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Book 4 Unit 1 语言点

1. achieve

    「课文原句」She has achieved everything she wanted to do… （P3）

    「名师点拨」achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。

    如：He had finally achieved success. Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.

2. condition

    「课文原句」She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. （P1）

    「名师点拨」condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。

    如：We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions. The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness. My car is old but in good condition. He is overweight and out of condition.

    「知识拓展」condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that.如：I will come on condition that Peter is invited. They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.

3. devote

    「课文原句」She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. （P1）

    「名师点拨」devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身；致力于”，指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。

    如：He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. The girl， to whom he was devoted， died in a traffic accident by chance. After he has retired， he will devote himself to gardening.

4. behave

     「课文原句」Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. （P2）

    「名师点拨」behave vi & vt. 意为“举动；举止；行为表现”，如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour，指“行为；态度；举止”。

    如：The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests. My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired. Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.

5. worthwhile

    「课文原句」But the evening makes it all worthwhile. （P2）

    「名师点拨」worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的；值得出力的”，可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”，在动词-ing形式的结构中，worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth，特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。

    如：I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job. The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.

6. observe

    「课文原句」Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. （P2）

    「名师点拨」observe vt. 意为“观察；观测；遵守”，可用observe sb do sth，observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation.

    如：I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop. He observed that we should probably have rain. Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals‘ behaviour.

7. argue

    「课文原句」She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. （P2）

    「名师点拨」argue作动词时，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”；argue against意为“据理反对；争辩……”。

    如：It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected. We are always arguing with each other about money. Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children‘s annual party.

    「知识拓展」argue的名词形式为argument，意为“争论；争端；论证”，常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。

9. care for

    「课文原句」It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. （P6）

    「名师点拨」care for可以表示look after的意思，意为“照顾；照料”，且较正式；也可表示“喜欢”的意思。

    如：His son cared for him when he was ill. In fact， I don‘t really care for basketball.

    另外，在上面的句子中，explain意为“解释，说明”，后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语，可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth.

    如：Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible？

    「知识拓展」care about意为“介意；在乎”，表示是否认为某事是重要的，某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面，但是在连词前面一般省掉。

I don‘t care about your opinion. I don’t care whether it rains — I‘m happy.

 

Book 4 Unit 2 语言点

1.  struggle  v. 斗争,奋斗,挣扎,拼搏

struggle against  与… 斗争;为反对… 而斗争struggle for   为争取… 而斗争

 struggle with   和…一起战斗   struggle to do sth. 挣扎做某事

  The trapped fox struggled to escape from the cage.

  struggle   n.  斗争,挣扎,奋斗  the struggle for survival 生存的挣扎

2. output    n. 产量，输出，输出功率，输出端    vt. 输出(信息等)

 We must increase our output to meet demand. 我们必须提高产量满足需求。

input     n. /v. 输入  I have inputted the data into a computer.

3。reduce    v.    减少, 缩小  同义词: decrease  反义词: increase

 搭配：reduce sth. from …to…某事从…减少到… reduce sth. by …某事减少了..

 Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去的一年, 各项费用已经减少了20％．

reduce   v.      reduction    n. 1)Out of work, he is ________ (reduce) to begging.

 2)She managed to buy the cell-phone _____ a reduction of 80%.

be reduced to    沦落到 at a reduction of  打了…的折扣 make a reduction  打折扣

4. rid sb. / sth. of  摆脱某事/人 You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.

  He’s gone, and I’m glad to be rid of him.   get rid of   摆脱

5. freedom    n. 自由 freedom of speech / religion / action  演讲自由/ 宗教自由/ 行动自由 keep …free from/ of 不受,免于,没有

6. with the hope of (doing) sth.   怀着(做)某事的希望

 in the hope that 怀着 ... 希望,希望能  in hope / hopes of doing sth.  怀着做某事的希望

 be beyond hope   没有希望的  have high hopes for...对 ... 寄予很大的期望

  live up to one’s hope不辜负某人的希望

7. export     v./n.  出口   import   v./n.  入口

  We export goods to over 40 different countries.

  The import of cotton goods went up sharply in 1986.   在1986年,棉织品的进口猛增。

  The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment.  

8.confuse  v.

