| 分类: 语言学习 |
4.词性不同,词义不同
有些词虽然词性不同,但词义差别不大,如import做动词做名词,都是“进口”的含义。但有些词词性不同,词义相差甚远,如book做名词,意为“书”;做动词,意为“预订”。请看以下right在不同句子里,不同词性的含义。
It is not right for children to sit up late. 孩子们晚睡不好。(形容词)
He made sure that his socks were right side out. 他仔细检查以确保袜子确实是正面朝外的。(形容词)
The plane was right above our heads. 飞机正好飞在我们的头顶上。(副词)
In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reserved. 在底片上,左右,黑白与(照片)正片相反。(名词)
He exercised his legal right as Prime Minister to halt the investigation.他行使首相的法定权力去阻止这场调查。(名词)
The Right are said to be better organized than the Left. 据说右派比左派组织地更好。(名词)
She tried her best to right her husband from charge of robbery. 她尽力为丈夫被控抢劫申冤。(动词)
The ship righted itself after the big wave had passed. 大浪过后,船只又平静了。(动词)
Right, open your mouth. 行啦,把嘴巴张开。(感叹词)
5.词性相同,词义不同
很多时候即使同一词类的一个词,在不同场合的句中,根据汉语的习惯表达,也还需要对词义有所选择。如“work”作动词,除了“工作”含义以外,还可以表示“有效果”。但在以下三个句子中,都不宜将work直接译为“有效果”。括号内为直接译文。
I think your suggestion will work. 我想你的建议行得通。(我想你的建议会有效果。)
The new rules are working well. 新规定执行地很顺利。(新规定效果很好。)
The treatment works like magic. 这种疗法疗效神奇。(这种疗法象魔术一样有效果。)
The forecast says there will be storms. 预报说有暴风雨。
The book provoked a storm of controversy. 这本书挑起了一场激烈的争论。
His last words brought on another storm. 他最后的言辞再次引起了强烈反响。
Her singing took the theatre by storm. 她的演唱使全场观众为之倾倒。
6.词性与词义的关系
He further found that individuals with high approval needs spend a great deal of time in direct eye contact. 在这句话中的needs是名词,与后面的spend没有关系,spend是从句中的谓语动词。need作动词,是“需要,有必要”;作名词,则为“需求”。该句可以译为:他后来又发现,那些有强烈认可需求的个人,更强调直接与人的眼光交流。
For all the problems, growing numbers around the world want to learn American English. 句子乍一看很简单:对于所有这些问题,世界上还是有越来越多的人想要学习美式英语。但仔细推敲,又有些讲不通:对于问题,还怎么越来越多的人学习美语。这里的for all 是一个短语,意为“尽管如此”,相当于in spite of that。正确的译文是:尽管又这样那样的问题,世界上还是有越来越多的人想要学习美式英语。
Given the chance, I’d love to try again. 如果给我机会,我会愿意再试试。(过去分词)
Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验,这事他们已经算是干得不错了。(连词)

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