括责任保险、再保险、第一方保险和直接保险、风险分担协议、污染者担保以及环境基金等保险机制在生态补偿机制中的功能，并最终以环境污染责任保险为例，完成了具有法律适应性、功能有效衔接以及保障措施有力的制度设计以及实践路径选择。
［关键词］生态补偿；保险机制；环境污染责任险；制度设计；路径选择
System Design and Path Selection for Environmental
Pollution Liability Insurance under the Perspective of Ecological
Compensation
LI Xuesong1,2，SUN Bowen1
(1.Economics and Management School of Wuhan University,Hubei Wuhan 430072;2.Water Research Institute of Wuhan University,Hubei Wuhan 430072)
Abstract：Ecological compensation is the
important measure to internalize external negative impacts of
environmental pollution.Social justice and equality is gained
through the indemnification by the tort-feasors to the
infringed.The high frequency of environmental pollution incidents
and increasing severity of damages are posing larger burdens on the
polluter for ecological compensation and
indemnification.Therefore,it is highly necessary to introduce
multi-tiered insurance mechanism into the whole process of
ecological compensation.The paper introduced the ecological
compensation analysis framework,including ex ante
prevention,concurrent compensation and after-the-event cost
assessment,and put forward that to diversify the risk of ecological
compensation we should introduce such insurance mechanisms as
liability insurance,reinsurance,the first party and direct
insurance,risk-sharing agreements,polluter guarantees and the
environmental funds.Finally,using environmental pollution liability
insurance as an example,it proposed on its system design and route
selection which featured legal applicability,functional interfacing
and effective protection on environment.
Key words：eco-compensation;insurance
mechanism;environmental pollution liability insurance;system
design;route selection
农业保险发展对农民收入影响的动态研究——基于面板系统GMM模型的实证检验
周稳海1,2 赵桂玲3 尹成远1
（1.河北大学经济学院，河北 保定 071000；2.河北工业大学经济管理学院，天津 300130；
3.河北金融学院，河北 保定 071051）
［摘要］首先从灾前效应与灾后效应两个方面分析了农业保险对农民收入影响的作用机制，然后利用2008～2012年中国省际面板数据，构建动态面板系统GMM模型对该作用机制进行实证分析。研究表明，农业保险灾前效应对农民收入具有显著的负向影响，灾后效应对农民收入具有显著的正向影响。实证结果进一步表明农业保险总效应对农民收入具有显著的正向促进作用，但作用力度较小。为进一步改善农业保险对农民收入的促进作用，应继续加大对农业保险的支持力度，扩大补贴范围和补偿比例，注重农业保险产品与制度创新，合理控制道德风险，建立农产品价格调控机制。
［关键词］农业保险;农民收入;面板数据;系统GMM模型
周稳海在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
赵桂玲在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
尹成远在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
A Dynamic Study about the Effect of Agricultural Insurance on Farmers’ Income—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Panel SYS- GMM Model
ZHOU Wenhai1,2，ZHAO Guiling3，YIN Chengyuan1
(1.School of Economics,Hebei University,Hebei Baoding 071000;2.School of Economics and Management,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130;3.Hebei Finance University,Hebei Baoding 071051)
Abstract：This paper analyzed the functioning
mechanism of agricultural insurance’s effect on the farmers’ income
from the two aspects of pre-disaster effect and post-disaster
effect.And then,using the provincial panel data of China from 2008
to 2011,it constructed the dynamic panel system GMM model to
empirically study the mechanism.The result showed that the
agricultural insurance’s pre-disaster effect had significantly
negative impacts on farmers’ income,while the post-disaster effect
had significantly positive impacts on farmers’
income.Moreover,agricultural insurance’s aggregate effecs had
positive impacs on the farmers’ income,but very marginally.In order
to further improve the effect of agricultural insurance to farmers’
income,we should continue to strengthen support to the agricultural
insurance,broaden the subsidy scope and proportion,innovate
agricultural insurance products and operating system,reasonably
control moral risks and establish the price readjustment mechanism
for agricultural products.