 1) I was ________ when I ran across the ________ word while reading.

confused 表示主语所处的状态“迷惑的”confusing 则用来描述所修饰的名词的特点 “令人迷惑的”

9.宁愿　would rather

常见搭配：would rather do sth.

否定：would rather not do sth.       would rather do than do

 = would do sth. rather than do sth.  = prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.

 = prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.

* would rather (that) sb. did sth. *would rather (that) sb. had done sth.

 Do you mind if I smoke?-- Well, I’d rather you didn’t.

10. 多亏,幸亏,由于  Thanks to sb./ sth.

    多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢, 在句中作状语和表语

 Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved. It was thanks to his help that I succeeded.

11.rid…of …使…摆脱/清除…rid a house of mice清除室内老鼠rid oneself of debt还清债务

[类似用法动词]：inform/ warn/ cure…of…,The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.

11. refer to : to为介词. “查阅; 涉及; 提到; 指的是” He is not the person I referred to just now.   If you don’t know what this means ,   please refer to the dictionary. 

 Our teacher referred to you at the meeting proudly.  This paragraph refers to the events last  year.

12. insist on doing sth. 坚持要做 坚决要求做 … He insisted on going to your house with us

 

Book 4 Unit 3 语言点

1. content

    「课文原句」Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than ourselves. （P17）

    「名师点拨」content adj.意为“满足的；满意的”，be content to do意为“乐意去做某事”；be content with sb / sth意为“对某人或某事感到满意”，相当于be pleased with或be satisfied with.

    如：I‘m content to help you to set up a website on the Internet. Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have greater success.

    注：worse off是badly off的比较级，意思是“境况比……更差”；better off意为“境况比……好”。

    如：To my surprise， I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine. With the development of economy， more and more people are better off.

    「知识拓展」content还可作动词，意为“使满足”；作名词时，表示“满足；心满意足”，也可表示“（书、报纸等的）内容；目录；含量”。

    如：My explanation seemed to content him. Now she began to live in peace and content. We've discussed the unusual form of the book — now， what about the content？

2. astonish

    「课文原句」However， some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. （P17）

    「名师点拨」astonish vt.意为“使大为吃惊；使惊异”，比surprise程度强，比shock程度弱。

    如：I was astonished to hear that the professor had broken down because of his hard work. I was astonished by how much she'd grown.

    「知识拓展」

    （1） astonishing adj.意为“令人惊异的”。

    如：The astonishing news made the world astonished， and a great many people expressed their opinions on the Internet.

    （2） astonished adj.指（某人）处于惊异、吃惊状况，常用be astonished at sth.

    如：He was astonished at what Tom had said and done.

    （3） astonishment n.意为“惊讶”，可用to one‘s astonishment表示“使某人吃惊的是”。

    如：To my astonishment， she still remembered my birthday.

3. particular

    「课文原句」He became famous for using a particular form of acting， including mime and farce. （P17）

    「名师点拨」particular adj.意为“专指的；特别的；格外的；不寻常的”。be particular about / over sth意为“对某事很讲究 / 很挑剔”。in particular意为“特别地”。

    如：There was nothing in the newspaper of particular importance. I'm not particular about my clothes；

    I don't mind what I wear. He talked about the ball games in general and talked about football in particular. What in particular did you like about the last apartment that we saw？

4. failure & overcome

    「课文原句」This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.（P18）

    「名师点拨」

    （1） failure意为“失败”时，是不可数名词；意为“失败者；失败的事”时，是可数名词。

    如：As we all know， failure is the mother of success. At last， he was a great success， while she was a failure. To our disappointment， the party turned out to be a failure.

    （2） overcome v.意为“控制（感情）；克服（困难）；征服；战胜”，可用于to overcome difficulties / obstacles / problems / resistance等。

    如：He made great efforts to overcome the difficulty. They succeeded to overcome the tallest mountain in the world.

    「知识拓展」fail还可作动词，意为“失败；不及格；无法做到”，可用fail to do sth或者fail in doing sth.如：I failed to persuade him to give up smoking. = I failed in persuading him to give up smoking.

