中考英语句子改写题复习说明

一、句子改写题的题型特点

句子改写是考查学生句型方面知识的题型，即从语法规则上考查学生对基本句型的理解、掌握和运用，它包括句型转换(即将一个或几个英语句子按一定的要求，改写成能够表达其他各种不同意思和语气的句子，如肯定句与否定句的转换，陈述句与疑问句的转换，陈述句与感叹句的转换，主动语态与被动语态的转换等)和同义句改写(在保留原句句意基本不变的情况下，把整个句子结构或句子中的某些成分加以变换)。句子改写也是中考命题的一个重要题型，它不仅考查学生对英语语法的基础知识和基本技能，而且考查学生分析、判断、辨别、迁移等综合运用能力以及用不同表达方式表述相同和相近意思的能力。

二、句子改写题的解题方法

在做句子改写题时，首先要弄清所给句子的句式结构、句子转换的要求、试题填空部分与原句的对应关系，对两个句子相同部分不需理会，全力考虑的是需要转换的部分。

1. 认真阅读原句，弄清转换部分与原句的对应部分，对原句所表达的含义及句子结构、时态、语态、表达形式等要认真加以分析，弄清其言下之意，做到心中有数。

2. 根据所给的空格，确定同义的句式和恰当的词语。解题时应把原句与要改写的句子联系起来，抓住关键内容，灵活运用所学的知识。

3. 认真检查改写后的句子，注意检查所用的表达方式、时态、语态、词汇、结构等是否符合题目要求，意思是否与原句一致。

总之，同学们只要在平时的学习中善于归纳总结，弄清内在联系，理清思路，多思多练，定能提高解题的能力。

同义句变换备考方略

一、命题特点

同义句改写题是近几年中考的常考题型，通常的出题形式是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。

通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句改写题的分析，我们注意到中考同义句改写题具有以下的命题规律： 一方面，该题型主要考查考生对英语词汇、句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。其特点是涉及面广、语言点多、方式灵活，特别是对语言的准确性要求很高；另一方面，近几年来，随着新课程标准的出台，新教材的广泛使用，比较死的知识点的考查正被逐步淡化，以纯语言知识点进行填词的题目的数量正在减少，而旨在考查考生理解句子意思，实际运用英语能力的题目，比如根据句子意思分析填词这类题所占分值则逐年递增。

二、解题方法

众所周知，掌握良好的解题技巧是走向成功的关键性因素，那么在平时学习和应考过程中我们应特别地注意以下问题：

1. 善于积累和总结所学词汇以及句型结构，并不断进行练习以加强巩固，还要适当地加强对那些根据句子意思转换、同义词或词组转换、固定结构的转换等题型的训练与总结。切忌死记硬背词汇、句型和语法知识点，一定要将基础知识与语意的理解相结合，分析句子结构，灵活运用所掌握的知识技能，这样才能在考试中取得令人满意的成绩。

2. 认真阅读上句，理解句意，这样才好找出与下句对应的关系、对应的词语或句型。填词时一定要注意词形(如时态、单复数、比较等级等) 是否正确，上下两句的意思是否一致、句子结构是否恰当合适、是否满足空格字数的要求等。

 

句子改写题实例分析

1. Li Lei does his homework at seven. (改为否定句)

Li Lei ________ ________ his homework at seven.

【解析】此题的要求是改为否定句，原句是一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，句中的does是行为动词，所以第一空应填doesn’t；而第二空则把does还原成do。

2. His sister had lunch at school yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)

_________ his sister _________ lunch at school yesterday?

【解析】先弄清原句的时态，had和yesterday都可表明原句时态为一般过去时，所以改为一般疑问句时，须在主语前加助动词did，had还原成have。故正确答案为：Did, have

3. Lucy’s just come back from the USA. (改为反意疑问句)

Lucy’s just come back from the USA, ________ ________?

【解析】原句的时态为现在完成时，Lucy’s是Lucy has 的缩写形式，陈述部分是肯定形式，Lucy为女名，所以正确答案为：hasn’t she

4. He was very tired. He couldn’t do anything. (改为同义句)

He was ________ tired _________ do anything.

