How
Women Changed History / 女人如何改变了历史
By
Vivienne Gill
女人如何改变了历史? –
这个标题,也许让你略感意外。改变历史,乃整个人类的活动所致,怎么能分男女而述?此文,述有创意,叙有文采。读后,你自然明白。--
哦,女人,不简单,真的改变了我们的历史呢!
Men
sometimes say, “We are better and cleverer than women. Women never
invent things. We do. ” It is true that men have invented a lot of
useful things: the alphabet, machines, rockets, and guns, too.
译文:男人们常说:“我们比女人更能干,更聪明。女人从未发明过什么东西,男人能。”的确,男人发明了许多有用的东西。比如:字母表,机器,火箭,还有枪炮呢。
点评亮点:
1/ Men
sometimes say / We do;其中的Men /
we先后被翻译成“男人”,佳译!
2/ better
and cleverer →
更能干,更聪明;避免了死译!better未译“更好”,而译“更能干”,准确。因为better的含义之一就是:more
highly skilled or adept than another or others /
较擅长的,比另一个或其他的具有更高技能的 (《美国传统词典》)。
But
scientists and archeologists now agree that women invented one very
important thing. It has changed history. They invented
agriculture.
译文:然而,现在科学家和考古学家一致认为,女人发明了一样极其重要的东西。这样东西改变了人类的历史。她们发明了--
农业。
点评亮点:
1/ It →
这样东西;It has changed history → 这样东西改变了人类的历史;
初译者见代词It,通常会译汉语代词,如“这”。须知,英语多用代词,而汉语则多用名词;
2/ It has
changed history. → 这样东西改变了人类的历史;has
changed没有硬译成“已经改变”,英译汉,见现在完成时,就译“已经”,那还了得?
3/ They
invented agriculture. → 她们发明了--
农业;添加一个破折号,有创意焉!从语言学角度讲,agriculture是句子的述位(rheme),是读者的未知信息(new
information),破折号,不仅强调意味趋浓,而且还略增悬念(suspense)。
Before the invention of agriculture men were hunters. They went out
every day. Sometimes they killed animals — sometimes animals
killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous.
译文:在农业发明之前,男人是狩猎者。他们天天外出。有时,男人捕杀动物
-- 有时,动物捕杀男人。生活艰难而又危险。
点评亮点:
1/ they
killed animals — sometimes animals killed them.→
两个killed皆译成了“捕杀”,妙译!“重复”(repetition)是一种修辞,也是一种美,拙中见巧之美。动词killed,重复使用,值得品味。人类之初,人与野兽,谁捕杀谁?尚在“拉锯”。
假如有译者追求“文采”,无视原句的重复遣词,而译成:他们捕杀动物,动物也追杀他们。
- 则是弄巧成拙。
Women had
to go out every day, too. They collected roots, fruit and grasses.
Then, one day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some
grass seeds.
译文:那时,女人也不得不每天外出劳作。她们挖掘根茎、采摘果实,或是收割野草。然后,有一天(一万多年前),一个女人在地上撒落了一些草籽。
点评亮点:
1/ They
collected roots, fruit and grasses.→
她们挖掘根茎、采摘果实,或是收割野草;
译者用了三个“四字结构”,表达丰满,汉译表达之“美”,略胜原句一筹。
2/ Then,
one day, more than 10,000 years ago →
然后,有一天(一万多年前);
圆括号加得好,译文因此畅洁了许多,至少,比“然后在一万年之前的某一天”要好。
She
dropped them near her home in the Middle East. They grew — and the
first wheat was born. The idea grew, too. Women planted roots and
fruit trees.
译文:她在住处(位于中东)附近撒落这些草籽。草籽开始生长
----
就这样,第一批麦子问世了。她们的想法也随之“生长”。女人开始埋种根茎,培植果树。
点评亮点:
1/ They
grew — and …… idea grew, too. → 草籽开始生长 ----
就这样,第一批麦子问世了。她们的想法也随之“生长”。
佳译!“重复”(grew / grew)再现,译文中也相应出现了重复(生长 /
“生长”)!彼此呼应,别具词趣。
2/ Women
planted roots and fruit trees. → 女人开始埋种根茎,培植果树。
原句的一个动词(planted),汉译得以适当演绎,且为“四字结构”!
Then they
could stay at home and look after the children — and the animals.
Women like baby animals. Archeologists think that women kept the
first domestic animals: dogs, cows, sheep and goats. That idea
grew, too.
译文:于是,女人便能守在家中,照顾孩子,还能照管动物。女人喜欢动物幼崽。考古学家还认为,女人圈养了第一批家畜:狗、牛、绵羊和山羊。饲养家畜的想法也同样开始“生长”。
点评亮点:
1/ look
after the children — and the animals →
照顾孩子,还能照管动物;“照顾 / 照管”,有音韵之美;
2/
Archeologists think that …
→考古学家还认为……;添加了一个“还”字,行文更紧凑。 --
体现了“瞻前顾后,左顾右盼”的语篇意识。
3/ That
idea grew, too. →
饲养家畜的想法也同样开始“生长”;佳译!That之译,用名词,而未用代词;grew,又被译成了“生长”!
Then
their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They stayed at
home. They built villages and cities.
译文:
这样,丈夫们便不必外出狩猎觅“肉”。他们留在了家里,建起了乡镇和城市。
点评亮点:
1/ to go
hunting for meat →
狩猎觅“肉”;觅“肉”二字,幽默生动,富有创意;
2/ They
stayed at home. They built villages and cities. →
他们留在了家里,建起了乡镇和城市;虽然英语多长句,汉语多短句,但时有例外。此译“合二为一”,甚好!
Civilization began. Men began civilization — after women invented
agriculture.
译文:人类文明,随之开始。人类开始了文明进程
– 那是在女人创造了农业之后。
点评亮点:
1/
Civilization began. →人类文明,随之开始;译笔精当。
2/ after
women invented agriculture →
那是在女人创造了农业之后。增添“那是在”,译文因此流畅;此外,将invented译成了“创造”,比“发明”更可取。
值得称道的还有,句中的Men未受思维定势影响,误译成“男人”。
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