5. in search of

    「课文原句」The film is set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century when gold was discovered and thousands of people rushed there in search of it. （P18）

    「名师点拨」in search of意为“寻找”。类似的词组有：in the／a／one‘s search for／of，make a search for／of，在这三个短语中search是名词。

    如：Today， many countryside people have rush to the city in search of good jobs. The researchers are in their search for the animals which they want to experiment with.注意：in search of 中of不可换用for.

    「知识拓展」search还可以是作动词，意为“搜寻”，search 的宾语是寻找的东西所在的处所，即search someplace for sth，意为“搜查某地找……”。

    如：They searched the building for the robber. He searched his pockets for some change.

    而search sb for sth意为“搜某人身以找到某物”。

    如：He searched the boy for the lost pen.

    search after／for = look for = hunt for意为“到处寻找”。

    如：People who are searching after inner peace sometimes turn to religion.

6. pick up

    「课文原句」They wash sand from the river in a pan of water， and expect to pick up gold， but they have been not fortunate enough to find any. （P18）

    「名师点拨」pick up意为“拾起；拿起”。

    如：He picked up his hat and went out.

    pick up还有其他意思：

    （1） 在中途搭载承载（乘客、货物等）。

    如：The bus stopped to pick up passengers.

    （2） （偶然地）发现，得到，购买；学得，得到（知识、利益）。

    如：I picked up the book in a lonely place. She picked up French very quickly in France. When you live in a country， you soon pick up the language.

    （3） 恢复，使恢复。

    如：I believe he will pick up by the seaside.

    （4） 接收，收听（广播）。

    如：It is easy to pick up the programme clearly through my radio.

    「知识拓展」pick out意为“选好；选出；认出；看清楚”。

    如：Have you picked out the movie you want to see？

    Can you pick out your brother out from that group of people？

 7. cut off

    「课文原句Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe， treating it as if it were the finest meat.（P18）

    「名师点拨」

    cut off意为“切下来；剪下来”。

    如：He cut off piece of cloth and wrapped the wound.

    cut off还可译为“切断；停掉；使电话中断”。

    如：They‘ve cut off the water temporarily because they are repairing one of the main pipes. It was dangerous that our food and water supply were cut off at that time. We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. Because I failed to pay the telephone bill， the telephone operator cut us off.

 

Book 4 Unit 4 语言点

1. major, local & represent

【课文原句】They will be meeting at a major hotel with local business people and people who represent the Chinese government. (P25)

【名师点拨】(1) major adj. 表示“主要的；较大的；重要的”，句中a major hotel 意思是“大酒店”；major经常用作名词，意为“主修课程；专业课”；可作动词，主要用于major in，意为“主修”。如：

Many people wish to live in a major city.

She decided to take computer as her major.

  My friend majored in economics at Tsinghua University.

 (2) local adj. 表示“地方的；当地的”。含有local的常用词组：local customs意为“地方风俗”；local news意为“本地新闻”；the local TV station意为“地方电视台”；the local court意为“地方法院”；the local government意为“地方政府”。如:

    My sister studies at a local university.

(3) represent在本句中是“代表”的意思，还有“象征；表现；描绘；扮演”等意思。如：

We must choose someone to represent us. (代表)

The stars in our flag represent the States. (象征)

This picture represents a man riding a horse. (表现)

【知识拓展】meet with sb表示“和某人会晤（商讨问题等）”。但具体句子要具体分析，有时候可表示“偶然遇见”。如：

I met with a friend on the train yesterday. （偶遇）

2. introduce

【课文原句】You introduce them to each other, and are surprised by what you see. (P26)

【名师点拨】introduce表示“介绍；引荐；引进；采用”等意思，常和to连用，即introduce… to…。在本句中是“介绍；引荐”的意思。如：

Let me introduce myself to you first.

The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience.

【知识拓展】introduce的名词形式是introduction，意为“介绍”，多作不可数名词，有时候也作可数名词；还可译为“引论；导言；概论”，是可数名词。如：

My next guest needs no introduction (= is already known to everyone).

Before the meeting began I made the necessary introductions.

The introduction in a book tells us what the book is about.

3. approach & touch

【课文原句】Mr Garcia approaches Mrs Smith, touches her shoulder and kisses her on the cheek. (P26)

【名师点拨】(1) approach vt. & vi. 意为“接近；靠近；走近”。approach作名词讲时，表示“方法；步骤；途径；接近”，用于make approaches to sb，表示“想法接近（认识）某人”。如：

We could just see the train approaching in the distance.

