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Learning Guide to Grammar of M3B4

Learning Aim:  

1. To understand and use Adverbial clause of condition and Adverbial clause of concession              

2. Enable to use Adverbial clause properly to express your manner of speaking in communication,

 

Step 1: Learning about Adverbial clause of condition（条件转语从句）

引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。

用适当的来连接词填空：

1.       __________ you use your head, you’ll find a way. 你要动动脑筋,就会想出办法的.

2.       You will not pass the examination _____________you study hard. 你要不努力学习的话,考试就通不过了.

3.       __________ he gives me a phone call, tell him that I will call him back. 万一他给我电话，告诉他我会打回给他。

4.       _____________you keep the book clean, you may borrow it. 只要你能够保持书得整洁，你就可以借。

5.       I will sell you this camera _____________ you pay in cash. 在你付现金的条件下，我可以卖给你这个照相机。

6.       I will go ________________you go. 倘若你去我也去。

7.       I will do so _____________you agree. 如果你答应我就这么做。

Note: 从句的动词用现在时态表示将来发生的事情。

 

Step 2: Learning about Adverbial clause of concession(让步状语从句)

引导让步状语从句常用的连词有：________（虽然），________（虽然），________（虽然），________（即使），________（即使），________（无论什么），________r（无论哪里），________（无论…）。

1)      ___________________asks for advice, she is always ready to help. 不管谁向她请教，她总是乐于助人。

2)      ___________________it's raining, my mood is like sun^_^. 尽管下雨

3)      ___________________ the sun refused to shine; ___________________we lived in different time; ___________________the ocean left the sea, there would still be you and me. 即使

4)      ___________________you fail, you will have gained experience. 虽然

5)      ___________________ difficult it may be, we will do it. 不论多么困难，我都要去做。

Note:

1. as引导的让步状语从句，有所不同，语序发生___________________。注意下列句子。

1)      Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，他懂得很多。（表语child提前，而且冠词a省略）

2)      Much as I admire him, I cannot excuse his faults.虽然我很崇拜他，可我不能原谅他的错误。（状语much提前）

3)      Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. (谓语动词Try 及副词hard提前) = Though he tries hard, he never seems…  虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

2. 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和___________________可连用

a)      Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。

b)      Mary is a nice girl, but she has one shortcoming. 玛丽是一个好姑娘,但她有一个缺点。

c)       Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）

3. 让步状语从句中的省略。

1)      Though___________________, the old man still wore a vest. 虽然天很冷，老人还是穿着一件背心。

2)      Whether ________________, he always keeps smiling. 她不管是身体好，还是不好，总是满面春风。

 

Step 3:Exercise.

(a)

1. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than_____ commonly.

A. supposing      B. supposed       C. to suppose     D. suppose

2. We won’t give up_____ we should fail ten times.

A. even if      B. since      C. whether       D. until

3.－What was the party like?

  －Wonderful. It’s years_____I enjoyed myself so much.

A. after     B. when        C. before        D. since

4. John plays football_____, if not better than David.

A. as well      B. as well as     C. so well    D. so well as

5. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is.

A. what    B. how    C. however    D. whatever

6. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ___ father was away in France.

A. as     B. that    C. during     D. if

7. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _____ ,in fact I was talking about my daughter.

A．whom         B．where        C．which         D．while  

8.  I admit his good points I can see his bad ones.

A. when          B. as          C. while          D. before

(b)

1. ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

  A. Since       B. Unless       C. As         D. Although

2. ____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

  A. Unless      B. Because      C. Although     D. When

3. In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.

   A. whether       B. until       C. if         D. unless

4. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. ____, their political influence should be very great.

A. Even so      B. As a result    C. So far     D. As usual

5. My parents were quarrelling about me ____ I could not quite tell why.

   A. since        B. though      C. if          D. until

6. ____ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生态系统) to recover.

  A. Even if      B. If only      C. While      D. Once

7. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ____ there is human suffering.

  A. whoever   B. however     C. whatever    D. wherever

8. We won’t keep winning games ____ we keep playing well.

   A. because    B. unless       C. when        D. while

(c)

1. _____ I get to Pairs, I’ll call you up at the airport.

  A. Since              B. While            C. Once           D. Although

2.  _____ the headmaster comes, we won’t discuss this plan.

  A. Unless             B. If not             C. Except         D. Whether

3. Bill must have been away from the office.  _____ how many times I phoned him, nobody answered it.

  A. Whatever           B. No matter         C. In spite of      D. Though

4. _____, he is good at drawing.

  A. To be a child       B.A child as he is     C. As a child         D. Child as he is

5. Don’t be discouraged _____ you have fallen behind others.

  A. whether           B. as if            C. even if         D. however

6. We can get there on time _____ the car doesn’t break down.

  A. while          B. as long as         C. so that         D. even if

7.  _____had the bell rung _____ the students took their seats.

   A. Hardly；when     B. No sooner；when    C. Hardly；than     D. No sooner；then

8. _____ many times，but he still couldn’t understand it.

   A. Having been told     B. Though had been told    C. He was told      D. Having told

9. I’ll start early, _____ it may be dark.

   A. however        B. whether          C. if          D. though

10. We shouldn’t do that dangerous experiment _____ the teacher is with us.

   A. if not          B. if          C. unless        D. as long as

 

 

 

 

 

(d) 阅读表达

In the United States, train transportation is unpopular compared with cars and airplanes. Most people like traveling by car or by air.

Officials of the United States Department of Transportation made a study in 2001. The study is about how many miles Americans traveled by different means of transportation. They only studied trips longer than 50 miles. The study showed that fifty-six percent of all miles were traveled in personal vehicle. Forty-one percent were traveled in an airplane. Two percent were traveled in a bus. And less than one percent of miles were traveled in a train.

Amtrak is the national provider of train transportation in the United States. In the past ten years, the number of its passengers has increased by eighteen percent. Although the number of passengers has increased, it is still very small now. In countries such as France, Germany, or Japan, more people use trains.

There are several reasons why many people __________________________.

Firstly, Americans love to drive their own cars. On highways, cars can travel as fast as trains. These highways connect all major cities in America．Secondly, many travelers like to be independent. When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel. Thirdly, many buses travel between major cities. Bus travel is less costly than train travel.

In a huge country like the United States, cities are far away from each other. In some cases, travel from one city to another by train may take more than a day. Airplanes can carry passengers over long distances much faster. People who do not want to spend long time traveling by train decide to fly. For these people saving time is the most important thing.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

                                                                              

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

It’s convenient for people to decide the start-off time when they travel in their own cars.

_______________________________________________________________  _____

3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.( Please answer within 10 words.)

 ___________________________________________________________                                                                               

4. What means of transportation do you like best when traveling, trains, cars, or planes? Why? ( Please answer within 30 words)

                                                                                      

__________________________________________________________________                   

5. Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese.

                                                                                      

__________________________________________________________________