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The Third Period Extensive reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
heart-broken, turn up, keep her word, fool, hold one’s breath, apologize, drown one’s sadness, in coffee, obvious, wipe, lovely, fell in love, couple, make a bridge of their wrings, weeping, set off for, remind somebody of something, forgive, warm up, the ice sculptures
b. 重点句子
She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.
It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for him to leave—he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV—just what Li Fang needed!
So he did.
If you come you must be prepared to keep moving, as it is too cold to stand and watch for long.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to read the passage fast to get the main idea.
Enlarge their expressions and knowledge about the topic of this unit—festivals.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Learn to compare the festivals in China and in western countries and to know that people in different countries and in different times may celebrate similar festivals in different ways.
Teaching important points教学重点
Different festivals about a love story and then write a different ending for the story.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Fast-reading & Discussion.
Teaching aid 教具准备
A multiple-media computer, a tape-recorder and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways教学步骤 
A sad story
True or false
   1. The girl Li Fang loved and waited for didn’t turn up. But he didn’t lose heart.    F
    The girl Li Fang loved and waited  for didn’t turn up. So he lost heart, because he would drown his sadness in coffee.
   2. Because her most lovely daughter got married to a human secretly, the Goddess got very angry.    T
   3. Zhinü was made to return to Heaven without her husband. They were allowed to meet once a year on the seventh day of the tenth lunar month.   F
   Zhinü was made to return to Heaven without her husband. They were allowed to meet once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
4. Hu Jin had been waiting for Li Fang for a long time with a gift for him.   T
Answer the questions
     1. Why was the TV story what Li Fang needed?
       The TV story was a sad story about lost love-- the same situation as Li Fang.
     2. What was Li Fang afraid that Hu Jin was doing?
        He was afraid that she was with her friends laughing at him.
     3. How did Li Fang know the manager wanted to shut the coffee shop?
       The manager wiped the tables and then sat down and turned on the TV.
     4. Why do people want the weather to be fine on Qiqiaojie?
       People want the weather to be fine so they can meet the one they love.
     5. What is the reason why Li Fang and Hu Jin did not meet on time?
       They did not meet on time because Li Fang waited in the coffee shop and Hu Jin waited in the tea shop.
     6. Why was Li Fang so worried at the end of the story?
       He was worried because he had thrown away the gifts for Hu Jin--the chocolates and roses so he had nothing to give her and he thought she would not forgive him.
                     The fourth period Grammar
情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除ought  和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。
3） 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。
1) can 和could：
 1) can的主要用法是：
      A.  表示体力或脑力的能力：  
            eg. The girl can dance very well.     
      B.  表示说话的推测﹑事物的可能性等:
            eg. Can the news be true?
      C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许:
            eg. Can I sit here?
2) could的主要用法是：
    A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和推测:
    eg. We all knew that the young man
           couldn’t be a doctor.
    B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉:
        eg. Could you lend me your
              dictionary? 
              Could I use your bike?
    3) can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。
　    eg. They can't have gone out because
              the light is still on.
may 和might ：
   may 常用来表示： 
   A. 表示请求、允许;比can较为正式:
         eg. May I come in ?      
               You may go now.
    B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。
  eg. --I believe the man is from England.          
        --But I may be wrong. 
          The guest may arrive this afternoon.  
         在肯定句中，may 的可能性比can 高，may 表示现实的可能性，can 表示理论上的可能性。如：
   The road may be blocked.
   这条路可能不通了。  
   The road can be blocked.
   这条路可能会是不通的。  
   在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。
   如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？
    C. 表示祝愿;但语气较正式:  
         eg. May you succeed!                                                                   
               May you have a good journey!
   might 的用法有:
       多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如:  
       She said that he might take her bike.         
       她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。
        除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可可以用was( were) allowed to 或者 had permission to 。
        表示现在的可能，其可能性要比 may 小。如：
        She might go home tomorrow.
        说不定他明天会回家。
        表示现在的许可, 语气比may 较委婉, 一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。
   如: Might I have a word with you?
          我可以和你说句话吗？
will和would：
   1. will是助动词或是情态动词？
       will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。
       eg. I will tell you something
             important.
            我要告诉你一些重要的事。
          （助动词） 
       Will you tell her that I'm here?
        请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？
      （情态动词）  
    2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。
    eg:  If you want help - let me know,  will you?
           如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗?
Will you type this, please?
请打印这个，好吗？  
Won't you sit down?
请坐下，好吗？
3. would比will客气委婉。
    eg: Would you help us, please?       请您帮助我们，好吗？
I’d go there with you.
我要和你一块到那儿去。 
Teacher wouldn’t allow it.
