无穷小(Infinitesimal)的数学定义
(2013-06-21 00:23:55)
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I. THE EXTENSION PRINCIPLE
(a) The real numbers form a subset of the hyperreal numbers, and the order relation x < y for the real numbers is a subset of the order relation for the hyperreal numbers.
(b) There is a hyperreal number that is greater than zero but less than every positive real number.
(c) For every real function f of one or more variables we are given a corresponding hyperreal function f* of the same number of variables. f* is called the natural extension of f .
Part (a) of the Extension Principle says that the real line is a part of the hyperreal line. To explain part (b) of the Extension Principle, we give a careful definition of an infinitesimal.
DEFINITION
A hyperreal number b is said to be:
positive infinitesimal if b is positive but less than every positive real number.
negative infinitesimal if b is negative but greater than every negative real number.
Infinitesimal if b is either positive infinitesimal, negative infinitesimal. or zero.