It began to rain when he approached his home.

The time is approaching when we must be on board.

All approaches were blocked because of the accident.

A new approach should be found to solve the matter.

I am not good at making approaches to strangers.

(2) touch作动词讲，意为“接触；触摸”；touch作名词时，除了“接触；触摸”的意思外，还有“联系”的意思。如：

Visitors are not allowed not to touch the exhibits.

keep in touch with  同……保持联系

get in / into touch with 和……取得联系

lose touch with     和……失去联系

be out of touch with  同……失去联系

4. express

【课文原句】… they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance, actions or posture. (P26)

【名师点拨】express vt.意为“表达；表示”。文中express their feelings 意为“表达他们的感情”；express oneself用于表达自己的意思、思想或情感。如：

No words can express my thanks to your help.

He can express himself in clear English now after five years' hard learning.

【知识拓展】express作名词讲时，表示“快车；快递；快件”。如：

the No. 102 special express to Beijing   开往北京的102次特快

5. avoid

【课文原句】It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. (P26)

【名师点拨】avoid vt. 表示“避开；避免”，avoid difficulty in communication意思是“避免交际上的困难”。avoid后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：

Why are you trying to avoid that boy?

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and ran towards me.

6. be likely to

【课文原句】People from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (P26)

【名师点拨】likely作形容词，指“可能发生某事”，后可接不定式或从句。be likely to意为“很可能……；有希望……”。如：

Do remind me because I'm likely to forget.

It's quite likely that we'll be in Spain this time next year.

They are likely to refuse your invitation.

【知识拓展】likely, possible, probable都含有“可能的”的意思，但也有差异：

      likely指从表面迹象来看很有可能。如:

Look at the black clouds. It is likely to rain tonight.

possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思。如:

It is possible to go to the moon now.

probable语气比 possible强，“可能性”最大，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概、很可能”的意思。如:

I don't think the story is probable.

7. at ease

【课文原句】A smile is the universal facial expression — it is intended to put people at ease. (P29)

【名师点拨】at ease是个固定词组，意思是“处在舒适、自由自在的状态下”。本句中put people at ease意为“使人自由自在；不拘束”。如：

Her mind was at ease, knowing that the children were safe.

【知识拓展】(1) ease作名词讲时，表示“安逸；安心；不费力；悠闲”。如：

He leads a life of ease. (= He leads an easy life.)

(2) ease 作动词讲时，表示“解除；减轻（痛苦、忧愁或烦恼）”。如：

The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain.

(3) ease的常用短语：

with ease (= easily)  熟练地；轻而易举地

be (feel) ill at ease   局促不安, 心神不宁

put sb at his ease   使某人宽心; 使某人感到无拘无束

stand at ease    稍息

 

Book 4 Unit 5 语言点

1. amuse

【课文原句】Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while. (P33)

【名师点拨】amuse vt. 意为“使高兴；使开心”，和please（取悦于；让……高兴）是近义词。amuse oneself意为“自娱自乐；消遣”。amuse的名词形式是amusement。如：

 I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves.

I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was on the train.

They are more than amusement parks with rides, such as a Ferris wheel, merry-go-round or a roller coaster. (P33)

Carl came last in the race, much to my amusement.

【知识拓展】amused adj. 意为“逗乐的；觉得好笑的”，常用be amused (at / by sth)，指“觉得有趣；好笑；以……为乐”。如：

     She was very amused by / at your comments.

     Amused by the flying kites, the child stopped crying.

2. various

【课文原句】Though parks share this basic purpose, they find various ways to meet this need. (P33)

【名师点拨】various adj. 意为“不同的；各种各样的”，相当于different kinds of，后接复数名词。如：

At the meeting, the people present expressed their various opinions.

The students were late for various reasons.

【知识拓展】various是由动词vary（变化）派生而来的形容词，它的副词形式是variously。variety是名词，意为“有变化”，用a variety of表示“各种各样的；多种多样的”，后接复数名词，可与various互用。如：

 These new parks have a variety of things to see and do. (P33)

3. charge

【课文原句】They all charge money for admission, and for the rides and shows in the park. (P33)

【名师点拨】charge通常作及物动词，意为“收(费)；索(价)”，此时charge后接宾语（被收费的对象）和钱数；如果接购买的商品或其它原因，用for连接。如：

I’ll charge you five dollars.