【解析】原句意为“他太累了，他什么也不能做。”把两句合并为一句时，根据所给的空格我们可用“too…to…(太……以致于不能……)”结构表达相同的意思。故答案为：too, to，但须注意此句不能用so…that 结构，除非把句子改为He was so tired that he couldn’t do anything.

5. It was windy yesterday. (对句子划线部分提问)

________ was the _________ like yesterday?

【解析】句中的划线部分windy是一个表天气状况的形容词，那么询问天气的句式是“What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)”。所以答案为：What, weather

6. He likes the book. So does she. (改为简单句，使句意不变)

________ he _______ she ________ the book.

【解析】原句意为“他喜欢这本书，她也是。”根据题目要求句意不变，那么我们可以说“他和她都喜欢这本书。”在英语中表达“两者都”可用Both…and …来表示。主语是并列主语，所以第三空为like。

7. Hurry up, or we’ll be late.(改为复合句)

________ we ________ hurry, we’ll be late.

【解析】原句是由并列连词or 引导的并列句，只须把祈使句Hurry up改为以if引导的条件状语从句即可。答案为：If, don’t

8. The film is very interesting. (改为感叹句)

________ ________ the film is!

【解析】感叹句的句式为How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语！或 What (a / an) + adj. + n. + 主语+ 谓语！根据所给的空格，应用第一种感叹句式。正确答案为：How interesting

9. The box was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it. (改为简单句)

The box was ________ heavy ________ her ________ carry.

【解析】so…that…句型是一个复合句，若that从句表示否定的，可用too…to结构改成一个简单句，但注意动词不定式的逻辑主语应在不定式前加for sb。故答案为：too, for, to

10. Is the earth round? The little boy asked. (合并为宾语从句)

The little boy asked ________ the earth ________ round.

【解析】一般疑问句作宾语从句时须加连接词if 或whether，当宾语从句表示客观真理或客观事实时，时态不随主句的时态而变化，仍然用一般现在时。故答案为：if / whether, is

11. Jim runs faster than any other boy in the class. (改为同义句)

Jim runs ______ _______ in his class.

【解析】原句意为“吉姆比班里其他任何男孩跑得快。”言外之意，吉姆是班里跑得最快的。此题是由比较级转换成最高级。故正确答案为：the fastest

12. Where did they grow vegetables? (改为被动语态)

Where ________ vegetables ________ ?

【解析】被动语态的结构为be + vt.p.p.(及物动词的过去分词)，原句时态为一般过去时，句子主语vegetables为复数，所以be用were，第二空用grow的过去分词grown。

13. The boy is very strong, and he can carry the heavy box. (合并为一句，使句意不变)

The boy is _________ _________ _________ carry the heavy box.

【解析】原句意为：这男孩非常有力，他能提起那个重盒子。合并为一句时，我们可用adj.(形容词) + enough to 或so + adj. + that从句来改写。根据所给的空格，故正确答案为：strong enough to. 但如果用so … that改写，句子应该是这样：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.

14. I don’t know when we shall leave for Nanjing. (改为简单句)

I don’t know when ______ ________ for Nanjing.

【解析】原句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，当主句谓语动词为know, decide等时，且宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句，我们可用疑问词+不定式来改写。故答案为：to leave

15. Li Lei received a letter from his parents yesterday. (改为同义句)

Li Lei ________ _________ his parents yesterday.

【解析】在英语中，往往一个句子有多种表达法，在平时的学习中同学们要尽可能地把一些词义在用法上相似的单词或短语组合起来，加深记忆，使之不易混淆。句中的received a letter from就相当于heard from。

中考英语同义句改写题专练

改写下列句子，使其与原句相同或相近，每空填一个英语单词。

1. She didn’t live in that village any more.

She ______ ______ lived in that village.

2. It’s time for breakfast.

It’s time ______ ______breakfast.

3. How much is this TV set？

What’s ______ ______ ______this TV set?

4. May I help you？

What ______I ______ ______ you？

5. This book is the most interesting of the four.

This book is ______ interesting ______ any of the other three.

6. “Don’t be late again, Tom,” the teacher said.

The teacher ______ Tom ______ ______ ______late again.

7. Emma doesn’t like music. Paul doesn’t like music, either.

______ Emma ______ Paul likes music.

8. Marry didn’t have her lunch and went to school in a hurry.

Marry ______ to school ______ breakfast.

