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语法专项    状语从句                                                  

 考点三  原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that.

1.      because, since, as 和for  都可以表示“因为”

___________ 表示的语气最强，常用于回答疑问词“       ” 引导的疑问句。because从句一般位于主句__________。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用_________ 或__________。 for是_________ 连词，连接________ 句，它后面的分句为前面的分句提供一些解释、说明或证据。

1).I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我病了。

2).Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都在, 我们开始开会吧.

3).As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.

4). I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.   我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.

since, as常常放在___________,  for只能放在两个分句的_________. 

2.      seeing(that), now(that), considering(that) 的意思和用法相当于since.

3.      because 从句与 because of短语的转换

He can’t come ______ he is ill. = He can’t come ______ his illness.

他因病不能来。

I said nothing about it ___________ his wife was there.

= I said nothing about it ____________ his wife’s being there.

因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提

典型例题：

1).He didn't go to work __________ the heavy rain.  

A. because     B. because of       C. so          D. since

2).He didn't go to work ___________it rained heavily.

A. because     B. because of      C. so           D. since

 

考点四  目的状语从句和结果状语从句

1.      目的状语从句一般由in order that, so that来引导。二者都表示“以便、为了”

之意。此时，句中往往会用一些相关的情态动词来加以说明。例：

1) I’ll have to run fast ____________________ catch up with them in a short time.

我得快跑以便我能在短时间内赶上他们。

2) I opened the window ____________________fresh air could come in.

我把窗户打开以便新鲜空气可以进来。

3) _______________ you can prepare for it, we will tell you everything about it soon.

不久我们将会让你知道详情, 以便你能够做准备。

                                                                               

总结：in order that 比较正式，可以用在主句之_____,也可以用在主句之____。

so that 比较常用，一般只能放在主句_______.

2.目的状语从句也可以由for fear that & in case引导，它们的意思_____, _____。

后面的从句一般要用______语气，形式为“________ +_________”.  例:

He took his raincoat with him _____________________.他带上雨衣以防天下雨。

She explained again and again _________________.她再三解释以免我们误解她。

3.结果状语从句

1).由so…that…,  such…that…引导,常用结构为：

__________ +adj. / adv. + that               

__________ +adj. + a/an + 【C】单 + that

__________ + a/an ( + adj.) + 【C】单 + that

__________+ (adj.) +【C】复 + that

__________ + (adj.) + 【U】+ that

___________ + that

He spoke _______ fast _________ I couldn’t  follow him.他讲话太快，我跟不上。

It was ________ hot a day __________ we all went swimming. =

It was ________ a hot day _________ we all went swimming.  天气如此热，我们

都去游泳了。

The film was ________ moving ______　everyone was deeply moved.

The film was _______  _______everyone was deeply moved.电影如此精彩,观众被深深打动。

It was _______ a moving film _______ everyone was deeply moved.

It was _______ moving a film _______ everyone was deeply moved.

注意：________ + many (much / few / little) +n.

           _________ + a lot of (lots of ) + n.

2) so that,  that 都可以表示结果，so that 较常用。that 多用于口语中。

He didn’t study hard, ____________ he failed in the exam. 他没有用功学习，结果考试没及格。

I went late, __________ I didn’t get a good seat.我去晚了，结果没有找到好座位。

注意：so that可以引导目的状语从句， 也可以引导结果状语从句。

引导目的状语从句时，从句中往往使用 __________ 动词，引导结果状语从句时，多不用情态动词，而且从句前多有_________

专项练习

1. Please speak loudly __________ all of us can hear you.

A. so that 　　B. if 　　C. when 　　D. although

2. She was ________ tired _________ she could not walk any more.

A. very, that 　　B. such, that　 　C. so, that  　D. so, as

3. _________ catch the train, he ran fast.

A. In order that      B. In order to         C. So that       D. So as to

4. I went to school in a hurry _____ I wouldn't be late for class.

A. since 　　B. so that　  　C. as if　 　D. unless

5. The child was _______________ early in the morning.

A. enough excited to get up 　　　B. too excited to get up

C. so excited that he got up 　　 D. very excited, he got up

6. Bring it nearer ____________ I cannot see it clearly.

A. although 　　B. so that　 　C. because 　　D. since

7. It was ____________ that she couldn’t finish it by herself.

A. so difficult a work                  B. such a difficult work

C. so difficult work 　                D. such difficult work

8._______ you have no time, I have to ask someone else to play football.