How much do you charge for a haircut？

charge还可以表示“把……归咎于(to, on, upon)；告发；在控告(with)”。如：

Bob was charged with the murder, but he refused to admit it.

【知识拓展】charge作名词时，构成许多固定搭配：in charge（主管）；in charge of（负责某事）；in the charge of（由……管）；take charge of（负责管理）。如：

     The doctor in charge told us to be calm.

     Who is in charge of the school instead of Mr Black?

     The factory has been in the charge of the new boss for five months.

  Can you take charge of this class please, Miss Li?

4. profit

【课文原句】The big companies that own them parks except to make a profit not just by the charges for admission… (P33)

【名师点拨】profit n.意为“利润；经济上的好处”，既可数也不可数，用作复数的场合较多；也可译为“好处；益处（不可数）”。make a profit指“获得利润”。如：

Tom said he would give up his profits if there were no explanations to give him.

She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies.

【知识拓展】profit也可作及物或不及物动词，profit by意为“从……中得到好处”。如：

You must make it clear what it will profit me.

You may profit by the experience of others.

5. advance

【课文原句】… and there are future parks, where people can go on imaginary trips to space and use advanced computer techniques to experience life in the future. (P34)

【名师点拨】advanced adj. 意为“高级的；先进的”，其动词形式是advance，可作及物动词或不及物动词，意为“推进；促进；提前”。如：

The Party Committee is going to advance our career to a new stage. （及物动词）

The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. （及物动词）

After having studied abroad for three years, they didn’t advance in knowledge at all. （不及物动词）

6. up-to-date

【课文原句】Science and technology-based theme parks like. Futuroscope provide up-to-date information, hands-on learning and lots of fun and excitement. (P38)

【名师点拨】up-to-date作形容词用，意思是“最新的；现代的；跟上时代的”。其反义词是out-of-date，意为“落后的；过时的”。如：

The editors are trying to bring a nuclear physics textbook up-to-date.

重点短语

7. come to life

【课文原句】The past can come to life when we see how our ancestors dressed, worked and lived. (P34)

【名师点拨】come to life意为“苏醒过来”，引申意义是“回复生机；重新辉煌”等。如：

     The old company came to life after the new technology was brought in. 

【知识拓展】bring to life意为“使苏醒；使复活”，bring之后可以接宾语。如：

The doctor brought the patient to life after a few minutes’ treatment.

The scientists brought the factory to life, which had almost been closed.

8. get close to

【课文原句】Disneyland has exciting rides, visits to castles and chances to get close to the life-size cartoon figures. (P34)

【名师点拨】get close to意为“靠近”，其中close是副词，close既可以表示具体的“近”，也可以表示抽象含义，意思是“接近；紧密地；牢牢地”。如：

    The firemen couldn’t get close to the building because the ladders are too short.

     The army men stood close to their officer, fearing nothing.

9. involve in

【课文原句】Its purpose is to involve visitors in physical exercise and athletic competition. (P34)

【名师点拨】involve是及物动词，意思是“牵涉；牵连”。involve in意为“使牵连进去；使陷入”，有时可表示“聚精会神干某事”。involve with意为“和……混在一起；和……有密切关系”。如：

The second accident involved two cars and a lorry.

The Mrs Blacks have been involved in trouble.

I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning.

Our physics teacher got involved with a difficult problem.

10. name after

【课文原句】The park is named after Walt Disney, the famous film maker. (P34)

【名师点拨】name作动词，意为“取名；命名”。name after意为“根据（按照）……命名；用……的名字作名字”。如：

   The girl was named Mary after her mother.

【知识拓展】name作名词时有很多固定搭配：

by name  用名字；按名字

by the name of  名叫……的

in the name of   以……的名义

under the name of  用……的名字；以……为笔名

Can you list the works of Walk Disney by name?

Once upon a time, there lived a man known by the name of Oscar.

The police arrested the suspect in the name of the law.

Samuel Langhorne Clemens wrote a lot of short stories and essays under the name of Mark Twain.