Key words：agricultural insurance;farmers’
income;panel data;SYS-GMM model
构建我国多元化农业巨灾风险承担体系
冯文丽1
（1.河北经贸大学教务处，河北 石家庄 050061；2.河北经贸大学财税学院，河北 石家庄 050061）
［摘要］农业巨灾风险是“准公共风险”。单由农户进行农业巨灾风险管理，容易出现正外部性和管理不足；仅由保险公司分散风险容易出现市场失灵；仅由政府承担风险则成本高昂，效率低下。因此，农业巨灾风险管理需要充分发挥政府和市场两方面的作用，明确界定政府的有限责任，以市场机制为主构建多元化农业巨灾风险承担体系和多层次损失补偿机制。
［关键词］农业巨灾风险；农业保险；风险管理
Construction of Diversified Agriculture Catastrophe
Risk-sharing System in China
FENG Wenli1,SU Xiaopeng2
（1.Academic Administration,Hebei University of Economics and Business,Hebei Shijiazhuang 050061 2.School of Public Finance and Taxation，Hebei University of Economics and Business,Hebei Shijiazhuang 050061)
Abstract：Agricultural catastrophe risk is a
“quasi-public risk”.Agricultural catastrophe risk management solely
by the farmers positive externalities and inadequate
management,while managment,while management soely by insurance
companies may cause market failure,and management solely by the
government is costly and inefficient.Therefore,agricultural
catastrophe risk management requires both the government and the
market to play a role,define the government’s limited liability
clearly,build a diversified agricultural catastrophe risk-sharing
system mainly through the market mechanism,and form a multi-level
compensation mechanisms.
Key words：agricultural catastrophe
risk;agricultural insurance;risk management
冯文丽在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
美国联邦儿童医疗保险制度评介
我国区域性生猪保险市场发展潜力评价
郑苏晋
（中央财经大学保险学院/中国精算研究院，北京 100081）
［摘要］农业保险作为政策性险种，对中国推进工业化、扩大内需具有重要意义。2013年黄浦江“漂流猪”事件的发生和育肥猪保险试点的开展，让人们看到了养殖业保险社会管理功能的重要性及发展契机，如何根据各地生猪养殖及生猪保险市场的现状制定差异化发展策略变得尤为重要。文章从政府、保险公司、养殖户等层面选取影响生猪保险市场发展的主要因素，对我国四川、湖南等17个生猪主产区生猪保险市场的发展潜力进行评价；同时通过聚类分析法，将生猪主产区分为四类，并提出针对性建议：一类和二类地区，养殖企业应建立产业联盟，加快产业化进程；三类地区，应建立省域农险公司，探索适合的保险经营模式；四类地区，政府应加大支持力度，完善生猪质量保障体系。
［关键词］生猪保险；社会管理；区域；市场潜力
Evaluation of Potential Development in Regional Swine
Insurance
ZHENG Sujin,YAO Dan
(China Institute for Actuarial Science/School of Insurance,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081)
Abstract：Agricultural insurance plays an
important role in China’s industrialization and domestic
consumption expansion.In 2013,the “Drifting Pig” event in Huangpu
River and the “Fattening Pig” insurance pilot raised people’s
awareness of the social management function of livestock breeding
insurance and its potential opportunity.It becomes important to
develop a differentiated strategy based on the status quo of the
pig breeding industry and swine insurance markets.We selected main
factors affecting the development of swine insurance such as
government,insurance companies and pig farmers,and made an
objective evaluation of the 17 main pig-producing areas in China
such as Sichuan and Hunan.At the same time,cluster analysis method
was used to classify these 17 pig-producing areas into four
groups,and proposed targeted recommendations.For Type Ⅰ and Type
Ⅱ,farming enterprises should establish industry alliance to
accelerate the industrialization process.For Type Ⅲ,government
should establish provincial agricultural insurance company to
explore on reasonable insurance business model.For Type
Ⅳ,government should increase support to improve on the swine
quality guarantee system.
Key words：swine insurance;social management
function;region;market development potential
具有长期护理保障功能的住房反抵押产品研究
陈秉正
（清华大学经济管理学院，北京 100084）
［摘要］针对我国目前人口老龄化和老年人长期护理存在的问题，本文将住房反抵押贷款和长期护理保险结合，设计了具有长期护理保障功能的住房反抵押产品。建立了产品定价模型，并利用中国数据和计算机模拟方法进行了定价测算，同时对房屋价格增长率进行了敏感性分析。测算结果显示，该产品能够为老年人提供足够的养老年金和长期护理保障。
［关键词］住房反抵押；长期护理保险；产品定价
A Study on Reverse Mortgage with Long-Term Care Insurance
Function
CHEN Bingzheng,QIN Peng,DENG Yinglu
(School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 10084)
Abstract：In recent years,China is facing with
grave problems of population aging and inadequate long-term care of
the elderly.This article combined reverse mortgage and long-term
care insurance,and designed a reverse mortgage product with
long-term care insurance function.Product pricing model was
established and pricing projection was made using the actual data
in China’s market and computer simulation.The robustness of the
growth rate of house price was also analyzed by conducting the
sensitivity testing.The result showed that this product could
provide adequate pension and long-term care insurance for the
elderly.