老师不会允许这件事。
shall和should：
   1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。
       shall用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心” 是情态动词。
       eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to
             England this winter.
             可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。
           （构成一般将来时, 助动词）
    Shall we go by train, Mom?
    妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？
  （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）
    I shall go at once.
    我必须立即去。
  （表 “决心”，情态动词）
    2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should+ have+过去分词”
   表示本应该在过去做但没有做。
        eg: You should keep your promise.      
              你应该遵守诺言。
              She should have passed the exam.  
              她应该通过考试的。
must和 have to
1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 needn’t或don’t have to，做 “不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
 — Must I finish all assignments at a time?     
  —Yes, you must.
  No, you needn't.
2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。
I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one.                                           There was no more bus. They had to walk home.
3.must表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done
 You must be the new teacher.                           
 He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all  gone home.
4. must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情
He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite.
附  件
Festivals
 Legal holidays in China are New Year (January 1st), a national one-day holiday; Spring Festival (the lunar New Year), a national three-day holiday; International Working Women’s Day (March 8th); Arbor Day (March 12th); International Labor Day (May 1st), a national one-day holiday; Chinese Youth Day (May 4th); International Children’s Day (June 1st); Army Day (August 1st); Teachers? Day (September 10th); and National Day (October 1st), a national two-day holiday.
 China’s biggest and most popular traditional festivals include:
Chinese New Year/Spring Festival
Each year, between the end of winter and the beginning of spring, people throughout China enthusiastically celebrate the first traditional festival of the year, the Spring Festival or Lunar New Year. During the Spring Festival, every household will display Spring Festival couplets and pictures, and decorate the home. Spring Festival Eve is an important time for family reunions. Usually, in the evening of the last day of the twelfth month by the lunar calendar each year, the entire family gets together for a New Year’s Eve dinner. After dinner, all family members sit together to chat or play games, staying up till early the next morning. In the morning people pay New Year calls on relatives to extend congratulations. During the festival, many people also attend traditional recreational activities, such as the lion dance, dragon-lantern dance and stilt-walking.
 Chinese New Years is by far the most well-known Chinese holiday, and also the most significant to Chinese culture. Also known as The Spring Festival, observation of the holiday actually begins the day before the beginning of the Lunar Year. The mode of celebration varies from province to province, different areas having their own specific traditions. Listed below are some of the customs associated with New Years.
 The day before the Spring Festival, there is a lot of cleaning and preparation done. Offerings to the Kitchen God are commonly made in hopes that he will give a good report to the Emperor of Heaven. That night is a special gathering when the whole family get together and eat a particularly large dinner.
 The following three or four days are public holidays. Most businesses close and time is spent paying formal visits to friends. Visitors bring a gift (generally a box of chocolate, nuts, or a tin of cookies) and are given a gift of greater value by the hosts. Married couples give little red packet envelopes to children and unmarried friends when greeted with a phrase wishing them prosperity in the New Year. While the majority of the holiday is observed in the first 3 or 4 days of the New Year, the first 10 days of the year are all part of the festival, however in practice this is just additional time to get in visits to friends. During this time, many Chinese people take trips to the city or province where they were born.
 Certain foods take on special names to celebrate the New Year (for example, chicken is called phoenix), visitors are often treated to fruits and seeds, and people buy new clothes.
 During prosperous times, entirely new furnishings may be bought. In the holiday, negative words, such as death, should be avoided. In fact, gifts of four and the word four arelso often not used because it sounds like the word for death.
Lantern Festival
 The 15th day of the first lunar month, the first full moon after the Spring Festival, is the occasion for the Lantern Festival. It is customary to eat special sweet dumplings called yuanxiao and enjoy displayed lanterns during this festival. Yuanxiao, round balls made of glutinous rice flour stuffed with sugar fillings, symbolize reunion. The custom of enjoying lanterns at this time of the year dates back to the first century, and has continued to be popular throughout China up to the present day. On this festive night many cities hold lantern fairs to display many exotic and sometimes weirdly shaped multi-colored lanterns. In rural areas the local people gather together and enjoy themselves as spectators and participants setting off fireworks, walking on stilts, performing with dragon lanterns, dancing the yangge and other folk dances and playing on swings.
Pure Brightness Day
 Pure Brightness Day comes around April 5 every year. This was originally a day set aside for people to offer sacrifices to their ancestors, but nowadays it is more customary to visit the tombs of the martyrs of the revolution to pay respects. By the time of the festival, the weather has turned warmer and the earth is covered in green. Friends like to go together to the outskirts of the city to walk in the green grass, fly kites and appreciate the beauty of spring. That is why Pure Brightness Day is also called the "Stepping on Greenery Festival"?
