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选修六   Module 2  Fantasy  Literature
               Grammar 学案
命制:刘富祥                  审核：                      审批：
班组：            姓名：             自评：              师评：
Goals：
1.To learn to understand and use adverbial clauses with –ing (1)
2.Through grammar exercises, encourage the students to learn Adverbial clauses with---ing 　　
3.Develop the students to learn Adverbial clauses with---ing
一、语法归纳：
(一)、分词逻辑主语与主句主语一致：
Look at the following sentences and tell me the form of the underlined verb:
1）.Hearing the news, he burst out laughter.（时间）
2）.Not knowing the address, I can’t get in toutch with her.（原因）
3）.He came ,running.（伴随）
4）.Her husband died, leaving her 4 children.（结果）
5）.He sat there ,reading a book.（伴随）
6）.Working hard, you ‘ll succeed.（条件）
7）.Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.(时间）
总结：
1.分词位置 ：位于主句  之前：时间，条件，原因，让步
                      之后：方式，伴随，结果
2.现在分词时态与语态：
一般式                           完成式(只作状语）
主动  v-ing                       having  v-ed
被动  being v-ed                  having been v-ed
注：现在分词一般式表示，分词动作与主句动作同时发生
        如：上1、3、5
    现在分词完成式表示，分词动作发生在主句动作之前如：7
3：区别：以下三种都可表达被动但是有分别
                being v-ed : 此动作与主句动作同事发生
                to be v-ed:  此动作将要发生
                v-ed    :   此动作已完成
e.g.The problem being discussed now is very important for us.
     The problem to be discussed next week is very important for us.
     The problem discussed last week is very important for us.
      Having been used for many years, the machine needs repairing .
4.如下连词可与分词连用作状语：
1）时间状语
    When/while/after/before  v-ing
e.g  Be careful when (you are) crossing the road.
     After finishing his homework, he went to watch Tv.
2）让步状语：Althogh/Though
e.g Though working hard, he couldn’t succeed.
thus doing（顺其自然）

3）结果状语：only to do（意外）

(二)、当分词主语与句子主语不一致时：
1.v-ing  分 词：作状语其逻辑主语用主格

        动名词：作主，宾等其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词
e.g     His coming late made the teacher angry.
       He being absent from the meeting, we felt unhappy.
2.独立主格：
                     现在分词/过去分词
名词/代词+           形容词/副词

                    介词短语

e.g    The signal given, the train left out.
      Wether permitting, we’ll go out for a walk.
      Homework finished, he went out.
                             book in hand.
      He came into theroom,    a book in his hand.
                             with a book in his hand.
      Her head leading on the tree, she stood there.