Key words：reverse mortgage;long-term care
insurance;product pricing
陈秉正在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
邓颖璐在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
我国长期护理保险制度运行模式的微观分析
荆涛
（对外经济贸易大学保险学院,北京 100029）
［摘要］本文基于调查问卷搜集的微观数据，通过多元Logistic模型筛选变量，建立分类回归树模型来分析影响消费者选择模式的因素，旨在探讨适合我国国情的长期护理保险制度运行模式，并从政策实施层面提出建议。研究结果表明：纯粹商业长期护理保险模式目前具有可行性，但推行需要一个过程；社会保险为基础、商业保险为补充的针对就业人群的保险模式在特定阶段有存在的必要性；全民强制社会长期护理保险模式虽然长期来看负担过重，但是最终愿景。
［关键词］长期护理保险;运行模式;微观分析
A Micro-analysis on Long-Term Care Insurance Pattern in
China
JING Tao,XIE Yuantao
(School of Insurance and Economics,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029)
Abstract：According to the data collected
through a nationwide questionnaire,this paper used Multi-Logistic
models to screen factors and analyzed the main factors affecting
consumers’ selection models through the Classification and
Regression Trees Model (CART).The purpose of the paper was to
explore on the long-term care operation model compatible with
China’s situations and made corresponding policy-making
suggestions.According to our research,a purely commercial long-term
care model was feasible but needed some time to implement.A mixed
model with social healthcare system as the basis and commercial
plan as the supplement was necessary for at certain stage.And the
ultimate goal was to establish a mandatory and universal social
long-term care model,though it may be very burdensome.
Key words：long-term care insurance;operational
pattern;micro-analysis
荆涛在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
谢远涛在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
基于操作时间和广义线性混合模型的准备金评估技术研究
我国区域保险与区域经济社会协调关系研究
张平
（武汉大学经济与管理学院，湖北 武汉 430072）
［摘要］本文首先建立区域保险系统与区域经济社会系统协调度模型，发现我国大部分区域协调性较差；进而从区域内保险市场竞争及发展状况、区域保险业功能发挥、保险监管制度安排、产业政策等方面剖析原因；在此基础上从区域保险业自身发展、服务地方经济社会、改进保险监管、加强财税及产业政策协调等方面提出对策建议。
［关键词］区域保险；区域经济；互动关系；协调度
The Interactive Relationship between Regional Insurance and
Regional Economy in China
ZHANG Ping,TU Dongyang
(Economics and Management School of Wuhan University,Hubei Wuhan 430072)
Abstract：This paper constructed a coordination
degree model between regional insurance and economic social system
and found that most areas had a low coordination degree.Then,it
tried to explore on reasons behind this phenomenon from aspects of
the competition and development situation of regional insurance
market,the function of regional insurance,insurance regulation and
the policy towards this industry.Based on the findings,it offered
some recommendations about the self-development of regional
insurance,serving local economic society,improving insurance
regulation and strengthening the coordination of finance and
industry policy.
Key words：regional insurance;regional
economy;interactive relationship;coordination degree
涂东阳在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
基于动态多期投资模型的寿险公司最优投资决策
卞小娇
（南开大学经济学院风险管理与保险学系，天津 300071）
［摘要］动态资产配置模型是现代资产管理理论中最具价值的理论之一。本文使用Sorensen（1999）提出的拟动态规划方法寻求保险人效用最大化的投资策略，求得在不同风险偏好和投资限制下的各期限债券以及股票的配置比例。研究发现：保险人的风险偏好影响股票持有比例，20年投资期间下不同风险偏好投资者的股票持有数量会收敛到理性投资水平；债券组合中只含有最短和最长年期债券，两种债券的持有量随时间此消彼涨，其他年期债券持有为零；负债持续期缺口是影响债券组合配置的主要因素。
［关键词］ 完备交易市场;风险偏好;股票债券比例;拟动态优化
The Optimal Investment Decision-making based on the Dynamic
Multi-period Investment Model for the Life Insurance
Industry
BIAN Xiaojiao,LI Fangfang
（Department of Risk Management and Insurance,School of
Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071）
Abstract：The dynamic asset allocation model is
one of the most valuable theories in the subject of modern asset
management.In this paper,we used quasi dynamic planning method
proposed by Sorensen（1999）to seek the insurance investment strategy
with maximum utility,and reached at the bond and stock allocation
in term of different risk preferences and investment
constraints.The study found that the insurer’s risk preference
affected its stock holding ratio;stock holdings of investors with
different risk preferences would converge to the level of rational
investment in a 20- year investment period;the bond portfolio
contained only the shortest and longest maturity bonds,and their
positions shifted as time went by,and other bond holdings were
zero.Duration gap with the liability was the main factor affecting
the bond portfolio allocation.