9. "My brother doesn’t like coffee or tea," said Bob.

Bob said that______ brother liked ______coffee ______coke.

10. My TV set doesn’t work well. "

Something______ ______ ______my watch.

【答案与解析】

1. no longer。表示时间的“不再”，no longer=not…any longer=not…any more.注意no longer一般位于行为动词前be动词后，any longer和any more却要位于否定式的谓语(包括宾语)之后。

2. to, have。因为It’s time for sth=It’s time to do sth是该做某事的时候了。

3. the, price, of。两者都是问价钱的句型，此外，还可用What does this TV set cost?来询问价钱。

4. can, do, for。两者都是商店或餐馆的服务员等询问顾客是否需要某种服务的常用句型。

5. more, than。注意最高级与比较级之间的同义转换。

6. told, not, to, be。直接引语是祈使句，用tell sb (not) to do sth改为间接引语。注意：其中say (to)改为tell，don’t改为not to。

7. Nei­ther, nor。表示两者都不。

8. hurried, without。注意介词短语与动词的同义转换。又如：He went to Canada for (=to spend) his holiday.

9. his, neither, nor。直接引语改为间接引语时，第一人称的代词要改为与主句主语的人称相同，所以my改为his。

10. wrong, is, with。此句还可以说There is something wrong with my watch。

同义句变换·利用从句改写

即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：

1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week.

The man _________ gave us a talk last week _________ _________ with a lady.

【答案】who / that; is talking。定语从句who / that gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。

2. He didn’t want to miss the first bus, so he got up early.

He got up early _________ _________ he could catch the first bus.

【答案】so that。目的状语从句so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。

3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her.

David asked her _________ _________ _________ well last night.

【答案】if / whether she slept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。

4. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

_________ we _________ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

【答案】 If; don’ t。if 引导条件状语从句。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。

祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。

5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework.

John _________ to bed _________ he finished his homework.

【答案】didn’t; until。not…until表示“直到……才”的意思。

同义句变换·利用so do I改写

“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neither／nor ＋动词＋主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不……”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：

1. 动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；

2. 动词在时态上与前句呼应；

3. 动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；

4. 表示否定时，neither／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。

1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

Jim wants to go boating, and _________ _________ his parents.

【答案】so do。主语是复数his parents, 时态是一般现在时，助动词用do。

2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too.

I like playing tennis, _________ _________ he.

【答案】so does。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。

 

同义句变换·利用连词改写

(1. 运用关联连词(组) both...and, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。

1. Lucy can’t sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily can’t sing it, either.

_________ Lucy_________ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More.

【答案】Neither; nor。neither...nor表示 “(两者) 都不”。

2. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either.

_________ my father _________ my mother _________ a history teacher.

【答案】Neither; nor; is。neither …nor… 作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。

3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too.

_________ Alice_________ Sandy have seen the film twice.

【答案】Both; and。both…and 表示“(两者)都”。

4. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

This store sells _________ _________ men’s shoes _________ _________ men’s clothes.

【答案】not only; but also。not only...but also示“不仅……而且”之意。

同义句变换·利用介词短语改写

1. We have friends in the whole world.

Our friends are _________ _________ the world.

【答案】all over。固定词组all over表示“遍及”之意。

2. It’s a long time since we met last.

We haven’t seen each other _________ _________.

【答案】for long。for long意为“很长一段时间”。

3. He walks to school every day.

He goes to school _________ _________ every day.

【答案】on foot。固定词组on foot意为“步行”。

4. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry.

Tom _________ to school _________ breakfast.

【答案】went; without。介词without有“没有，不(带) ”之意。

5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum.

_________ _________ _________ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.

【答案】On my way。介词短语on one’s way to… 表示“在某人去……的路上”的意思。

 

同义句变换·利用不定式改写

1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well.

The foreigners want to know _________ _________ learn Chinese Kongfu well.

【答案】how to。不定式与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成不定式复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。

2. She was so weak that she couldn’t take care of her baby.

She was _________ weak _________ take care of her baby.

【答案】too; to。原句意思是：她身体太弱，不能照顾孩子。too…to … 句型表示“太……以致于(不能)……”之意。

3. She seems to be worried now.

_________ _________ that she _________ worried now.

【答案】It seems; is。固定句型 It seems / seemed that sb… 可替换成sb seems / seemed to …，表示“某人看起来……”。

4. He was so happy that he couldn’t say a word when he was told the news.

He was _________ happy _________ say a word when he was told the news.

