骨关节炎又叫老年性关节炎、退行性关节炎，实际上并非炎症，主要为退行性变，属关节提前老化，特别是关节软骨的老化。它代表着关节的衰老，故称之为老年性关节炎。中老年人常见上下楼时关节疼痛，下肢放射性疼痛，膝关节酸疼、肿胀，行走困难，久坐蹲下站起腰腿僵硬，使不上劲，双腿不听使唤——“打软腿”，早上关节“僵硬”发麻，近期关节持续反复疼痛……这些都是骨关节炎的临床表现。我国40岁以上人群原发性骨关节病患病率为46。3%。关节退变是不可避免的，但我们日常中的不当行为也可能加重关节的退变。

　　1、长期的关节劳损：慢性劳损如关节负荷过重，是关节退变的最常见原因。关节面上长期承受过大的负荷，如长期背负重物使髋、膝关节劳损;或者关节上承受不大但很有害的应力，如剪切应力，也很容易导致软骨磨损退变。

　　2、关节的急性损伤：急性创伤致关节内骨折、脱位，如股骨头骨折、胫骨平台骨折等，骨折难以完全复位或复位不佳，导致关节面不对称和关节畸形，可引起软骨的增生修复失常，关节的退行性变;关节面畸形，如髋关节可因骨骺滑脱而发生脱位，在膝关节发生膝内外翻，使应力传达异常，也可使关节受损。

　　3、先天性疾病失于治疗：先天性髋脱位、膝关节内翻和外翻(罗圈腿)等，这些畸形使人体失去正常的负荷力线，关节承受过大的应力，导致关节早期退变;同时关节软骨失去正常关节的覆盖和营养，导致早期退变。

　　4、体重过重：肥胖可能引起骨关节疾病，多发生在可活动的关节，如膝关节，其次可影响髋关节及手指关节等。骨性关节炎在肥胖妇女中比肥胖男性中发生率要高。对一组中年妇女的研究表明，肥胖者患双膝骨性关节炎的危险性比普通妇女高18倍!减肥是否能改善已经出现的骨性关节炎，目前还不能肯定，然而减肥肯定可以预防骨性关节炎的发生。有一项研究表明，10年内减肥5公斤，可以使骨性关节炎的发病危险降低50%。

　　5、不正确的体育锻炼：不合适的体育锻炼都会加剧关节的损坏，如长期的爬山、爬楼梯都是不适合的运动。在爬山、奔跑运动中，作用在髋关节上要承受的应力是体重的10倍，而平时步行时髋关节的应力是体重的3～5倍。

　　6、其他骨关节疾病治疗不当：如类风湿性关节病、牛皮癣性关节炎、代谢紊乱性疾病等治疗不力，也是造成局部关节退变，骨关节炎形成的常见原因。

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