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中文注释　　English

　

　

    卢纶（748－约800），字允言，唐代诗人，“大历（唐代宗年号）十才子”之一。他有军中生活经验，描写边境战争的作品写得真切生动。

    ①塞下曲――古代歌曲名。这类作品多是描写边境风光和战争生活的。

    ②惊风――突然被风吹动。

    ③引弓――拉弓，开弓，这里包含下一步的射箭。

    ④平明――天刚亮的时候。

    ⑤白羽――箭杆后部的白色羽毛，这里指箭。

    ⑥没――陷入，这里是钻进的意思。

    ⑦石棱――石头的边角。

   这首边塞小诗，写一位将军猎虎的故事，取材于西汉只学家司马迁记载当时名将李广事迹的《李将军列传》。原文是：“广出猎，见草中石，以为虎而射之中，中（zhòng）石没镞（箭头），视之，石也。”

        诗的前两句写事件的发生：深夜，山林里一片昏暗，突然狂风大作，草丛被乔得刷啦啦起伏抖动；蛙人起落处津津乐道恍恍惚惚有一头白虎扑来。这时，将军正从林边驰马而过，他眼急手快，拉满弓一箭射出… …

        后两句写事件的结果是：第二天清晨，将军记起昨晚林间的事，顺原路来到现场，他不禁大吃一惊：明亮的晨光中，分明看见被他射中的原来不是老虎，而是一座巨石。恐惧感默然蹲在那里，那枝白羽箭竟深深钻进石棱里去了！请注意箭射入的部位，不是石孔，不是石缝，也不是石面，而是窄细的尖突的石棱――这需要多大的臂力，多高的武艺啊！

    有人要问，将军射老虎，干吗不汉时就看结果，还要等第二天早晨？原来的故事并没说第二天才知道射中的是石头呀！这，就是诗人的艺术处理了。第一，这样可以表现将军的自信，从来是百发百中，这一次还怕它死不了跑掉吗？第二，可以增加形象的直观性，让人看得更清楚些，如果是当夜就看，固然也能发现是一场误会，但很难取得现在这样的画面一般的鲜明效果。

    诗，最注重含蓄，最讲究意在言外。看到诗中箭入石的描写，我们会油然联想：如果射中的真是老虎将会射成什么样子？如果在战场上射击敌军兵马呢？于是，一位武艺高强、英勇善战的将军形象，便盘马弯弓、巍然屹立在我们眼前了。

    司马迁的齐心协力本来就够简洁、生动的了，经过诗人的刻画、渲染，越发形象，传神，耐人寻味。

    Lu Lun (748－about 800) was a poet of the Tang Dynasty, widely praised as one of the “ten talented poets” during the reign of Emperor Daizhong. Experienced in military service, his poems gives a true and vivid expression of border wars in north ern China.

    The poem retells with some artistic revisions the story based on the article about General Li Guang written by Sima Qian, a renowned historian of the Western Han Dynasty.

    “the woods are black and a wind assails the grasses, / Yet the general tries night archery-- / And nest morning he finds his white-plumed arrow / Pointed deep in the hard rock.”

    This is a story about General Li Guang hunting a tiger. The first two lines describe what happened during a dark night. Hills and woods were obscure in the dusk of the night. Suddenly grasses started rustling with gusts of fierce wind, The General galloping along the verge of the woods noticed a movement in a thick growth of grass as if a white tiger were to spring on him. Swiftly the General shot an arrow at the target.

    The last two lines show what he saw early next morning. To his surprise, he found it was a big hard rock instead of a tiger that bad been hit by his arrow the night before, and his white-plumed arrow sunk deeply in the rock.

    One may ask why the General waited until next morning to see the result. This poetic presentation has been based on two con siderations. One the General who shot with unfailing accuracy was so confident that he belicved the tiger could not escape from his deadly arrow. There fore, he was not in a hurry to see what had been shot .Second, the General could if he wished go into the woods to find out what happened, and then realized the mistake. However, the poetic effects would be less impressive than what he would see next morning.

    An important feature of Chinese poetry is poetic implications. The poem let us imagine what would happen if the general was shooting at a real tiger that night or shooting enemies in a combat, It implies that a strong and heroic general who shoots with deadly accuracy is always invisible in combat.