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高考倒装句考点分析与突破

作者:高雪萍
　　 倒装句在高考中一直是一个重要的语法项目。综观近几年的高考试题，倒装句的考查主要涉及到以下几个考点。

　　 一、 完全倒装
　　 考点1： 与介词短语有关的倒装句

　　1. （2005辽宁） In the dark forests________, some large enough to hold several English
　　towns.

　　A． stand many lakes B. lie many lakes

　　C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand

　　2. （2006四川） At the foot of the mountain ___________.

　  A． a village lie B. lies a village

　  C． does a village lie D. lying a village

　　解题要领：当表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，为了表示强调或保持句子平衡，句子要用完全倒装语序，其结构为介词短语 + 不及物动词，如lie / go / come / stand / exist等或be动词 + 主语（主语只能是名词）。

　　 答案与解析：1. B2. B。两题都是表示地点的介词短语作状语，在句中表示强调，因此用完全倒装语序。

　　 考点延伸：表示位置移动的副词，如away / down / in / off / up / down / here / there等也要用完全倒装语序。

　　 二、 部分倒装

　　 考点2：与only有关的倒装句

　　1. （2006陕西） Only then_________ how much damage had been caused.

　　A. she realized B. she had realized

　　C. had she realized D. did she realize

　　2. （2006浙江）________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over the companies.

　　A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet

　　3. (2008重庆) Only when I left my parents

　　for Italy how much I loved them.

　　A. I realized B. I had realized

　　C. had I realized D. did I realize

　　 解题要领：这种类型的部分倒装结构为：only + 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句 + 系动词be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分 + 其他成分。

　　 注意：only修饰句子主语时，主谓语不需要倒装。

　　 答案与解析：1. D。only接副词位于句首时，全句要用部分倒装，又知道此时时态应用一般过去时。2. A。本题干是一个部分倒装结构，only + 介词短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。3. D。only + 状语从句位于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装，此题说明过去的情况，故用一般过去时。
　　 考点3：以neither开头的倒装句
　　1． （2008 辽宁） Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason， and_________.
　　A. I was neither B. neither was I
　　C． I was either D. either was I
　　2. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.
　　— ________ .
　　A. Nor am I B. neither would I
　　C. Same with me D. So do I
　　 解题要领：neither或nor置于句首时，表示前面句子中的否定内容也适用于另一人或物。以neither / nor开头的倒装句结构为：neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语（there be 句型倒装后应为be there）。
　　 答案与解析：1. B。本题以neither开头，前面句子的内容是否定的wasn’t happy。
　　2. B。本题倒装句中的助动词应为would。
　　 考点延伸：以so开头的倒装句结构与neither开头的倒装句结构相类似。
　　 考点4：以never开头的倒装句
　　 （2006安徽） Never in my wildest dreams__________ these people are living in such poor conditions.
　　 A. I could imagine
　　 B. could I imagine
　　 C. I couldn’t imagine
　　 D. couldn’t I imagine
　　 解题要领：以never开头的倒装句的结构为：never或never + 副词 / 介词短语 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分 + 其他成分。
　　 答案与解析：答案为B。当never等否定意义的词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
　　 考点延伸：与此类倒装句结构相类似的还有：little / seldom / hardly / rarely / in no way / at no time / by no means / in no case ... + 助动词 + 句子剩余成分；no sooner ... than ... （一……就……）；hardly (scarcely barely) ... when ...（一……就……）。
　　 考点5: 含not only ... but also ...的部分倒装句
　　 (2004上海)_________snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
　　 A. Not only they bought
　　 B. Not only did they bring
　　 C. Not only bought they
　　 D. Not only they did bring
　　 解题要领： not only ... but also ...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首时，则not only后面分句中的主、谓语要部分倒装，but后面分句中的主谓语不倒装。这种部分倒装的结构为：not only + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分 + 其他成分。
　　 答案与解析：答案为B。not only ... but also ...连接两个分句置于句首时，将助动词提到主语前面。