Dragon Boat Festival
 The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is generally believed that the festival originated to celebrate the memory of the ancient patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan, a native of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period, repeatedly offered his king proposals aimed at forestalling political corruption. Subsequently, slandered by treacherous court officials, he was sent into exile by the same king he had tried to help. In 278 B.C., the capital of the State of Chu was lost to its enemy the State of Qin and Qu Yuan drowned himself in despair on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Aware of the tragedy, the local people living beside the river went out in their boats to try to find his corpse. Every year thereafter on this day people continued to row dragon boats on their local rivers in memory of Qu Yuan’s life and death, throwing sections of bamboo filled with rice into the river as an offering. Legend has it that someone once met Qu Yuan’s spirit on the bank of the river and was told: "The food you have given me has all been taken away by the dragon. Hereafter, you should wrap the rice in bamboo leaves tied with five-colored thread. These are the two things that the dragon is most afraid of"? Thus, people began to make zongzi (glutinous rice wrapped in a pyramid shape using bamboo or reed leaves) in memory of Qu Yuan. Naturally, zongzi is the traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival.
Mid-Autumn Festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, the exact middle of autumn, hence the festival’s name. In ancient times, people used to offer elaborately made cakes to the moon spirit on this day. After making this symbolic offering, a family would enjoy eating the cakes together. The festival eventually came to carry the idea of a happy family reunion and the custom has been passed down to this day. On this mid-autumn night, the full moon is especially bright. The whole family may sit together beneath the clear moonlight eating tasty moon cakes and appreciating the beauty of the fully rounded moon. Those who are far away from their homes that night are only too easily reminded of their families when they look up at the luminous moon. The words of the great Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai are often recited on such evenings, even today: "I raise my head to gaze at the bright moon, and I drop my head to think of my old home"? Ethnic minorities have also retained their own traditional festivals, including the Water Splashing Festival of the Dai people, the Nadam Fair of the Mongolian people, the Torch Festival of the Yi people, the Danu (Never Forget the Past) Festival of the Yao people, the Third Month Fair of the Bai people, the Antiphonal Singing Day of the Zhuang people, and the Tibetan New Year and Onghor (Expecting Good Harvest) Festival of the Tibetan people.
Double 9 - Chung Yang Festivals
 Called Double 9 because it occurs on the 9th day of the 9th month, this is an important religious day. During this time many people go to the mountain shrines to worship their ancestors. This traditionally is in remembrance of a man who saved his family from disaster by taking them into
The festivals of Chinese minorities
 There are 56 nationalities living in this vast land of China, including 55 minorities. They have different customs, cultures and festivals from Han nationality. Speaking of the festivals, there are a lot of things to say, because nearly each minority has one or several festivals. In the following paragraph, I will choose some representative minorities’ festival to introduce.
 The Bai minority mainly inhabit in Dali Autonomous Prefecture, which is located in northwest Yunnan. The Third Faie held in Dali each year is the grandest traditional event of the ethnic Bai people at which material and cultural exchanges are carried out. The festival starts on the 15th day and ends on the 21st day of the 3rd Month each year on the lunar calendar. Activities held during the grand event include song and dance performance mountain songs meet. At the same time, big fairs for exchanging local and special products are held.
 Water Spring Festival is Dai’s new year according to Dai’s and is Dai’s most impressive and solemn festival, which is held on April 13-15. On the festival, people dust the Buddha Statues and bless each other by sprinkling water. Other activities include dragon-boat race, throwing pouches, fire lanterns and water lanterns, etc.
 Yi’s Torch Festival is usually celebrated on the 24th of 6th lunar month each year, which is Yi’s most impressive celebration. At the night of the Torch festival, people sing and dance around the torches, all the day and night long. The Torch Festival is also a day for Yi’s youth to go for rendezvous.
 On each year’s Spring Festival, all the lisu people, male or female, gather at the shiliutang Hot Spring of Lushui. By taking baths and washing off dirt with the sacred spring water, people hope for the forthcoming of auspiciousness. Singing contests are held here for the whole evening and youth people take the chance to make friends or get engaged.
 Lisu’s traditional festival is held on the 8th day of the 2nd lunar month each year. On the festival, people come from all directions and gather at the sword ground to watch the performance of "dimming Sword Mountain and diving into Fire Sea."
 The Miao nationality when the corn is ripe, every stockaded village quarry new valley, boil new rice offer sacrifices to heroof legend, then divide food, carry on corrida, horse-racing match among stockaded village, love song of the antiphonal responses at night, dance reed-pope wind instrument dance. Jino clan corn golden yellow in the ninth lunar month, when ripe maize having, select to take the new rice in one lucky day by the clan elder. Sweeping the stokade village and every house at dawn, get the new rice and cooked food ready, parents lead family to walk and hold a memorial ceremony for the valley ceremony arriving at noon, later having a meal. Before sunset, pluck the melon dish and go home, invite the relative to celebrate the new valley joyously and come on stage, have supper altogether.
