如何管理正回购的杠杆!
(2013-06-23 16:25:51)
标签:
股票财经行情 |
分类: 财务自由之路 |
近期高等级的大盘可转债大跌,让高杠杆持有者惊出一身冷汗,正回购是一把双刃剑,做的好可以放大收益,做的不好可以放大亏损,那么我们如何对杠杆进行管理,保证不会因为杠杆受伤,到情绪失控呢?
第一个例子是融资盘杠杆,假设自有资金100元,再融资100元,初始杠杆为2,未来始终保持100元的融资盘不变,我们做一次沙盘演练。
1、融资盘杠杆
指数 | 净值 | 自有资金 | 融资资金 | 总金额 | 杠杆 |
100 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 2.00 |
95 | 0.9 | 90 | 100 | 190 | 2.11 |
90 | 0.8 | 80 | 100 | 180 | 2.25 |
85 | 0.7 | 70 | 100 | 170 | 2.43 |
80 | 0.6 | 60 | 100 | 160 | 2.67 |
75 | 0.5 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 3.00 |
70 | 0.4 | 40 | 100 | 140 | 3.50 |
65 | 0.3 | 30 | 100 | 130 | 4.33 |
60 | 0.2 | 20 | 100 | 120 | 6.00 |
55 | 0.1 | 10 | 100 | 110 | 11.00 |
50 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
当指数从100点下跌到50点,融资者爆仓,股市下跌中,杠杆比率不断上升,是导致爆仓的原因
本次大盘下跌,肯定另很多融资盘很受伤,因为一些融资盘的杠杆比率是10,也就是下跌10%就爆仓了,所以融资盘炒股,很容易资产清零,再无翻身的机会。
2、衡定杠杆操作
指数 | 净值 | 自有资金 | 融资资金 | 总金额 | 杠杆 | 融资增减 | 调整后总金额 | 调整后杠杆 |
100 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 200 | 2.00 |
98 | 0.96 | 96 | 100.00 | 196 | 2.04 | -4.00 | 192 | 2.00 |
96 | 0.920816 | 92.08163 | 96.00 | 188.0816 | 2.04 | -3.92 | 184.163265 | 2.00 |
94 | 0.882449 | 88.2449 | 92.08 | 180.3265 | 2.04 | -3.84 | 176.489796 | 2.00 |
92 | 0.844898 | 84.4898 | 88.24 | 172.7347 | 2.04 | -3.76 | 168.979592 | 2.00 |
90 | 0.808163 | 80.81633 | 84.49 | 165.3061 | 2.05 | -3.67 | 161.632653 | 2.00 |
88 | 0.772245 | 77.22449 | 80.82 | 158.0408 | 2.05 | -3.59 | 154.44898 | 2.00 |
86 | 0.737143 | 73.71429 | 77.22 | 150.9388 | 2.05 | -3.51 | 147.428571 | 2.00 |
84 | 0.702857 | 70.28571 | 73.71 | 144 | 2.05 | -3.43 | 140.571429 | 2.00 |
82 | 0.669388 | 66.93878 | 70.29 | 137.2245 | 2.05 | -3.35 | 133.877551 | 2.00 |
80 | 0.636735 | 63.67347 | 66.94 | 130.6122 | 2.05 | -3.27 | 127.346939 | 2.00 |
78 | 0.604898 | 60.4898 | 63.67 | 124.1633 | 2.05 | -3.18 | 120.979592 | 2.00 |
76 | 0.573878 | 57.38776 | 60.49 | 117.8776 | 2.05 | -3.10 | 114.77551 | 2.00 |
74 | 0.543673 | 54.36735 | 57.39 | 111.7551 | 2.06 | -3.02 | 108.734694 | 2.00 |
72 | 0.514286 | 51.42857 | 54.37 | 105.7959 | 2.06 | -2.94 | 102.857143 | 2.00 |
70 | 0.485714 | 48.57143 | 51.43 | 100 | 2.06 | -2.86 | 97.1428571 | 2.00 |
68 | 0.457959 | 45.79592 | 48.57 | 94.36735 | 2.06 | -2.78 | 91.5918367 | 2.00 |
66 | 0.43102 | 43.10204 | 45.80 | 88.89796 | 2.06 | -2.69 | 86.2040816 | 2.00 |
64 | 0.404898 | 40.4898 | 43.10 | 83.59184 | 2.06 | -2.61 | 80.9795918 | 2.00 |
62 | 0.379592 | 37.95918 | 40.49 | 78.44898 | 2.07 | -2.53 | 75.9183673 | 2.00 |
60 | 0.355102 | 35.5102 | 37.96 | 73.46939 | 2.07 | -2.45 | 71.0204082 | 2.00 |
58 | 0.331429 | 33.14286 | 35.51 | 68.65306 | 2.07 | -2.37 | 66.2857143 | 2.00 |
