我们在语法学习过程中会遇到倒装结构，what引导的主语从句以及It is /was…that/who…引导的强调句型。这些都是为了强调句子的某个部分而运用的语法手段。下面我就着重讲一下It is/was…that/who…引导的强调句型。

“It is +被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”是使用最为广泛的强调句型。除了谓语动词不能强调以外，句子的其他成分，如主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语都是该句型常见的被强调部分。而在使用过程中，除了被强调部分是人时，常用 “It is/was…who…” 结构进行强调外，强调句子的其他部分都用“It is/was …that…”进行强调。而在考试里面我们判断某个句型是否是强调句时，常常是看如果把句中的“It is/was…that/who…”去掉，剩余部分是否能组成一个完整的句子，如果能则该句型是强调句，如果不能则应该是别的从句形式了。

a. 强调主语

(1)   Tom lent me a storybook yesterday.

→ It was Tom who lent me a storybook yesterday.

(2)  The newly-built department store has some special designs.

→ It is the newly-built department store that has some special designs.

b. 强调宾语

(1)  The teacher praised Mary yesterday.

→It was Mary who the teacher praised yesterday.

(2)  We talked about our schools and teachers just now.

→ It is our schools and teachers that we talked about just now.

(注：如果被强调部分既包括人又包括物则that用引导。)