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中文注释　　English

　

    林则徐（1785－1850），字元抚，清代政治家，鸦片战争时期主战派的代表。他在广东主持查禁鸦片，领导军民击退英国侵略军的进攻，却被卖国政府撤职，发配新疆伊犁。《塞外杂咏》写在他赴伊犁途中。

    ①天山――我国最大的山脉之一，在新疆维吾尔自治区中部，东西走向。

    ②笏――封建时代大臣上朝拿的手板，用象牙、玉石或竹片制成，可以在上面记事。

    ③琼瑶――美玉。

    ④寂寥――内心感到凄凉、冷落。  

    ⑤山灵――山神。

    新疆位于祖国的大西北，伊犁又处在新疆的西北方。诗人，这位保卫东南海防、声震中外的反侵略英雄，却因功获罪，被发配到西北更西北的伊犁去，迢迢万里，戴罪而行，途中心境用“寂寥”来形容，实在是很节制的。

    多亏进入新疆不久，便遇到殷勤好客的主人――天山群峰。那一座座峰峦拔地擎天，满头积雪，好似千万笏板，全由晶莹的美玉雕成。或许出于对英雄的崇敬吧，前峰刚刚送过，后峰马上迎来，它们一路充当旅伴和向导，给了诗人极大的安慰。天山的盛情，触发了诗人的幻想和幽默，眼前显现出一位白发白顺的老者，搔搔自己头上白发，也以笑相答：您和我的满头白雪，都是很难消解的啊！

    同是满头白雪，来历却不相同。在山神是因为天山太高，山头太冷°诗人则是忧国忧民之心太重的缘故。“白发三千丈，缘悉似个长”，大诗人李白不是早就这样感叹过吗？

    请注意欣赏诗的首句――“天山万笏耸琼瑶”，这个比喻，不仅生动地刻画了天山群峰的雄姿，而且微妙地传达了诗人的心事：看到雪峰，想起玉笏，说明诗人身在天山，心在朝廷，他时时盼望着有一天重新持笏上朝，参与关系国家民族命运的决策。

   Lin Zexu (1785－1850) was an outstanding politician of the Qing Dynasty. During the first Opium War (1840－1842),he was the leader of Qing officials in favour of war against opium traders. He banned the opium trade in Guang Dong Province and led army men and civilians in defeating attacks launched by British invaders. However, he was dismissed from office by the traitorous Qing government and set to exile in Xinjiang. This poem was composed at Yili on his way to the place of exile.

    Xinjiang is situated in the northwest of China and Yili is located in the northwestern part of Xinjiang. While travelling in Xinjiang, Lin noticed along the route snow-clad precipitous peaks of the Tianshan Mountain like sculptures of beautiful jade. The endless line of mountain peaks served as companions and guides for the lonesome traveller, offering some comfort to his miser able mind. The beautiful landscape inspired the poet’s imagination and humour. Looking at the snow-covered peaks, he got an illusion that a gray-haired old man with a sad smile on his kind face was appearing before his eyes. Oh! This was God of Tianshan Mountain. Touching his own gray hair, Lin looked up to the old man, returning a miserable smile. He said humorously, your snow-white hair and my could never be changed.

    Here the artistic expression of gray hair implies two different things. As for the God, because the Tianshan Mountain was too high, the snow on the mountain would never melt, So the gray hair of the God, or rather, the snow on the peaks is a natural result. As for lin, because he was too heavily burdened by worries for the fate of the nation and its people, all his hair had turned gray. The second is the result of none other than politi cal persecution.