副 词 做 状 语

《诀窍英语》黄治森 编写

【导论】状语用的佳，句子写得花，听说读写都靠它，情感丰富描天下！

【状语】状语是句子的次要成分、是修饰动词、形容词和其它副词的句子成分。

【副词】表示时间、地点、方式、程度、评说等含义的词就是副词，其主要作用就是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。

【副词的构成】1.一般词尾有-ly, 2.其次有-wise 3. 固定形态 4. 合成词

                 happily        clockwise       fast      everywhere

 【状语重要不重要？】句子的主谓宾、主系表就是主体，状语就是枝叶。

                     句子没有状语也能成立；句没有状语缺少活力。

                    【比如】鲜花没有主干不能生长，没有绿叶不够美丽。

【为何只谈副词做状语】英语中，状语是个很复杂的问题，因为很多词类和短语都可以做状语，我们要一步一步来学，所以分开来陈述。

【状语的种类】方式、地点、时间；原因、目的、条件；结果、比较、让步、程度、解释（态度和观点）。

【副词主要充当的状语】方式、地点、时间、程度、解释（态度和观点）

【状语在句中的位置】前位、中位、后位，只要不按常规出牌就是有名堂。

【方式状语的位置】1. 多用于后置状语 2.强调时可用于前位，3. 宾语部分太长或修辞的原因，可以紧跟动词，用于中位。

【例句】1) She looked at him concernedly.

        2) Gradually she climbed up to the top of the stone stairs.

        3) She listened actively to the teacher in the classroom.

     4) We must learn to speak English fluently and correctly.

5) They warmly welcomed me at their offices.

 

【地点状语】1.以句末为主， 2. 句前为辅，3.句中也可以

1) He is working here.

2) There goes the bell.

3)   单个的地点副词很少在句中做状语的，表示地点的介词短语有很多，一般用于句末或句首。若是单个的地点副词在句中多为后置定语：

The people here are very happy.

The weather tomorrow will be fine.

【时间状语】1. 常用于句末 2. 强调是位于句首  少数情况下位于句中

1）           He went home yesterday.

2）           Yesterday he went home.

3）           He yesterday went home.

  【频度副词】单个的频度副词都是表示不精准的频率，这样的副词通常用在句中，有两个位置：1. be动词和第一个助动词（包括情态动词）之后  2. 无助动词（包括情态动词）时，直接放在谓语动词之前。这是一般原则。

1）           He is always happy to see the pet.

2）           He always eats fish.

3）           He can sometimes eat meet.

4）           You should often have gone to see your parents.

5）           也有不按此规则的：

A.   We go there often

B.   We often go there.

C.   Very often we go there.

【注解】：放在句中为正常，放在句首为强调，放在句末词强调。

像once a week这样的确定的频度短语通常还是放在句末。

【方地时，三种状语同时出现】顺序是：方地时，小到大，要和汉语反说话。

1.   He studied English hard at home last year.

2.   She ran very quickly on the sports ground.

3.   The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.

4.   She was born in Wuhan on the first of August, 1999.

5.   He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha.

 【程度状语】修饰另一副词或形容词的状语就是成都状语，一般放在他所修饰的那个词前面，极少数可以放在后面。

1.   The story is very interesting.

2.   He studies English very hard.

3.   Thank you very much.

4.   You’re old enough to go to school.

 【态度状语/评述状语/句子状语】副词修饰的不是某个词，而是全句。句子状语，多为表示说话者的观点和态度，评价与说明等。在句中位置很灵活，多在句首，在句中、句末也可以。

1.   Fortunately I was here.

2.   frankly，I don’t like it.

3.   It’s a lovely day indeed.

4.   Perhaps you are right.

5.   He absolutely lives from hand to mouth.

6.   I quiet like the idea.

7.   He kindly offered me a seat.

8.   He just arrived here.

9. Frankly, I am not satisfied with it.。

10. Luckily it was not so hot.

11. Seriously I wish to work here.

             【少数副词在句首，句子要倒装】

1.   there, here在句首句子有倒装，看做是习惯用法，牢牢记住：

1）           There goes the bell.

2）           Here comes the bus.

3）           Here we are.我们到了。

4）           Here you are.给你。

2.   never, not, hardly, scarcely, seldom little带有否定含义的副词在句首，句子要倒装：

1)   Not once did he talk to me.

2)   Never did he come here to see me.

3)   Never have I read such a book.

4)   Seldom has he been to Beijing。

5)   Scarcely had he gone out when it began to rain.

6)   Hardly had he arrived when she started to cry.

7)   Little did I think that we were talking for the last time.

3.   often then only so在句首，句子要倒装：

1)   Often did she want to speak of it.

2)   So bright was the moon.

3)   Only then could I do that foolish thing.

4)   Then did I know the truth.

【副词位置不同有时还会含义不同】

　Only I kissed her last night. 昨晚只有我吻了她(即别人没吻她)。

　　I only kissed her last night. 昨晚我只是吻了她(即没干别的事)。

　　I kissed only her last night. 昨晚我吻的只有她(即没吻过别人)。

　　I kissed her only last night [last night only]. 我只是在昨晚才吻了她(即其他时候未吻过)。

　　They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。

　　They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。

　　He answered the question foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。

　　He foolishly answered the question. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。

　　Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(clearly 修饰句子，意为“显然”)

　　He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(clearly 修饰动词 say，意为“清楚”)

【状语在句中的作用】

  状语用得佳，句子写得花。学会状语会说话，形象生动把人夸。

1. He is a student. He is a good student. He is a very good student.

2. He has a future. He has a bright future. He has a very bright future.

3. He went into the room. He went into the dark room with a hammer in his hand silently on his toes last late-night.