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动词-ing（动名词）形式的句法功能
1.作主语
Seeing is believing.
Reading is learning.
重要句型It’s no use/ no good/ a waste of time/ worthwhile/ worth + doing
It’s no good talking to him.
It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.
It’s worth making an effort.
There is no saying when it will stop raining.
无法断定这场雨什么时候会停
There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
2．作表语
Her job is looking after the children.
Her hobby is collecting stamps.
What she is doing is teaching them to type.
3.介词之后接动名词作宾语
She went home without saying goodbye.
How about seeing the film tonight?
Be devoted to/ look forward to/ be used to/ object to/ be addicted to/pay attention to/ object to/ insist on/ prevent sb. from doing/ have trouble in doing
4．以下动词只能接ing作宾语
m---mind  miss  mention
u(w)—be worth/be busy in
c—consider  can’t help  can’t stand
a—avoid  appreciate  admit
f—finish  fancy  forgive
r—risk  resist(抵抗)
e—enjoy  escape  excuse
i—imagine  include         d—dislike  delay  deny(否认，否定)
s—suggest       p—practice  put off   
k—keep on   
give up   feel like  
5．动词ing形式作定语
说明被修饰词的用途和性能
前至定语
a reading room=a room fro reading   阅览室
running shoes=shoes fro running    跑鞋
a working method=a method of working   工作方法
a drawing board   画板          a sewing machine 缝纫机
a swimming pool 游泳池         a waiting room   候车室
a dining car 餐车                a driving permit  驾驶许可证
a singing competition 歌咏比赛    a walking stick  手杖
动词-ing 形式的复合结构
Do you mind my smoking here?
Your going there will help a lot.
I remember Tom’s going there.
I don’t mind Mike(him) coming here.
Mr. Smith’s going will not be of much help.
动词-ing 形式的否定形式
动词-ing 形式的否定形式由not 加动词-ing形式构成
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.
动词-ing 形式的句法功能
表示动作正在进行
a sleeping child        falling leaves
developing countries     working people
形容词化的-ing形式
an interesting book       a moving story
a surprising result        shocking news
后至定语
1. We live in the house facing the south.
----We live in the house which faced the south.
2. The factory being built will offer many jobs.
---The factory which is being built will offer many jobs.
3. Tom, arriving late, was not permitted to enter the classroom.
---Tom, who arrived late, was not permitted to enter the classroom.
6．宾语补足语
When I enter the room, he saw him watching TV.
I found a wallet lying on the ground.
We heard someone singing in the next room.
They kept me waiting for a long time.
常用-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, feel, get, keep, notice, have, observe等。另外， see, watch, hear, feel,notice,observe等动词既可以跟-ing形式也可以跟不定式作宾补，两者有区别。
7．-ing形式作状语
-ing形式作状语，表示原因，时间，方式，条件，伴随情况或结果等。不表示目的。
Ⅰ原因，相当于原因状语从句。
Being ill, she couldn’t go to school.
--As she was ill, she couldn’t go to school.
Seeing nobody at home, I decided to come again.
Not knowing her telephone number, I couldn’t ring her up.
Ⅱ相当于时间状语从句
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
---When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.
Walking in the street, I met one ofmyfriend.
Opening the door, I found nobody in.
Be careful when crossing the street.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Tom.
Having finished his work, he went home.
Ⅲ相当于条件状语从句
Working hard, you will succeed.
---If you work hard, you will succeed.
Having time, I must help you.
Ⅳ表示伴随情况。
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
Laughing and talking, they went into the room.
Ⅴ表示结果
Her mother died in 1989, leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters.
He fell, his head striking against the door.

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