 In a word, varied festivals show great national culture. And with the development of festivals, the world will become more and more splendid. We all Chinese will appreciate the great joy from our national festivals. I believe the festivals of our country will be well on the way to the fantastic future.
Some Western Festivals
Valentine’s Day , February 14 (情人节)
 Candy, flowers and other tokens of affection of affection are exchanged on this day, in  honor of two martyrs, both named St. Valentine.
April Fool’s Day, April 1 (愚人节)
 Franksters feel that it is permissible to play all sorts of tricks on this day.
Mother’s Day (母亲节)
 The second Sunday in May, set aside to honor mothers.
Father’s Day （父亲节）
 The third Sunday in June, set aside to honor fathers.
Halloween , October 31 (万圣节)
 A special day for making merry, wearing costumes and playing old-fashioned games. A favorite with children.
Easter Sunday (复活节)
 The first Sunday after the first Monday in November for the election of public officials. This  holiday is observed in most states. 
Thanksgiving Day( 感恩节)
 Generally the fourth Thursday in November, set aside for national thanksgiving, especially for our democratic form of government. It is a legal holiday in all states.
Labor’s Day (劳动节)
 The first Monday in September . Set aside to honor labor, it is a legal holiday in all states.
Christmas Day, December 25 (圣诞节)
 This is both a legal and religious holiday, it observes the anniversary of the birth of Jesus. All states and all those of the Christian faith celebrate this holiday.
Easter
 Easter is a time of spring-time festivals. In Christian countries Easter is celebrated as the religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the son of God. But the celebrations of Easter have many customs and legends that are pagan in origin and have nothing to do with Christianity.
 Scholars, accepting the derivation proposed by the 8th-century English scholar St. Bede, believe the name Easter is thought to come from the Scandinavian "Ostra" and the Teutonic "Ostern" or "Eastre," both Goddesses of mythology signifying spring and fertility whose festival was celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox.
 Traditions associated with the festival survive in the Easter rabbit, a symbol of fertility, and in colored easter eggs, originally painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring, and used in Easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts.
 The Christian celebration of Easter embodies a number of converging traditions with emphasis on the relation of Easter to the Jewish festival of Passover, or Pesach, from which is derived Pasch, another name used by Europeans for Easter. Passover is an important feast in the Jewish calendar which is celebrated for 8 days and commemorates the flight and freedom of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.
 The early Christians, many of whom were of Jewish origin, were brought up in the Hebrew tradition and regarded Easter as a new feature of the Passover festival, a commemoration of the advent of the Messiah as foretold by the prophets.
 Easter is observed by the churches of the West on the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or following the spring equinox (March 2I). So Easter became a "movable" feast which can occur as early as March 22 or as late as April 25.
 Christian churches in the East which were closer to the birthplace of the new religion and in which old traditions were strong, observe Easter according to the date of the Passover festival.
 Easter is at the end of the Lenten season, which covers a forty-six-day period that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends with Easter. The Lenten season itself comprises forty days, as the six Sundays in Lent are not actually a part of Lent. Sundays are considered a commemoration of Easter Sunday and have always been excluded from the Lenten fast. The Lenten season is a period of penitence in preparation for the highest festival of the church year, Easter.
 Holy Week, the last week of Lent, begins its with the observance of Palm Sunday. Palm Sunday takes its name from Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem where the crowds laid palms at his feet. Holy Thursday commemorates the Last Supper, which was held the evening before the Crucifixion. Friday in Holy Week is the anniversary of the Crufixion, the day that Christ was crucified and died on the cross.
 Holy week and the Lenten season end with Easter Sunday, the day of resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Kwanzaa
 Kwanzaa is a unique African American celebration with focus on the traditional African values of family, community responsibility, commerce, and self-improvement. Kwanzaa is neither political nor religious and despite some misconceptions, is not a substitute for Christmas. It is simply a time of reaffirming African-American people, their ancestors and culture. Kwanzaa, which means "first fruits of the harvest" in the African language Kiswahili, has gained tremendous acceptance. Since its founding in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga, Kwanzaa has come to be observed by more than18 million people worldwide, as reported by the New York Times. When establishing Kwanzaa in 1966, Dr. Karenga included an additional "a" to the end of the spelling to reflect the difference between the African American celebration (kwanzaa) and the Motherland spelling (kwanza).
 Kwanzaa is based on the Nguzo Saba (seven guiding principles), one for each day of the observance, and is celebrated from December 26th to January 1st.