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【挪威巴洛克时期诗人——彼得·达斯Petter Dass】

(2014-05-22 14:52:03)
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文化

【挪威巴洛克时期诗人——彼得·达斯Petter <wbr>Dass】

【挪威巴洛克时期诗人——彼得·达斯Petter <wbr>Dass】
【挪威巴洛克时期诗人——彼得·达斯Petter <wbr>Dass】

【挪威巴洛克时期诗人——彼得·达斯Petter <wbr>Dass】

【挪威巴洛克时期诗人——彼得·达斯Petter <wbr>Dass】


   彼得·达斯Petter Dass(1647~1707),挪威巴洛克时期的天才诗人。他的作品大多为宗教题材,同时也描写北挪威沿海的奇异景色、丰富的海洋资源和渔民们艰险的生活。
   1647年7月1日出生。长期任神职,在挪威北部的阿尔斯塔海于格地方当牧师,向该地区散居的渔民、牧民和农民布道终其一生。同时并从事诗歌创作。当时挪威文坛上学究风气盛行,各类文章和文学作品尽是雕琢词藻。而他却始终保持自己的独特风格。
    在创作方面,达斯着意描写人世间的现实生活,同时也强调唯有上帝才是永恒不变的,如“上帝仍为上帝,即使地老天荒;上帝仍为上帝,总是人人皆亡。” 但有时他在同一首赞美诗中,也描写挪威北部的乡村生活,如鲂鱼、鳕鱼和黑鳕鱼等,反映了巴洛克时期作品的典型特征。他一方面描写今生与现实人间的生活,另一方面也描写天上与来世的情景。这会使人想起柏拉图将宇宙分成具体的感官世界与不变的概念世界的理论。
    达斯的诗歌以文字清新活泼、语言通俗著称,深为社会中下层读者所喜爱,并在教区居民间广为传诵。然而最负盛名的还是他作于1678—1700年间创作的诗集《诺尔兰的号角》。在这部作品中,作者通过自己的诗歌,精确而又风趣的描绘出诺尔兰地区的自然风貌、人民和生活。该诗集直到1739年他死后32年才被整理出版。1683年还出版有诗集《挪威山谷之歌》。这些作品靠手抄流传民间。他运用北部的方言进行创作,他的作品对后世的文学创作产生了深远影响,对挪威民族的觉醒起过重要作用。在他去世一个半世纪以后,著名诗人比尔吉塔·韦尔哈文对他作了很高评价,因而确立了他在挪威文学史上的地位
 

   Petter Dass was the vicar of Alstadhaug, in Nordland, and Norway's greatest 17th-century writer. http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/dass01a.jpgDass】" /> He composed hymns and poetry, but only a small thin book, containing some of his works, was printed in his lifetime. His most renowned work was The Trumpet of Nordland. Printed as late as 1739, this is a depiction of northern Norway and Petter Dass's way of paying homage to this part of the country. He praises the people and their way of life. All of the pursuits and regions that he loved are written about in this manuscript. And everything is looked upon as God's work of creation.

All are greeted in his introduction:

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/transparent.gifDass】" /> I greet you, my Nordland's inhabitants, friends,
From host of the house to the poor hired man,
           Be greeted my people of Nordland.

His enthusiasm, however, is not quite the same when it comes to the weather:

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/transparent.gifDass】" /> If you should inquire of the climate and sky,
Then know what no northerner here can deny,
           It gives us the sorest of trials,

The fish in the sea are praised:

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/transparent.gifDass】" /> The fish in the water our livelihood is;
If he stays away, then our lives are amiss;
           We sigh in distress and in terror.

And, even here at the edge of the world, nature is bountiful:

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/transparent.gifDass】" /> It seems that, far out on the edge of the earth,
old nature has found its good way to give birth
           To rare and to splendid abundance.

His parting is similar in fashion:

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/transparent.gifDass】" /> A thousand farewells, and my thanks for the walk!
And herewith conclude I my nordlandish talk.
           My rooster, be done with your crowing!

 
The Trumpet of Nordland has resulted in numerous editions that are beautifully illustrated.

http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/top.gifDass】" />

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