A. So 　　B. Such 　　　C. So that 　　　D. Since

9. I arrived there _______ late _________ I didn't meet him.

A. too; to　 　B. such; that 　　C. so; that　　 D. so; as

10. It is __________ hot in the room __________ we have to use the fans.

A. such; that　　B. so; that　　C. as; as 　　D. such; as

 

考点五  条件状语从句

1. if & unless

if 表示正面的条件，意思为_______, unless 表示反向的条件，意思为________.

1). If he works hard, he will be successful. 译:_____________________________

2).The sports meet will begin tomorrow ____________________.运动会明天开始，除非天下雨。

3).I won’t attend the party ___________________________. 除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会的。

 

注意：1).主句常用______________时态，从句常用常用___________时态。

 2).当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，并且从句中有be时,从句中的主语和be动词可以_____________

2. providing, provided(that), supposing, suppose(that), as long as, so long as, 

on condition that,  & in case

这些连词（词组）意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……条件下”等意思。

I will attend the party as long as they invite me. 译:__________________________

You may borrow the book, on condition that you don’t lend it to others.译:________

In case it rains tomorrow, we won’t go outing. 译:___________________________

 

3.only if & if only

only if 引导的从句用__________ 语气，意思为 ____________;

if only 引导的从句要用 __________ 语气，意思为 ____________

Only if you study hard, you will pass the exam. 译: ___________________________

If only we had arrived in time yesterday, we would not have missed the train. 

译: ________________________________________________

If only I were younger. 译: _____________________________

____________________________________. 我要是现在有很多钱就好了。

 

考点六  让步状语从句

1.       though, although, even if, even though

1).这四个词（词组）都有 ________, _________, _________ 的意思，_________ 和 _________ 带有强调的意味，语气教强；_______和________ 语气教弱，________还可以用于倒装结构。另外，though还可以用作adv. 意思为“还是，然而”，一般放在句末，而although没有这种用法。如：He didn’t stop working though/although he was ill. = Ill ______ he was, he didn’t stop working.他虽然病了，但未停止工作。They said they would come; they didn’t __________.

2). 英语中 though, although 不能和 ________ 连用，如果要强调前后两部分的对比意义，可以在主句前加上 _______ 或 ________. 如:

_______________________________________. 尽管她有很多钱，但她并不快乐。

2.      while & as 也可以引导让步状语从句，但要注意语序，______ 多用于句首，

______ 要用倒装语序，句型为： adj./adv./n./v. + as + 主语 +谓语         如：

While I like the color of the cap, I don’t like its shape. 译: _____________________

Young __________________, she can read and write in several foreign languages.

她虽然年轻，但她能用几门外语阅读和书写。

Hard _______________________, he makes little progress.

虽然他工作很努力，但却几乎没有进步。

________________________, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。

Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone. 尽管我怎么搬了，我都搬不动那块石头。

以上的倒装句子中的as 也可以用________

 

3.      whether…or (not) 提供两个对比的的情况，意思为 ________________。如

Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of discussion will remain unchanged. 译：____________________________________________。

Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 译：_____________________________。

 

4.      疑问词+ ever 和 no matter +疑问词

相同点：都可以引导 ______________ 从句，意思为 ______________。

不同点：疑问词+ ever 也可以引导_________ 从句，而____________ 则不能。例：

Whenever I hear the tune, it makes me think of you. =

_________________ I hear the tune, it makes me think of you.

无论什么时候听到这首曲子，它都使我想起你。

We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.  =

We’ll have to finish the job, ______________________ it takes.

我们必须完成工作，无论花多长时间。

Whoever breaks the law, he shall be punished. 无论谁犯了法，他都要受到惩罚。

这个复合句是由whoever 引导的 ________ 状语从句，因此，可以转换为

________________________ breaks the law, he shall be punished.

Whoever breaks the law shall be punished. 任何犯法的人都要受到惩罚。

此句子是由whoever 引导的 __________从句，因此whoever __________ 换成no matter who

 

巩固：看看下面的句子是什么从句，划线部分能否转换？

Her parents always waited for her, whatever time she got home.不管她什么时候回家，她父母总在等她。

That man ought to be polite whoever he is. 无论那个人是谁，都应该讲礼貌。

Wherever he hides, we will find him out. 无论他躲到哪里,我们都要把他找出来。

Whatever you say, I won’t believe you. 不管你说什么，我绝不相信你的话。

He will eat whatever you give him. 你给他什么他就吃什么。

Whoever leaves the classroom last must turn off the lights.谁最后离开教室必须关灯

Whoever leaves the classroom last, he or she must turn off the lights.

