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2008年福建省高考英语试卷分析与讲解(III)

(2008-06-24 09:01:38)
标签:

高考

解析

教育

2008年福建省高考英语试卷分析与讲解(III)

三、阅读理解

近三年福建省高考卷阅读量和读速比较

年份

短文词数

选项词数

总词数

参考时间

读速

2006福建卷

1282

614

1896

40m

49.9w/pm

2007福建卷

1321

647

1968

40m

49.2w/pm

2008福建卷

1571

700

2271

40m

56.7w/pm

 

试题特点:

今年的试题明显的对学生的阅读速度要求高了很多,重点考查学生处理及加工信息的能力。所选材料更具教育性和思想性,试题体现了生活化和实用性,在一定程度上反映出与新课改接轨的趋势。

 

解题思路:

A

After the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletics have gone home and the television audience has switched off, another group of athletics and fans will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability. But in Beijing in 2008, for the first time, one of the greatest paralympics will not be taking part.

She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson. Born with spine bifida (脊椎裂) which left her paralysed from the waist down. Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7. At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back.

Indeed, Tanni’s athletic career took off. In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100 metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games.

In 1998, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories.

Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation(动机), part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员) enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to see…. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”

Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics-a top level athletic career covering two decades. She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records.

What advice does she have for young athletes? “Work hard at your studies, and then train, train and train again.”

分析:这是一篇有关残疾运动员个人励志的文章,故事性较强,对学生个人成长有一定的鞭策作用。

56. Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen?

A. Basketball       B. Swimming.       C. Tennis.      D. Horse-riding.

正确答案为D细节理解题。根据第二段中At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom.一句中“be (not)keen on(不喜欢)…”、“apart from(除了…..之外)”就可得出正确答案。

57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?

A. In 1984.         B. In 1988.         C. In 1992.      D. In 2007.

    正确答案为C细节理解题。结合第四段中Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay,… 可以推出正确答案。

58. The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______.

A. fifty weeks’ training             B. being a good sprinter

C. training almost every day         D. part motivation and part preparation

正确答案为C细节理解题。误选A选项的学生只单纯看到了前面的“I train 50 weeks of the year that…”,他们没有联系前两句“The training I do that enables me…”,由于断章取义而导致丢分。

59. What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?

a. She works as a coach.          

b. She took up athletics.

c. She won four gold medals in Barcelona.   

d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games.

e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.

A. b, d, c, e a    B. a, d, b, c ,e     C. A,d,c,e,b       D. b.d.a.e.c

    正确答案为A解答本题只要用代入淘汰法就行,很显然She works as a coach.是最后才发生的事情,故a小点只能排最后。

60. What can we learn from Tanni’s success?

A. Union is strength.              B. Never too late to learn.

C. Well begun is half done.         D. No pains, no gains.

正确答案为D该题为主旨概括题,读懂整篇文章就不难得出正确答案。

 

B

For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.

The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.

Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.

“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, ” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.”

61. The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refers to kids who are ______.

A. tired of being praised             B. worthy of being praised

C. very proud of being praised        D. extremely fond of being praised

正确答案为D推理判断兼主旨概括,在通读全篇文章的情况下还要排除C选项的干扰。

62. The author quoted(引用) Dr. Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article _____. 

A. better-known   B. better-organized  C. more persuasive  D. more interesting

正确答案为C推理判断题,根据构词法推出persuade与persuasive为同根词,其中文含义不言自喻。

63. We can infer from the passage that _____.

A. praise for efforts should be more encouraged

B. praise for results works better than praise for efforts

C. praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life

D. praising a child’s abilities encourage him or her to take on challenges

正确答案为A结合第三段可以得出正确答案。

C

We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.

How to use your NatWest Servicecard

As a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sports of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft(透支) )to cover it. It is also a cheque guarantee(担保) card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.

How to use your NatWest Cashcard

You can use your Cashcard as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo.  It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw(提取) what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.

Using your card abroad

You can also use your Servicecard and Cashcard when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed.

