程阳：北美彩票术语规范
Glossary of
Lottery Terms in the North Amercia
【Agent】A retail outlet for
lottery tickets.
【Annuity】 A prize paid out in
installments, typically over 20 or 25 years. (See also "cash
option.")
【Box bet】 A numbers game wager
where the player selects numbers without regard to the order in
which they are drawn. For example, if the numbers "1,2,3" are
drawn, the combinations "1,2,3", "1,3,2", "2,1,3", "2,3,1",
"3,1,2", and "3,2,1" all win under a box bet. (See "straight
bet.")
【Breakopen】 An instant-win
ticket on which the player tears open a flap to see if the ticket
is a winner. Also called pulltabs. Breakopens are often sold by
charities and occasionally by state
lotteries.
【Cash lotto】 A lotto game
awarded as a lump-sum cash payment. Cash lotto games typically have
a smaller top prize than large jackpot games, more favorable odds
of winning that top prize, and require players to select fewer
numbers out of a smaller field. Examples include Florida's Fantasy
5 and Indiana's Lucky
5.
【Cash option】 A large jackpot
that the winner elects to receive as a lump sum cash payment rather
than an annuity. (See
"annuity.")
【Commission】 The fee paid to
retail outlets for selling lottery tickets. Commissions in North
America typically range between 5 percent and 6 percent of the
price of the
ticket.
【Daily game】 This can refer to
any game where winners are determined once a day, but usually
refers to a numbers game such as the "Daily 3" or "Daily 4" games
played in many
states.
【4-Digit game】 A numbers game
played with four digits between 0 and 9. Numbers may be
repeated.
【Handle】 The sum of all money
wagered at a video lottery terminal. See also "net machine
income."
【Instant game】 A lottery
ticket that requires the player to remove a latex coating to
determine if the ticket is a winner. Also called "scratch-off game"
or "scratcher."
【Jackpot】 The top prize for a
lotto game. Jackpots are usually parimutuel. If not won in the next
drawing, they "roll" to the next drawing and increase in
size.
【Keno】 A lotto game in which a
set of numbers (typically 20) is selected from a large field of
numbers (typically 80). Players select a smaller set of numbers (up
to 10) and are awarded prizes based on how many of their numbers
match those in the drawn set. Players have discretion over how many
numbers to select, and can choose to play for a small prize with
good odds (by selecting a small set of numbers such as three), a
large prize with much greater odds (by selecting a large set of
numbers such as 10) or combinations in between. In casinos, and
with several lotteries, keno is played at frequent intervals, with
drawings as close together as every five minutes. With other
lotteries, keno is played as a daily or weekly game. Among the
government lotteries offering keno are Massachusetts and
Michigan.
【Lotto】 A game where players
select a group of numbers from a large set and are awarded prizes
based on how many match a second set chosen by a random drawing. In
a typical lotto game, a player might be asked to select six numbers
from a set of 49. At a predetermined time six numbers are randomly
selected by the lottery. The player wins a major prize if all six
of their numbers match those chosen in the random drawing. The
player wins smaller prizes for matching three, four, or five of the
drawn numbers. Examples of lotto games include Powerball and Mega
Millions, each played in a number of U.S. jurisdictions, and
Canada's Lotto 6/49. Some form of lotto is played in every North
American lottery
jurisdiction.
【Net machine income】 The money
played at a video lottery terminal ("handle") minus the prizes won
at that terminal.
【Numbers game】 This term can
be used for any lottery game where winners are determined by a
random selection of numbers. However, it is often used more
specifically for a game where a player selects three or four digits
(0 to 9) and matches them with a similar set selected at random by
the lottery. The player can select several different types of
wagers with payoffs varying accordingly. For example, players
making a "straight" bet will win $500 on a $1 bet if their three
digits match the three digits selected by the lottery in the same
order. Some form of numbers game is played in 31 of the 38 U.S.
lottery jurisdictions and four of the five Canadian
lotteries.
【Off-line game】 A game that
does not require the use of a computer terminal for purchase.
Instant and passive games are examples of off-line
games.
【Online game】 A game where
tickets are purchased through a network of computer terminals
located at retail outlets. The terminals are linked to a central
computer that records the wagers. Examples of online games include
lotto, keno and numbers
games.
【Passive game】 A lottery game
similar to a raffle where a player buys a ticket with preprinted
numbers. The lottery later randomly draws numbers that are compared
to the players' tickets to determine the
outcomes.
【Pulltab】 See
"breakopen."
【Quick pick】 A method for
playing numbers or online games where players choose to have a
computer randomly select their numbers rather than picking the
numbers
themselves.
【Rollover】 An event that
occurs when an online game jackpot is not won. The jackpot thus
"rolls over" to the next drawing, resulting in a higher jackpot for
that drawing.
【Scratch-off game】 See
"instant game."
【Spiel】 An add-on feature to a
lotto game. For an additional fee an extra set of numbers
(typically four to six numbers) is printed on the bottom of a
ticket. Players win by matching one or more of these numbers to
those selected in a random drawing. Spiel games are found
throughout Canada but are not yet common in the United States.
Examples of spiel games include Atlantic Canada's TAG, Quebec's
Extra, and Ohio's
Kicker.
【Sports lottery】 Games where
outcomes are determined by the results of sports events. Sports
lotteries are the most popular lottery games in much of the world
(where they are frequently called "toto" or "football pools") but
have not achieved this level of popularity in North America. They
are offered throughout Canada but in the United States are only
sold in Delaware and
Oregon.
【Straight bet】 A form of
betting on a numbers game where the player attempts to match both
the numbers drawn and the order in which they are selected. For
example, if the numbers "1,2,3" are selected in a three-digit game,
a ticket bearing "1,2,3" will win but a ticket bearing "2,1,3" will
not. (See "box
bet.")
【Terminal】 A computerized
device located at a lottery retailer that is used to sell online
games and to validate winning tickets of online and instant games.
Terminals are connected to a lottery's central computers by phone
line.
【3-digit game】 A numbers game
in which three digits between 0 and 9 are selected. Numbers may be
repeated.
【Toto】 See "sports
lottery."
【Video Lottery Terminal (VLT)】
Electronic games of chance played on a video screen. They often
simulate popular casino games such as blackjack, poker, or
spinning-reel slot machines. Unlike slot machines, video lottery
terminals do not dispense money. Rather, a winning player is
provided a ticket that is redeemed by the retailer for
prizes.
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