注意： not only ... but also ...用来连接并列主语位于句首时，不用倒装语序。例如：
　　 Not only I but also Tom and Jack are tired of having one examination after another.
　　 考点6：与虚拟条件句有关的倒装句
　　 （2006湖北）_________fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
　　 A. Would you be
　　 B. Should you be
　　 C. Will have been working
　　 D. Had worked
　　 解题要领：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若省略了连词if，则直接把were, had或should放在句首，句子其余成分的顺序不变。
　　 答案与解析：答案为B。句意为：如果你被解雇，你的医疗保健和其他利益不会立即停掉。与将来相反，相当于if you should be fired。
　　 考点7：以not开头的倒装句
　　 （2008陕西） Not until the motor bike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it.
　　 A． he stopped B. did he stop
　　 C. stopped he D. he did stop
　　 解题要领：以not until开头的倒装句的结构是：not + until引导的分句或名词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语。
　　 答案与解析：答案为B。not until引导的分句位于句首时，用部分倒装，时态为一般过去时。
　　 考点8：与so ... that有关的倒装句
　　 解题要领： so引起的倒装句的结构为：so + 形容词 / 副词 + 主句助动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分 + 其他成分。
　　 注意： that从句中的主语和谓语不倒装。
　　 （2007陕西）_________that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
　　 A. So successful her business was
　　 B. So successful was her business
　　 C. So her business was successful
　　 D． So was her successful business
　　 答案与解析：答案为B。so + 形容词位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
　　 考点延伸：以 such开头的倒装句的结构为： such + （a / an） + 形容词 / 名词 + 主句助动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分。Such a difficult problem is it that nobody can work it out.
　　 三、 特殊倒装 　　
　　 考点9： as引导的让步状语从句
　　 （2007重庆）_________， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
　　 A. Strange as might it sound
　　 B. As it might sound strange
　　 C. As strange it might sound
　　 D. Strange as it might sound
　　 解题要领：as引导的倒装句的结构为：名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语。
　　 答案与解析：答案为D。符合as引导的倒装句句型：形容词 + as + 主语 + 谓语。
　　 考点10： however引导的让步状语从句
　　 （2007陕西） This is a very interesting book， I will buy it，_________.
　　 A. how much may it cost
　　 B. no matter how it may cost
　　 C. however much it may cost
　　 D. how may it cost
　　 解题要领： however引导的倒装句结构为：However + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语,句子其余成分的顺序不变。
　　 答案与解析：答案为C。本题考查however引导的让步状语从句的语序。
　　【巩固练习】
　　1. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,_________ .
　　 A. he will either B. neither will he
　　 C. he neither will D. either he will
　　2. Little _________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
　　 A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
　　 C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
　　3. We’ll have to finish the job,_________.
　　A. long it takes however
　　B. it takes however long
　　C. long however it takes
　　D. however long it takes
　　4. —Why can’t I smoke?
　　 —At no time _________ in the meeting room.
　　 A. smoking is permitted
　　 B. is smoking permitted
　　 C. permits smoking
　　 D. does smoke permit
　　5. Only in this way _________ hope to improvethe situation there.
　　 A. you can B. can you
　　 C. you are D. are you
　　6. —My room gets very cold at night.
　　 —_________.
　　 A. So is mine B. So mine is
　　 C. So does mine D. So mine does
　　7. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress.
　　 A. the teacher is not satisfied
　　 B. is the teacher not satisfied

　　 C. the teacher is satisfied
　　 D. is the teacher satisfied
　　8. No sooner_________than the telephone rang.
　　 A. did he sat down B. he had sat down
　　 C. had he sat down D. he sat down
　　9. —Did you see who the driver was?
　　 —No, so quickly _________ that I couldn’t get
　　a good look at his face.
　　A. does the car speed by
　　B. the car sped by
　　C. did the car speed by
　　D. the car speeds by
　　10. _________, he wasn’t able to educate his own child well.
　　 A. Teacher as he was
　　 B. Teacher although he is
　　 C. A teacher as he was
　　 D. As he was a teacher
　　11. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_________ wither each other.
　　 A. they had quarreled
　　 B. they have quarreled
　　 C. have they quarreled
　　 D. had they quarreled
　　12. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _________so lonely as now.
　　 A. have I felt B. I had felt
　　 C. I have felt D. had I felt
　　Keys: 1-5 BDDBB    6-10 CDCCA    11-12 CA