Key words：complete trading market;risk
preference;stock and bond ratio;quasi dynamic optimization
卞小娇在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
中国第二代偿付能力监管体系的利率模型选择——基于SolvencyⅡ利率模型和现行方法的比较
周桦
（中央财经大学保险学院/中国精算研究院，北京 100081）
［摘要］中国正在进行第二代偿付能力监管体系的建设。随着利率市场化的进行，新的监管体系中利率模型的选择成为关注焦点和研究重点，因为这将极大地影响寿险负债的评估结果，从而影响保险公司的财务报表与偿付能力。本文主要研究了欧盟Solvency
Ⅱ中Smith-Wilson利率模型在中国市场的应用。首先，本文介绍了S-W模型的计算方法，并对中国市场应用S-W模型的参数进行设置；其次，本文以1~50年的银行间固定利率国债即期收益率为数据基础，计算出S-W模型的利率结果，并对重要参数进行敏感性分析；最后，本文将S-W模型与中国现行的750天移动平均法作对比，通过计算与分析一款两全保险产品的准备金，得出750天移动平均法确实具有时滞性，而S-W法能够及时、准确反映市场利率的变化。
［关键词］S-W模型；750天移动平均法；准备金；偿付能力
A Comparative Analysis on the Risk-free Interest Rate Model
in China’s Second Generation Solvency Regime—Based on
SolvencyⅡInterest Rate Model and the Current Method
ZHOU Hua,ZHANG Juan
（The School of Insurance of Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081）
Abstract：The second generation solvency regime
is being constructed in China.With the process of interest rate
liberalization,the interest rate model used in the new regulatory
system has drawn much attention,for it plays an important role in
the valuation of reserves for life insurance business,and in
turn,affects insurance companies’ balance sheet and solvency
level.The main purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the
S-W method proposed by SolvencyⅡto the Chinese insurance
market.Firstly,we introduced the calculating formula of the S-W
method and set its parameters under the consideration of Chinese
market environment.Secondly,we ran the S-W method with spot curves
of China’s government bonds with maturities of 1-50 years as the
input and performed sensitivity analyses on important parameters.At
last,we compared the S-W method to the current 750 working-day
moving average method by analyzing the reserves of an endowment
insurance product in three consecutive years.Through the
comparison,we found that there was indeed time-lag in the current
750 working-day moving average method and that the S-W method
responded timely and exactly to the changing financial
market.
Key words：S-W method;750 working-day moving
average method;reserve;solvency
周桦在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
张娟在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
企业年金基金的信托法律关系研究
郝大为
（中国人民银行金融研究所、全国人大财政经济委员会，北京 100805）
［摘要］法律关系是企业年金基金运行机制的基础，关系到企业年金制度的发展水平。信托关系是企业年金基金的基础法律关系，这不仅是制度模式具体规定的结果，更是基于企业年金基金本质上的投资基金属性，因而具有普遍适用意义。本文对企业年金基金信托关系在运行中存在的问题进行了分析，从信托角度对促进企业年金基金高效运作和快速发展提出了要完善信托制度模式，发展集合型年金计划，保障受益人合法权益，重视法治建设等建议。
［关键词］企业年金基金；投资基金；信托关系
A Study on the Fiduciary Relationship of Enterprise Pension
Fund
HAO Dawei
（Financial Research Institute of the People’s Bank of China,Financial and Economic Committee of National People’s Congress,Beijing 100805）
Abstract：As the basis of the system’s
operation,legal relationship has a direct bearing on the
development of the enterprise pension market.Fiduciary relationship
is the basic legal relationship of enterprise pension,which is
decided by not only the regime regulation,but also the investment
fund nature of enterprise pension.Therefore,the fiduciary
relationship of enterprise pension is extensively applicable.The
paper analyzed existing problems in enterprise pension’s fiduciary
relationship.And from the perspective of the fiduciary
relationship,it proposed to improve on the fiduciary system,develop
collective enterprise pension plans,protect beneficiaries’ rights
and strengthen legislation in order to improve the operation
mechanism and accelerate the development of enterprise
pension.