You can give it to whomever you like. 这个东西你想给谁就给谁。

I just said whatever came into my mind. 我只不过想到什么就说什么。

 

考点七    方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词：just as,  as,  as if,  as though

1.      as & just as 二者都表示“______________________”

Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. 译：_____________________

You should do your homework as your teacher told you.译：__________________

2.       as if & as though

as if,  as though 从句可以用_________ 语气，表示可能符合事实的情况；也可以用________语气，表示不符合事实 或与事实相反的情况。意为“_________”例如：

It looks ____________ it is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨。(________ 语气)

He speaks as if he were a philosopher. 他说话就像一位哲学家。( _________语气,从句动作与主句谓语同时发生，从句谓语要用____________ 时态)

He speaks as if he had been to the moon. 他说起话来就像是去过月球。（从句动作发生在主句谓语之前，从句要用 _____________ 时态）

He speaks as if he would fly to the moon. 他说起话来就像是要飞往月球。（从句动作发生在主句谓语之后，从句要用 ___________________ ）

高考在线：

1.You will have to stay at home all day __ you finish all your homework.

A. if    B. unless    C. whether   D. because

2. During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up _____ old shabby houses were torn down.

A. where     B. in what     C. in which    D. which

3. _______ you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year, the accident figures are really very small.

A. Although    B. While    C. When    D. For

4. Studying alone, you are free to choose what to learn and when, ______ you don’t need others’ agreement.

A. while       B. if       C. though    D. as

5. --- Have you been to the Great Wall? --- Perhaps not in my memory, ______ , it might have been during my early childhood.

A. If any    B. If ever    C. If not    D. If possible

6. He didn’ t put the things _______ they belong, for ______ he got his punishment.

A. which; that  B. what; this   C. that; whose   D. where; which

7. _________ Wu Ping is a person who is willing to help, he doesn’t have much time available, I am afraid.

A. Since   B. When    C. While    D. Unless

8. --- Somebody wants you on the phone.  --- ______ nobody knows I am here.

A. Although      B. And    C. But       D. So

9. ________ volleyball is her main focus , she’s also great at basketball.

A. Since    B. Once    C. Unless   D. While

10.________ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

A. If        B. As      C. Although   D. Unless

11. Tom has made great progress in his studies. ________, we are confident that he will pass the coming entrance examinations.

A. Anyway    B. Therefore    C. Besides    D. Partly

12. In rugby(橄榄球)，the ball is usually carried forward by players, ______ kicking is permitted.

A. so      B. in case     C. so that     D. though

13. There are rules that restrict the kinds of jobs that foreign students can have _______ studying in the United States.

A. because    B. until    C. since    D. while

14 --- What’s your plan for this July? --- I will take a bullet train to Fuzhou for my holiday ______ school ends.

A. while    B. until    C. unless    D. immediately

16. It really seemed ages ______ the police came on the scene and cleared away the damaged cars.

A. before    B. after   C. when     D. as

17. We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won’t go _______ it rains.

A. if      B. as    C. though    D. because

18. ---Why didn’t you try your best to get on the bus? ---I tried to, but ______ I could, it started moving.

A. until     B. when    C. before     D. after

19. _______ scores of times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

A. Having explained            B. Having been explained 

C. Though it was explained       D. It was explained

20. The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story.

A. or      B. unless       C. but     D. whether

21. — Our holiday cost a lot of money.  — Did it? Well, it doesn’t matter _______ you enjoyed yourselves.

A. as long as      B. unless        C. as soon as       D. though

22. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.

A. did he begin      B. had he begun    C. he began      D. he has begun

23. Tim is in good shape physically _______ he doesn’t get much exercise.

A. if        B. even though       C. unless        D. as long as

24. He speaks _______ he were a philosopher.

A. as if      B. even if         C. even though     D. although.

25. It was _______ he said _______ disappointed me.

A. what; that      B. that; that       C. what; what     D. that; what