定语从句之六：关系代词：as

 

    在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as）或关系副词（when, where, why, how），它们在从句中必须作成分，现归纳总结如下：

 

六、关系代词 as 的用法：

 

要点：既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句，连词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，

      具体如下：

 

一．引导限制性定语从句，当先行词与 as, so, such, the same 连用或先行词本身就是 such, the

    same 时，连词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，如：

 

1：先行词与 as 连用：

1).That's as good a place as I can find.

   这是我能找到的好朋友。

2).Take as many jewels as you want.

   你要多少宝石就拿多少。

3).I read as many pages as are required.

   需要读多少页我就读多少页。

4).She'll give you as much advice as it needed.

   她将给你所要的劝告。

 

2：先行词与 so 连用：

1).Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

   这儿有块大石头，无人可举得起。

2).He is so diligent a man as ever lived.

   他是一个从未有过的用功的人。

3).Here is so heavy a box as can be lifted by nobody.

   这里有一个没人能搬得动的重箱子。

 

3：先行词与 such 连用：

1).I don't like such a man as often drinks too much.

   我不喜欢常常喝酒喝得太多的人。

2).He was such a good listener as every teller would like to have.

   他是个善于倾听的人，每个讲演者都希望有象他那样的人。

3).He is not such a man as thinks of only himself.

   他不是一个只想到自己的人。

4).Don't read such books as you can't understand.

   不要读你不可能懂的书。

5).Such questions as are often asked by schoolblys are almost interesting.

   学生常问的这样一些问题大都有趣。

6).He'll repeat such points as are discussed in the book.

   他要重复书上讨论过的这些论点。

7).Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.

   让孩子们读能使他变好变聪明的书。

8).Nobody has such beautiful necklaces as I have.

   没有人有我这么好的项链。

9).Such men as called on him praised him.

   访问过他的那些人都表扬他。

10).I have never seen such a lazy man as you.

    我从未见过象你那样懒的人。

11).The instrucment is not such (an instrument) as I saw on the exhibition.

    这个仪器与我在展览会见到的不一样。

12).There are some books on the shelf. I will lend you such (books) as belong to me.

    书架上有些书。我将把属于我的那些书借给你。

13).I have never heard such funny stories as he told.

    我从没有好像他所讲的那些有趣的故事。

 

4：先行词与 the same 连用：

1).This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.

   这是我昨天借给你的那种书。

2).The middle school student is not the same man as he was before.

   这个中学生不象以前那个人了。

3).I feel just the same as you do.

   我们和你们感觉的一样。

4).I should like to use the same knife as was used yesterday.

   我喜欢使用昨天用的那种小刀。

5).That is the same one as I showed you the other day.

   这与我前几天给你看的那个相同。

6).He is about the same age as you.

   他和你的年龄差不多。

7).They like the same food as bees (like).

   他们喜欢的食物和蜜蜂喜欢的一样。

8).I have the same opinion as you (have).

   我和你的意见一样。

9).I had the same experience as you had.

   我跟你有相同的经历。

10.No one thought that such an accident as had occurred would happen.

   谁也没想到会发生像这样的事故。

 

 

二．引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，其引导的从句位置可以位于句首、句中或句末，

    并从句中作主语、宾语或表语，（有时可换成which），如：

 

1．和 which 用法相同，常可互换：

1).She failed in the exam, which/as was natural.

   她考试没及格，这很自然。

2).He is an honest boy, which/as anybody can see.

   任何人都能看得出来，他是一个诚实的孩子。

3).The man seemed a German, which/as in fact he was.

   那个人看似一个德国人，事实上他就是德国人。

4).He married her, which/as was natural.

   他和她结婚，这很自然。

 

2．但在下列情况下一般不能互换：

 

A：从句位于主句之前，只能用 as：

1).As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

   众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

2).As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

   我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十多。

 

B：从句位于主句句中，只能用 as：

1).Money, as someone once said, is the root of all evils.

   正如有人说过的那样，金钱是万恶之源。

2).This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date.

   众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。

 

C：在从句中作主语，谓语是主动语态，常用 which

1).He tore up my photo, which upset me.

   他把我的照片撕掉，这使我很不满。

2).He said nothing, which made her angry.

   他什么也没说，这使她很生气。

3).He got 100 marks, which made his parents happy.

   他得了一百分，那件事是他父母非常高兴。

4).It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.

   昨天雨下得很大，使我无法去公园。

5).He is from America, which I know from his accent.