Key words：enterprise pension fund;investment
fund;fiduciary relationship
投资连结型保险在中国的发展与税法规则的跟进
汤洁茵
（中国青年政治学院法学院，北京 100089）
［摘要］投资连结型保险是我国保险市场中的新型保险产品。但由于税法规则的缺失，其不确定的税收负担在一定程度上妨碍了其在中国的发展。由于投资连结型保险包含投资的因素，因此，其保险金的给付是否能够享受免税的待遇，保险期间所累积的投资收益是否计入应税所得以及保费支付是否允许扣除等问题，仍存在诸多的争议。保险因素还是投资因素将决定这一保险产品相关收益的税收待遇，存在整体或分解课税法的分歧。如投资连结型保险合同中保险属性居于主导地位而投资安排仅为服务于保险功能的实现，则该合同应当被视为保险合同，以此属性确定其收益的纳税义务。
［关键词］投资连结型保险；所得税；整体课税
The Development of Investment-linked Insurance in China and
the Legislation of Its Taxation Rules
TANG Jieyin
(The School of Law of China Youth University for Political Science,Beijing 100089)
Abstract：Investment-linked insurance is one of
the innovative insurance products in Chinese insurance
market.However,due to the absence of relevant taxation rules,the
uncertainty of tax burden has hindered its development.Because of
the investment characteristic in the insurance contract,consensus
hasn’t been reached on whether the insurance benefits are exempted
from income tax,whether accumulated investment earnings during the
term of policy should be recognized as taxable income,and whether
insurance premiums are allowed to deduct.The issue that whether the
tax treatment of investment-linked insurance should be determined
under the approach of bifurcation or integration is also
debated.Such issue is actually concerned with the question whether
the insurance elements or investment elements should decide the tax
treatment of the income from investment-linked insurance.In
general,if the insurance element is dominant in the
investment-linked insurance and the investment element just serves
for the fulfillment of the insurance function,the contract should
be regarded as an insurance contract and then its tax treatment
should be determined accordingly.
Key words：investment-linked insurance；income
tax；integration
中国中老年人口医疗保险使用现状调查
王瑜1 蒋妍1 王晓军1 李扬1 马双鸽1,2
（1.中国人民大学应用统计科学研究中心、统计学院，北京100872；2.美国耶鲁大学公共卫生学院，康涅狄格州 06520）
［摘要］为了解影响医疗保险使用的有关因素以及对于医疗费用支出的影响，课题组于2012年1～2月对全国45岁及以上人群进行了横断面调查，总样本为2
093名。统计分析显示，在调查前1年的时间里，有373名、1 308名和1
568名被调查者分别接受了住院治疗、门诊治疗和自我治疗。其中47名（12.6%）、697名（53.3%）和1
139名（72.6%）的被调查者分别在住院治疗、门诊治疗和自我治疗的时候没有使用保险。教育程度、职业、户口和居住区域会影响医疗保险的使用。在住院治疗和门诊治疗中，使用保险者的总医疗费用要显著高于没有使用保险的人，但医疗保险的使用并没有减少被保险人的净费用支出，多因素分析也没有发现医疗保险的使用对各类治疗的费用有影响。建议在医疗保险制度设计中提高医疗保险的使用率，提高医疗保险的有效性。
［关键词］医疗保险；使用；医疗费用；调查；中国
The Cross-Sectional Study of Health Insurance
Utilization
WANG Yu1,JIANG Yan1,WANG Xiaojun1,LI Yang1,MA Shuangge1,2
(1.RENMIN University of China (a) Center for Applied Statistics,(b) School of Statistics,Beijing 100872;2.Yale School of Public Health,Connecticut 06520)
Abstract：Our goal is to identify subjects’
characteristics associated with insurance utilization and the
association between utilization and medical expenditure.A
cross-sectional survey was conducted in January and February of
2012.2093 middle-aged and elderly subjects (45 years old and above)
were surveyed.The results showed that in the past 12
months,373,1308 and 1568 subjects had inpatient
treatment,outpatient treatment and self-treatment
respectively.Heath insurance was not utilized for 12.6%
(inpatient),53.3% (outpatient),and 72.6% (self-treatment) of
disease episodes.Among them 47 subjects（12.6%）,697
subjects（53.3%）and 1139 subjects（72.6%）didn’t use health insurance
for inpatient,outpatient or self-treatment.Education
level,occupation,Hukou and region were associated with insurance
utilization.Inpatient treatment expenditure and outpatient
treatment expenditure among interviewees using health insurance
were more expensive than those not using health insurance.But the
out-of-pocket cost wasn’t reduced by the usage of health
insurance.In the multivariate analysis,insurance utilization was
not significantly associated with various treatment.Utilization of
health insurance may need to be improved and policy intervention is
needed to further improve the effectiveness of health
insurance.
Key words：health insurance;utilization;medical
expenditure;survey;China
王晓军在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
Lee-Carter模型在中国城市人口死亡率预测中的应用与改进
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