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备战2009高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解

A

Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.

In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because her thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university’s Writers’ Workshop, however, she felt lonely----a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “Creative voice.”

“It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn’t think it had anything to do with why I felt so much imbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That’s when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn’t write about.”

Cisneros published her first work, The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children’s book, and a short-story collection.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?

A. She had seven brothers.

   B. She felt herself a nobody.

C. She was too shy to go to school.

D. She did not have any good teachers.

2. The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to _____.

   A. work for a school magazine

   B. run away from her family

   C. make a lot of friends

   D. develop her writing style

3. According to Cisneros, what played the decisive role in her success?

   A. Her early years in college.

   B. Her training in the Workshop.

   C. Her feeling of being different.

   D. Her childhood experience.

4. What do we learn about The House on Mango Street?

   A. It is quite popular among students.

   B. It is the only book ever written by Cisneros.

   C. It wasn’t success as it was written in Spanish.

   D. It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.

B

I love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.

The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.

Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.

The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.

5. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______.

   A. its convenient location

   B. its great variety of goods

   C. its spirit of goodwill

   D. its nice shopping environment

6. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____.

   A. sell cheap products

   B. deal with unwanted things

   C. raise money for patients

   D. help a foreign country

7. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?

   A. The operating costs are very low.

   B. The staff are usually well paid.

   C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.

   D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.

8. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

   A. What to Buy a Charity Shops.

   B. Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development.

   C. Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate.

   D. The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops.

C

Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier---the shark(鲨鱼).

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.

Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.

If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.

Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.

She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.

Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.

Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”

“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research.”

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.

In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.

She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.

9 The passage is most probably taken from _____.

A. a short-story collection

B. a popular science magazine

C. a research paper

D. a personal diary

10. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.

B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled.

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.

11. Lauren Smith conducted her research by _______.

   A. removing hair cells from a shark’s balance system

   B. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts

   C. recording sharks’ body temperature

   D. monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes

12. What is the passage mainly about?

   A. A popular way of forecasting weather.

   B. A new research effort in predicting storms.

   C. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks.

   D. Lauren Smith’s devotion to scientific research.

D

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

13. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.

   A. doing a medical experiment

   B. solving a math problem

   C. visiting an exhibition

   D. doing scientific reasoning

14. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

   A. active learning

   B. knowledge

   C. communication

   D. passive learning

15. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.

   A. a message may be changed when being passed on

   B. a message should be delivered in different ways

   C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

   D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

16. What can we infer from the passage?

   A. Active learning is less important.

   B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

   C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

   D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

E

As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. It’s similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I’m looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk.” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.

We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring(探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about explorers. Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually came up along the way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Italian burial mound.

Often we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that we visited regularly----tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.

It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence（青春期）. In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.

17. The author and his fiends were often out in the woods to _______.

   A. spend their free time

   B. play gold and other sports

   C. avoid doing their schoolwork

   D. keep away from their parents

18. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

   A. The activities in the woods were well planned.

   B. Human history is not the result of exploration.

   C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.

   D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly.

19. The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

   A. calm

   B. doubtful

   C. serious

   D. optimistic

20. How does the author feel about his childhood?

   A. Happy but short.

   B. Lonely but memorable.

   C. Boring and meaningless.

   D. Long and unforgettable.

（A）

本篇文章为我们介绍了一个人物—— 有一个害羞的小女孩成为知名作家的故事，着重描述了她独特写作风格形成的原因 .

1.B  事实细节题。由第一段的第三句话"感到害羞，不重要，她躲到书本中"可知应选"nobody" "不重要的人，小人物"从文中第一段的第二句提到她有6个哥哥，可删除A  由文中第二段第一句可知D 项不正确。

   2. D  事实细节题。由第二段最后两句"在大学的文学社，她感到孤独……这种与别人不同的认知帮助她找到了她的'独创声音'即写作风格"可推知D项正确。

   3. C  事实细节题。由第三段第一句她所说的"直到我认识到我真的与众不同我的写作才获得声音"可得知C 项正确。

   4. A  事实细节题。由第四段第二句"……has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level（这本书从高中到大学的课上都被使用）"可知A项正确。由最后一段可知B 项中的"only"不正确。C项是逻辑错误。由最后一段的前两句可知D 项不正确。

（ B ）

    本文主要介绍了慈善商店的基本特色以及慈善商店的创建与发展。

5.C 推理判断题。由第一段第四句"The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause""我"最喜欢慈善商店的一点是你的钱用于有用的事业可推断出C项为正确答案。"goodwill"含义为"好意"

 6.D 事实细节题。由第二段第二、三两句"the famous charity's appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful……" 可知第一个慈善商店的建立是为了筹钱援助战后的希腊。而从文章的第一段可知作者是英国人。因此，D项正确。C项中的"patients"未提。

   7. A 事实细节题。由第四段第一句"The shops have very low running costs"可知A项正确。"running"相当于"operating"含义为"运营"由第三段第一句中"volunteer（志愿者）"可知B项不正确。由第三段第二句可知慈善商店中90%以上的商品为公众捐赠，但并不能推出是"二手货"，故C项不正确。D项未提

8. C 主旨大意题。本文的最后一句为主题句。由"a good moral sense （好的道德感）"和"You provide funds to a good cause（你为一项有意义的事业提供资金）"可知 C项为最好题目。"Charity Shop： Where You Buy To Donate. （慈善商店——一个买东西就相当于捐款的地方。）

（ C ）

    本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。

 9.B 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除C "a research paper"  （科研论文）

 10.A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove  the theory，scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather.（科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气".故A 项正确。

   11. D 事实细节题。由文章倒数第三段可知，Miss Smith 在鲨鱼身上安装高科技感应器来记录pressure（压力）和temperature（温度），故选D项，C项不全面。

   12. B 主旨大意题。文章的主旨句为第二段，全文围绕着鲨鱼可能被用来预测天气的研究展开。因此，B 项正确。

（ D ）

    本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言。并用现实生活中简单的事例加以说明。

   13.C  推理判断题。由文章第二段前两句we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some else，……in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被动学习是指由别人告知所获得的知识。故选C.  A、B、D   都是主动学习。

    14. D  推理判断题。根据it 所在句可知这个代词指代的是前句所提的被动学习，句意：在日常生活中依靠被动学习并不奇怪。

  15.A推理判断题。通过第四段最后一句可知，原始的含义改变了，例证了第三段提出的论点"被动学习使我们接受被告知的事物，甚至有时是谣言。"因此A项为正确项。

   16.B 推理判断题。此题可用排除法。A、C两项未提，而由最后一段第一句可知D项不正确。由文章第三段加后几段的例证可推知B 项正确。

（E）

    本文描述了小时侯玩耍的"树林"对与"我"和朋友们的意义。主要讲述了我们在"树林"中所从事的活动——探索，以及之后随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的过程。

   17.A 事实细节题。由文章第一段一、二两句可得到答案。

    18.D推理判断题。由第二段第三句"但是我们的探索与历史上的相比不够系统，有些东西通常都是在沿途中偶然出现的"可知，作者探索是aimlessly（无目的的）

    19. B猜测词义题。由画线词的后一句"最高的树枝通常太细以至于不能承重，所以我们从来不能爬到可以看到除了树以外的其它事物。因此，爬到树上找出路是"不可信"的。

  20. A推理判断题。从全文看，作者在"树林"里过的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，当我们一部分人上了七年级之后。我们在"树林"中的玩耍就结束了。很短暂。因此，正确选项为A.

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备战2009高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解