认识了英汉表达的整饬美,译者的笔下就能出现让人把玩,让人喝彩的佳译。
英译汉之译例:
Why is
this? The reason is that the strange and bitter miracle of life is
nowhere else so evident as in our youth. And what is the essence of
that strange and bitter miracle of life which we feel so
poignantly(令人痛苦地,辛辣的), so
unutterably(非语言所能表达的), with such a bitter pain and joy,
when we are young ? It is this: that being rich, we are so poor;
that being mighty, we can yet have nothing; that seeing, breathing,
smelling, tasting all around us the impossible wealth and glory of
this earth, feeling with an intolerable certitude(确信)that the
whole structure of the enchanted(使迷惑的)life—the most
fortunate, wealthy, good, and happy life that any man has ever
known—is ours—is ours at once, immediately and forever, the
moment that we choose to take a step, or stretch a hand, or say a
word—we yet know that we can really keep, hold, take, and possess
forever—nothing. All passes; nothing lasts: the moment that we put
our hand upon it, it melts away like smoke, is gone forever, and
the snake is eating at our heart again; we see then what we are and
what our lives must come to.
本段摘自一篇题为“The Perplexity of
Youth”的短文。不仅年轻人读了会掩卷而思,就是老年人读了也会心潮澎湃。当然,这种成功的效应首先归功于作者深邃的思想,但是,细细品味,读者又会觉得作者的文字表达起到了推波助澜的作用。这段频繁亮相的parallelism闪烁着整饬美。比如:
文中的All
passes; nothing lasts / it melts away like smoke, is gone
forever和以上的汉语表达“朝思暮想,魂牵梦萦”,“空谷幽兰,荒郊野树”不是有异曲同工之妙吗?
另外,poignantly(令人痛苦地,辛辣的), so unutterably / that being
rich, we are so poor; that being mighty, we can yet have nothing /
seeing, breathing, smelling, tasting all around us / we choose to
take a step, or stretch a hand, or say a word
等等表达,一气呵成,如瀑布直下,语势磅礴,让读者的神思在领略作者的酣畅中得以飞扬,让读者的潜意识在欣赏作者的文采中得以共鸣。
译文:
这是为什么?因为,没有任何时候能像青年时代如此强烈地感受到人生的神奇和悲伤。那么,我们年轻时,所感到的如此强烈、无从表达的人生那种神奇和悲伤的本质究竟是什么呢?是这样的:我们虽然富有,但又很贫穷;虽然我们很强大,然而我们却一无所有。由于我们无时无刻地目睹到、呼吸到、感受到、品味到这个世界根本不可能得到财富和荣誉,一种无法抗拒的自信便油然而生,美妙人生的整个精华——人类所认识到的最宝贵的、富有的、美好的、幸福的人生——都是我们的——立刻、毫不迟疑、永远地归我们所有。但是当我们迈前一步,伸出一只手,或说一句话——这时我们才知道:我们能真正永远拥有、掌握、保留和占据的是——乌有。一切都流逝了,无一幸存。我们刚要抓住它,它却像烟雾一样飘走了,永远地飘走了。我们的心再次被咬噬,于是我们看到了自己的真实的面目和我们的归宿。
能认识和欣赏原文的美,是理解的又一次飞跃。它标志译者的理解水平、文字素养跨上了一个崭新的层次。这一点可以从以上译文中得到印证。
令人抱憾,以上译文却存在一处理解的“硬伤”:
…the
most fortunate, wealthy, good, and happy life that any man has ever
known—is ours—is ours at once, immediately and forever →
人类所认识到的最宝贵的、富有的、美好的、幸福的人生——都是我们的——立刻、毫不迟疑、永远地归我们所有。
译者将at
once, immediately and
forever“捏”在一起,译成“立刻、毫不迟疑、永远地”,可谓“眉毛胡子一把抓”!
at once,
immediately and forever不能“捏”在一起,桥归桥,路归路。其中at
once是“桥”,而immediately and forever则是”“路”。
为什么?本文作者行文十分讲究整饬美,这一点在本段的开始部分已经展现。比如:so
poignantly, so unutterably / that being rich, we are so poor; that
being mighty, we can yet have
nothing等等。所以,译者应该认识到immediately and
forever是延续了这种整饬美。而且从语义上分析,immediately and
forever是一对合情合理的组合,两者相辅相成,含义是“立刻并至永远”。而前面的at
once,不能和immediately and forever混同起来。at once实际上属于happy
life that any man has ever known—is ours —is ours(at
once)中不可分割的一部分。故,the most fortunate, wealthy, good,
and happy life that any man has ever known—is ours—is ours at
once, immediately and forever一句可改译成:
……人类所认识到的最宝贵的、富有的、美好的、幸福的人生——都是我们的——都同时归我们所有。立刻并至永远!
(注:at
once固然有“立刻”的含义,但American Heritage
Dictionary提供了at once的另一个重要含义:all at one time;
simultaneously,立刻;同时。另如:Everything happened at once. The
view of the skyline is at once awesome, grand, and disappointing.
所有的事都一起发生了。天边立刻呈现出令人敬畏的、壮丽的和令人沮丧的景色。上段中的at
once应取此义)