56 | 0.308571 | 30.85714 | 33.14 | 64 | 2.07 | -2.29 | 61.7142857 | 2.00 |
54 | 0.286531 | 28.65306 | 30.86 | 59.5102 | 2.08 | -2.20 | 57.3061224 | 2.00 |
52 | 0.265306 | 26.53061 | 28.65 | 55.18367 | 2.08 | -2.12 | 53.0612245 | 2.00 |
50 | 0.244898 | 24.4898 | 26.53 | 51.02041 | 2.08 | -2.04 | 48.9795918 | 2.00 |
52 | 0.26449 | 26.44898 | 24.49 | 50.93878 | 1.93 | 1.96 | 52.8979592 | 2.00 |
54 | 0.284835 | 28.48352 | 26.45 | 54.9325 | 1.93 | 2.03 | 56.967033 | 2.00 |
56 | 0.305934 | 30.59341 | 28.48 | 59.07692 | 1.93 | 2.11 | 61.1868132 | 2.00 |
58 | 0.327786 | 32.77865 | 30.59 | 63.37206 | 1.93 | 2.19 | 65.5572998 | 2.00 |
60 | 0.350392 | 35.03925 | 32.78 | 67.8179 | 1.94 | 2.26 | 70.0784929 | 2.00 |
62 | 0.373752 | 37.3752 | 35.04 | 72.41444 | 1.94 | 2.34 | 74.7503925 | 2.00 |
64 | 0.397865 | 39.7865 | 37.38 | 77.1617 | 1.94 | 2.41 | 79.5729984 | 2.00 |
66 | 0.422732 | 42.27316 | 39.79 | 82.05965 | 1.94 | 2.49 | 84.5463108 | 2.00 |
68 | 0.448352 | 44.83516 | 42.27 | 87.10832 | 1.94 | 2.56 | 89.6703297 | 2.00 |
70 | 0.474725 | 47.47253 | 44.84 | 92.30769 | 1.94 | 2.64 | 94.9450549 | 2.00 |
72 | 0.501852 | 50.18524 | 47.47 | 97.65777 | 1.95 | 2.71 | 100.370487 | 2.00 |
74 | 0.529733 | 52.97331 | 50.19 | 103.1586 | 1.95 | 2.79 | 105.946625 | 2.00 |
76 | 0.558367 | 55.83673 | 52.97 | 108.81 | 1.95 | 2.86 | 111.673469 | 2.00 |
78 | 0.587755 | 58.77551 | 55.84 | 114.6122 | 1.95 | 2.94 | 117.55102 | 2.00 |
80 | 0.617896 | 61.78964 | 58.78 | 120.5651 | 1.95 | 3.01 | 123.579278 | 2.00 |
82 | 0.648791 | 64.87912 | 61.79 | 126.6688 | 1.95 | 3.09 | 129.758242 | 2.00 |
84 | 0.68044 | 68.04396 | 64.88 | 132.9231 | 1.95 | 3.16 | 136.087912 | 2.00 |
86 | 0.712841 | 71.28414 | 68.04 | 139.3281 | 1.95 | 3.24 | 142.568289 | 2.00 |
88 | 0.745997 | 74.59969 | 71.28 | 145.8838 | 1.96 | 3.32 | 149.199372 | 2.00 |
90 | 0.779906 | 77.99058 | 74.60 | 152.5903 | 1.96 | 3.39 | 155.981162 | 2.00 |
92 | 0.814568 | 81.45683 | 77.99 | 159.4474 | 1.96 | 3.47 | 162.913658 | 2.00 |
94 | 0.849984 | 84.99843 | 81.46 | 166.4553 | 1.96 | 3.54 | 169.99686 | 2.00 |
96 | 0.886154 | 88.61538 | 85.00 | 173.6138 | 1.96 | 3.62 | 177.230769 | 2.00 |
98 | 0.923077 | 92.30769 | 88.62 | 180.9231 | 1.96 | 3.69 | 184.615385 | 2.00 |
100 | 0.960754 | 96.07535 | 92.31 | 188.383 | 1.96 | 3.77 | 192.150706 | 2.00 |
第二个例子,大盘每下跌2%,就对杠杆做调整,始终保证杠杆比率是2倍。
经过演算,大盘下跌50%,2倍杠杆投资没有爆仓,净值剩余大约0.25
当大盘再上涨100%,指数恢复到100时,净值恢复到0.96
目前正回购的标准券设置,掐死了最大杠杆比率,属于衡定杠杆操作,只要没有信用风险和流动性风险,投资者没有崩盘的可能性。
并且低位减仓高位加仓,对净值有影响,但影响不是很大,即使出现下跌50%的黑天鹅事件,只要价格恢复,对净值的伤害仅4%左右。
所以,持有中行转债、石化转债的投资者,只要债券到期兑付,永远没有爆仓的风险,爆仓只有一种可能,就是被吓坏了低位割肉。