【答案】too; to。too…to… 表示“太……而不能……”之意。

5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn’t skate on it.

The ice on the lake was not _________ enough _________people _________ _________ _________ it.

【答案】thick; for; to skate on。形容词或副词+enough +to do sth,意为“足够……以致于能够……”，用来替换“so…that+结果状语从句”。

6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind won’t blow the earth away.

In China we build the Great Green Wall _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ the earth away.

【答案】to stop the wind from blowing。不定式作目的状语。

同义句变换·利用时态改写

中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换而言的，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。如：

1. The film began 20 minutes ago.

The film has been _________ _________ 20 minutes.

【答案】on for。短暂动词begin，在此意为“(电影) 开始(放映、上演) ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin 改成be up。has been提示时态是现在完成时态， “for+时间段” 表示“持续(一段时间) ”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

2. Sam’s grandfather died 10 years ago.

Sam’s grandfather has been _________ _________ 10 years.

【答案】dead for。短暂动词die，意为“死亡”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词die改为be dead。

3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago.

My grandpa _________ _________ _________ the Party for thirty years.

【答案】has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加，加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。

4. I got up half an hour ago.

I _________ _________ up for half an hour.

【答案】have been。短暂动词get up，意为“起床”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将get up 改成be up。

5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school.

The students have _________ _________ this school for three years.

【答案】been in。与原句意思一致，“学生在这所学校里已3年了”。

 

同义句变换·利用语态改写

通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。如：

1. People grow rice in the south of China.

Rice_________ _________ in the south of China.

【答案】is grown。rice作主语，助动词用一般现在时的单数形式is。

2. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

Library books should        _________ _________ on time.

【答案】be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。

3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

Computers _________ widely _________ in the world today.

【答案】are; used。computers是复数名词作主语，助动词用are，且句子用被动语态。

4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs(分贝).

The noise level must _________ _________ under 50dbs.

【答案】be kept。被动句中含情态动词must，因此助动词用be。

5. Do they grow rice in autumn?

rice          in autumn?

【答案】Is; grown。不可数名词rice作主语, 助动词用单数is，一般疑问句的助动词置于句首。

6. We call maths the language of science.

Maths _________ _________ the language of science.

【答案】is called。主语maths虽然是以s结尾，但并不是名词的复数，因此助动词仍用单数is
同义句变换·利用反义词改写

用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：

1. The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.

Tom _________ a story-book _________ the boy just now.

【答案】borrowed; from。borrow…from意为“从……借来”；而lend…to意为“向……借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。

2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.

The factory is _________here. It’s only ten minutes’_________.

【答案】near; bike-ride。not far的意思是“不远，近”，可用形容词near与之转换。

3. I think music is less interesting than P.E.

I _________think music is _________interesting than P.E.

【答案】don’t; more。less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及……有趣”，与之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) ……更有趣”。 语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think 上。

4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.

The bike under the tree isn’t the _________ _________this one.

【答案】same as。the same as意为“与……相同”，而反义词组 be different from 意为“与……不同”。

同义句变换·利用同义词改写

用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：

1. They could see icebergs here and there.

They could see icebergs _________.

【答案】everywhere。everywhere与here and there都有“到处”之意。

2. Mrs Green always takes good care of the children in the school.

Mrs Green always _________ _________ the children well in the school.

【答案】looks after。take good care of 与look after…well都有“好好照顾”之意。

3. Lin Tao is good at physics.

Lin Tao_________ _________ in physics.

【答案】does well。be good at与do well in都有“在……(方面) 做得好，擅长于……”之意。

4. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.

He_________ F4_________ Backstreet Boys.

【答案】prefers, to。词组prefer A to B 意为“选择A(而不选择B)；比起 B 来，更喜欢A”。

5. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor right away.

Mother is ill. Send for a doctor _________ _________.

【答案】at once。right away与at once 都有“马上”之意。

6. They enjoyed themselves at the garden party.

They _________ _________ _________ _________ at the garden party.

【答案】had a good time。enjoy oneself同have a good time都有“玩得很高兴，愉快”之意。