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中文注释　　English

　　申涵光（1619-1677），号袅盟，清代诗人。

　　①明湖——大明湖，在山东济南市。
　　②女墙——城上短墙。
　　③杪——树梢。
　　④历下——济南旧称。

　　深秋时节，诗人泛舟游览济南大明湖。城头女墙的倒影映在水中，在水底蓝天的衬托下，历历可数；杨柳依依的岸边，石拱桥高出树顶，宛如飞过天边的一道长虹。最使人动情的，是那南征的秋雁，它们结队成行从北方飞来，一声声呼唤着，应答着，飞过大明湖的上空。啊，济南城里，居民十万多户，入秋以来全都处在雁叫声中了！

　　大明湖上，风光多么优美，济南城中的雁声又多么富有诗情啊！但是，亲爱的读者，如果你从诗中所领略到的只是这样的诗情画意，那就大大辜负诗人的苦心了！原因呢，就在对“雁声”这个词儿的理解上面。《诗经·鸿雁》中说：“鸿雁于飞，哀呜嗷嗷。”是流浪难民用来自比的。“哀鸿遍野”这个成语便从此而来。“历下人家十万户，秋来都在雁声中”，也是含蓄抒写天灾人祸所造成的千家贫困万哀号的惨象的。诗人用大明湖的美丽景色来反衬济南百姓的苦难，从而抒写了对天下不幸人民的深厚同情。

　　这样，回头重读第一句，那个“寒”字，也就不限于湖上天空和它的水中倒影，而是寒到诗人心底去了。

  Shen Hanguang(1619-1677)was a poet of the early Qing Dynasty.This poem was written in late Autumn when the poet was boating on the Daming Lake in Jinan City,Shandong Province.

  While boating on the Lake,the poet could see the reflections of the battlements of the city wall on the clear water surface under the blue sky,and a stone arch bridge linking the willow-lined Lake banks like a flying rainbow.What caught the attention of the battlements of the city wall on the clear water surface the blue sky,and a stone arch bridge linking the willow-lined Lake banks like a flying rainbow.What caught the attention of the poet most was the wild geese flying over the lake towards south.Oh,hundreds of thousands of families in this city could hear since Autumn the cries of wild geese everywhere!

  You would be mistaken if you think this is another simple verse about a beautiful lake.In the old days,some poets often compared refugees to wild geese which moved from one place to another all the time and used the cries of these wild birds to symbolize sorrowful cries of the poor people.What the poet intended to do was to imply in a poetic way the suffering of the people in Jinan City against the background of the beautiful scenery of the lake.Such a sharp contrast has made a deeper impression readers.