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中文注释　　English

　

　　王安石（1021－1086），字介甫，号半山老人，北宋大琡家，当过宰相，在褆宗皇帝支持下实行过改革，历史上叫做“王安石变法”。王安石又是文学家，诗和散文都写得很好。他十分注重修辞，据说，他的名句“春风又绿江南岸”经过几十次修改才选定“绿”字，千百年来传为美谈。

　　①湖阴先生——杨德逢，王安石在金陵（南京）的邻居。

　　②长——同“常”，经常。

　　③静——同“净”，洁净。

　　④畦——田园中划分成的小区。

　　⑤排闼——猛地推开六。

　　北宋大政治家王安石，晚年闲居在南京紫金山麓的半山园，常跟附近居民来往，相处得很友好，很亲密，湖阴先生杨德逢，便是其中的一位。这一年夏初时节，诗人又来湖阴先生家作客，对这里的环境景色十分欣赏，随口吟成这首绝句，应主人请求题写在当院墙壁上。

　　诗的前两句描写院内景物：几间简朴的茅舍，由于经常打扫，檐洁壁净，没有苔藓生长的余地；一畦一畦的花木，装点着小小庭院，井井有条，全出自主人的亲手栽培。后两句描写门外山水：一条快活的溪水，环绕着大片碧绿的禾苗，俨然是稻田的守护者；两卒多情的山峰，不待邀请就推门而入，把青青的秀色送入眼帘。茅檐，花木，近水远山，诗人的视线步步延展开去，联成一幅田园山水画屏，写出湖阴先生院落的整洁幽雅和周转景色的优美可人。

　　描写居住环境，目的是赞美主人的品格。试想，茅舍清扫得洁净无苔，花木培植得井然有序，岂不是衬托着湖阴先生高雅爱美的生活趣味？门前溪水对和田的殷勤护卫，远处青山对主人的慷慨馈赠，不也反映着湖阴生活与大自然的和谐关系吗？

　　当然，描写环境景物，赞美环境景物，赞美主人品格，归根结底还是抒写诗人自己的思想情操，表达诗人退休闲居的恬淡心境和从田园山水、从与平民交往中所领略到的无穷乐趣。

　　Wang Anshi (1021-1086) was a writer and politician of the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang was a famous Prime Minister of his time. In his old age, he lived in a residence on the foot of Zijin Mountain, in Nanjing, now capital of Jiangsu Province. Wang maintained a good and close relationship with his neighbours, and they often visited one another. One day in early Spring, Wang called on a friend again. Inspired by the beautiful views he saw there, he chanted this poem. At the request of his friend, Wang later wrote his verses down on the wall of the courtyard.

　　Wang expressed in this poem: As a result of frequent thorough cleaning, the simple rooms in this hatched cottage were so clean that mosses found not place to grow. The tress and flowers cultivated by my friend were growing well, decorating the small courtyard. Looking beyond the cottage, he saw a merry stream was circling a large piece of green paddy field as if it was standing on guard for the young rice plants. Two distant hills unfolded their beauty just before the doorway of the cottage as if they were escorts for the charming scene of jade-blue.

　　This poem shows an easy and leisure life which Wang led after his retirement from the official post, and the pleasure and happiness which he enjoyed in his contacts with the ordinary people.