We take a commission charge(手续费) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to £4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro to pay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.62%.

How to use your NatWest Credit Card

With your credit card you can do the following:

Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest-free credit.

Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Mastercard or Visa logo.

Collect one AIR MILE for every £20 of spending that appears on your statement(结算单).

(This does not include foreign currency or traveler’s cheques bought, interest and other charges.)

64. If you carry the Servicecard or the Cashcard, _______.

A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wish

B. you can draw your money from cash machines conveniently

C. you can spend as much money as you like without a limit

D. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK

    正确答案为B细节理解题。综合第三段最后一句And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.和第五段第二句It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide.可以得出正确答案。

65. If you withdraw £200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged ______.

A. £4         B. £4.5        C. £5.25            D. £5.3

正确答案为A细节理解题。误选B项的同学没有看懂原文中的(up to £4)“上限4英镑”。

66. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?

A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.

B. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.

C. You can use the card in any shop across the world.

D. You will gain one air mile if you spend £20 on traveller’s cheques.

    正确答案为B细节理解题。根据…and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest-free credit.一句可知:可享有56天的免息使用,超出两个月自然要支付利息了。

67. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to ______.

A. play your cards right          B. use your cards abroad

C. draw cash with your cards      D. pay for goods with your cards

正确答案为A主旨概括题,整篇文章都是讲各种card的使用(这里的play=use,不要误解为打扑克牌)。

 

D

   The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.

   Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed.

   For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)

   Use energy-efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat(恒温器) and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.

Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.

Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.

Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.

Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.

Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs(荧光灯), which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs(白炽灯).

Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year.

Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg---assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.

68. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to       .

A. make rooms quieter              B. control room temperature

C. turn off the air conditioner         D. reduce room air pollution

    正确答案为B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句…automatically adjust the indoor climate with…可以得知the thermostat是用来自动调节室内温度的。

69. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages       .

A. planting leafy trees around your home

B. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house

C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day

D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs

正确答案为C细节理解题。根据第八段Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day…一句可以判断C选项为错误做法,而其他三个选项文中都认为是正确做法。

70. According to the passage, you can save fuel by       .

A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans   B. sharing cars with others on workdays

C. turning off everything not in use     D. reducing 10% of your car trips every year

正确答案为B细节理解题。要注意审题,本题问的是save fuel。

71. This passage is mainly about          .

A. energy-saving tips          B. fuel-saving tips         

C. do-it-yourself tips           D. environment-protecting tips

    正确答案为A主旨概括题。通篇讲的是save energy,而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。

 

E

A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increase the risk.

Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.

Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.

But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.

The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.

The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.

72. The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means       .

A. evidence        B. facts          C. faults              D. failures

正确答案为C细节理解题。文章第一段就开门见山指出:到目前为止还没证据表明sunscreen会增加skin cancer的几率,接下来的段落也解释了使用sunscreen跟skin cancer没有必然的联系,故排除A、B选项。

73. People with fair skin and freckles          .

A. seldom use sunscreen              B. are more in danger of skin cancer

C. can be free from the harm of the sun   D. often expose themselves to the sun

    正确答案为B细节理解题。根据第五段中的…that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑),…可以找到正确答案。

74. We can learn from the passage that          .

A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

    正确答案为D细节理解题。根据第三段中的…,which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.可以获取正确信息。

75. Which of the following can be the title for this passage?

A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer    B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen    D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

    正确答案为A主旨概括题。读完全文可知:sunscreen有助于防癌。

 

复习策略:

1.每日坚持课外阅读3-5篇文章,激发阅读兴趣,注意阅读材料题材与体裁的多样性,关注不同领域知识的相互渗透。

2.要养成良好的阅读习惯,不要点读,减少回读,学会并运用跳读与扫读技巧快速获取关键信息,特别要善于对文章作者的态度与观点进行合理的推断。

3.加强对英语句式的研究,特别是长句分析,分清主干结构,这是一个阅读基本功。

 

 

2008年福建省高考英语试卷分析与讲解(IV)

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ed902a501009pvv.html

 

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