仁爱版9年级上  Unit 4 Topic 3 Section D学案

一.  学习内容

1. 了解我们的行星.

 2．掌握情态动词的被动语态.

二、学习要求

1.必会生词和短语

life, millions of years, on other planets, the earth, go around, seven, the solar system,

universe, launch, explore, beyond, discover, message, information, alone

2.必会主要句型

1. Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for millions of years.

.2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system .

3. Scientists have launched many spaceships to explore other planets in the solar system,

 4. Why has no one from other planets sent us a message?

5.  with so many stars in space, are we alone, or is there life on other planets in space.

三、本节课的学习要点及考点

重点句型：

1. Beyond 在…之外,超出….(范围)   如:

Beyond the mountain there is a temple

山的那边有一座庙,

What happened was beyond my control.发生的事情是我无法控制的

2. Alone .lonely 的区别和用法:.alone表示 “单独,独自一个人”不含感情色彩,如: she lives alone but she doesn’t feel lonely ,lonely a lonely village

她独自住着,但并不感到孤独.

lonely指人孤独寂寞,指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的伤感色彩,可用定语或表语.如:a lonely village孤寂的村庄.

3. …there has been… 已经有…, 是there be 句型的现在完成时态,

其结构是there have/has been…

 如: there have been many kinds of robots so far.

There be 结构的其他时态形式还有: there may be … 可能有… , there will be…

There is / are going to be…

4. yet, already, still 都可用作副词, 且都有已经,还的意思, 但用法不同, yet 通常与或现在完成时连用,常用于疑问句,否定句中;already 主要用于肯定句中, 常用于完成时, 也可用于一般过去,如果是系表结构的句子,也可用于一般现在; still常用于肯定句, 表示某时尚在进行中. 如:

Is supper ready yet?

I have ready seen the film.

Does he still work in the factory?

He has not yet begun to work.

四、学习过程

（一）课前预习

1.课前预习课本P_99-100

2. .课前预习 同步练习与测试 Unit 4 Topic 3 Section D练习

3. 练一练

1. 科学家们认为在地球上生物已经存在了数百万年

2. 太阳和它的行星被称作太阳系.

3. 科学家已经发射很多宇宙飞船去探索太阳系的 行星.

4. 为什么没有来自其他行星的人给我们发送信息呢?

5.太空中有如此多的星星, 我们是孤独的, 还是在太空其他行星上也存在生命呢?

1. Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for millions of years.

.2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system .

3. Scientists have launched many spaceships to explore other planets in the solar system,

 4. Why has no one from other planets sent us a message?

5.  with so many stars in space, are we alone, or is there life on other planets in space.

（二）.课堂探究

含情态动词的被动语态

一、概念
含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。可用于被动语态的情态动词有can, may, must, need, should等，分别表示"能够被......；可以被......；必须被......；应该被......"等。
二、转变方法
（一）将主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
（二）将含情态动词的主动句式变成被动句式，即："情态动词+动词原形"变成"情态动词+be+过去分词"，然后再在其后加"by+主动句中的主语（人称代词用宾格）"。by短语也可省略。
请看下列各句：
1: You should finish your homework at once.

被动句为：Your homework should be finished(by you) at once.
2: You can take this book home.
被动句为：This book can be taken home (by you).
三、句式变换
含情态动词的疑问句、否定句的变化均需借助于情态动词完成。
（一）一般疑问句 直接将被动语态的陈述句中的情态动词提前。
Must this work be done at once? 这项工作必须立即完成吗？
Should your homework be finished before six? 你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗？
（二）特殊疑问句 由特殊疑问词加上被动语态的一般疑问句构成。
When must this work be done? 这项工作必须在什么时候完成？
Where can the book be found？ 这本书在什么地方能被找到呢？
（三）反意疑问句 This bridge can be built next year, can't it? 这座桥明年能建成，是吗？
This book shouldn't be taken out of the library, should it? 这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？
（四）否定句 在情态动词后面加上not或never即可，但must表"必要"时否定式为needn't。
This work needn't be done at once. 这项工作没必要立即做。
This problem can't be worked out very easily. 这道试题不能轻而易举地算出来。
四、回答
回答应保留原情态动词，但must表"必须"时，其否定回答应用needn't，need表"必要"时，其肯定回答应用must。
-Should my homework be finished today?
--我的作业应在今天完成吗？
-Yes, it should./ No, it shouldn't.
--是的，应在今天完成。/不，不应在今天完成。
-Must his exercise book be handed in at once？
--他的练习本必须立即上交吗？
-Yes, it must. / No, it needn't.
--是的，必须立即上交。/ 不，不必立即上交。

（三） 提高 拓展的练习

将下列句子改为被动语态.

(1)We can see many stars in the sky on a fine evening.

 (2)You may find life on other planets one day.

 (3)They must record their daily life in the spaceship.

 (4)We should study the universe carefully.

 (5)The human beings mustn’t throw garbage into space.

1.→The universe should be studied carefully.

2.→Many stars can be seen in the sky on a fine evening.

3.→Life may be found on other planets one day.

4.→Their daily life in the spaceship must be recorded.

5.→Garbage mustn’t be thrown into space.

S₈:

（四）自学问题记录：