   他是美国人，这一点我是从他的口音得知的。

6).Kate always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.

   凯特总是说谎，这让她父母感到奇怪。

 

D：在从句中作主语，谓语是被动语态，常用 as

1).Taiwan is a part of China, as is known to all.

   众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

2).She has been late again, as was expected.

   她又迟到了，这在预料之中。

3).The lady is very learned, as is describerd in this book.

   这位夫人很有学问，正如书中所描写的那样。

4).Here are some mistakes in his homework, as has been already pointed out.

   正如已经指出的那样，他的作业中有些错误。

5).He is a teacher, as can be seen from his manner.

   他个教师，这一点从他的举止上可以看出来。

 

E．当表示“正好……”，“就象……”，由……而知“等含义时，连词用 as：

1).He didn't come, as I had expected.

   正如我所预料的那样，他没有来。

2).He was late for school, as is often the case.

   他又像贯穿一样迟到了。

3).She is very careful, as her work shows.

   她很仔细，正如她在工作中表现的那样。

4).He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.

   正如我从他的口音上得知的一样，他是个外国人。

5).Jack has won the first prize, as often happens.

   像往常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。

 

F：当从句和主句语义一致时用 which，反之用 as

1).The thief came again, as was expected.

   小偷有一次来了，这是预料之中的。（语义一致）

2).The elephant is like a snake, which is not right.

   大象像一条蛇，这是不对的。（语义不一致）

3).This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

   正如任何人能看见的一样，大象象一条蛇。（语义不一致）

 

G．修饰先行词是主句的谓语部分，连词用 which，如：

1).He can swim in the river, which I cannot.

   他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。

 

 

辨析：as 和 which

 

一、在限制性定语从句中：

 

1．先行词与 as, so, such, the same 连用或先行词本身就是 such, the same 时，连词用 as，

   并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，如：

1).That's as good a place as I can find.

   这是我能找到的好朋友。

2).Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

   这儿有块大石头，无人可举得起。

3).I don't like such a man as often drinks too much.

   我不喜欢常常喝酒喝得太多的人。

4).This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.

   这是我昨天借给你的那种书。

5).I feel just the same as you do.

   我们和你们感觉的一样。

 

2．修饰先行词是表示物的名词或代词，连词用which，并在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，连词可以省略

  （但作介词的宾语且介词提前时，不能省略)，如：

1).She was not on the train which arrived just now.

   她不在刚刚到达的火车上。

2).The watch (which) you gave me keeps good time.

   你送给我的表走得很准。

3).This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.

   这就是我去上海所乘坐的船。

 

 

二、非限制性定语从句中：

 

1．当先行词为一个名词时，连词用which，在从句中作主语或宾语，连词不能省略，如：

1).Now I live in a building, which was built last year.

   现在我住在一个大楼里，这大楼是去年建造的。

2).My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

   我的房子有个漂亮的花园，这房子是我去年买的。

 

2．当先行词为整个主句时，连词可用 as 和 which，常可互换，如：

1).She failed in the exam, which/as was natural.

   她考试没及格，这很自然。

2).He is an honest boy, which/as anybody can see.

   任何人都能看得出来，他是一个诚实的孩子。

 

3．当先行词为整个主句时，从句位于主句之前或主句句中，只能用 as，如：

1).As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

   众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

2).This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date.

   众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。

 

4：当先行词为整个主句时，在从句中作主语，谓语是主动语态，常用 which，如：

1).He tore up my photo, which upset me.

   他把我的照片撕掉，这使我很不满。

2).He said nothing, which made her angry.

   他什么也没说，这使她很生气。

 

5：当先行词为整个主句时，在从句中作主语，谓语是被动语态，常用 as，如：

1).Taiwan is a part of China, as is known to all.

   众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

2).She has been late again, as was expected.

   她又迟到了，这在预料之中。

 

6．当表示“正好……”，“就象……”，由……而知“等含义时，连词用as，如：

1).He didn't come, as I had expected.

   正如我所预料的那样，他没有来。

2).He was late for school, as is often the case.

   他又像贯穿一样迟到了。

 

7：当从句和主句语义一致时用 which，反之用 as

1).The thief came again, as was expected.

   小偷有一次来了，这是预料之中的。（语义一致）

2).The elephant is like a snake, which is not right.

   大象像一条蛇，这是不对的。（语义不一致）

 

8．修饰先行词是主句的谓语部分，连词用 which，如：

1).He can swim in the river, which I cannot.

   他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。