with+宾语+宾补

           从一道高考题谈with引导的独立主格结构

请看下面一道2006年高考英语单选题 ：

    With  no  one  to  ______  in  such  a  frightening  situation,she  felt  very  helpless.

       A.turn  on       B.turn   off       C.turn   over     D.turn    to

大家可以看出，本题考点有二：（1）动词turn的四个短语的意义区别；（2）with引导的独立主格结构

现在笔者来给大家回答

英语中的独立主格结构属于一种特殊的复合结构。它由两部分组成，且两部分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系；它是有自己独立于句子之外的逻辑主谓关系的语言成分。这种结构的前半部分由名词或代词充当，后半部分由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语或分词等充当。除此之外，独立主格结构还可以由介词with引导，构成“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。下面就谈谈这种带介词with的复合结构的构成及其句法功能。

一、with复合结构的构成

 1. with+名词/代词+名词

 

 

 

 4. with+名词/代词+副词

 A. Einstein walked in the street, with his slippers on. A. She must be angry with his face that color.

 B. With broadswords and spears their only weapons, the Red Army men fought bravely against the enemy.

 2. with+名词/代词+代词

 A. With this room still yours, you should keep it clean and tidy.

 B. With this half mine, and that half yours, lets sit down and eat them up.

 3. with+名词/代词+形容词

 A. Jack was so surprised that he stood there, with his mouth wide open.

 B. The little boy rushed into the classroom, with his both hands red with cold.

 B. With his eyes downwards, he found his lost pen under the desk.

 5. with+名词/代词+介词短语

 A. The soldiers marched on with guns on their shoul-ders.

 B. With all the work on hand, he shouldnt have gone to the cinema last night.

 6. with+名词/代词+动词不定式

 A. With nobody to know the answer, we went to the teacher for help.

 B. With a lot of work to do, they decided to stay at home.

 7. with+名词/代词+现在分词

 A. Green fell asleep, with the light still burning.

 B. From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe, with a few patches of land sticking out above the wa-ter.

 8. with+名词/代词+过去分词

 A. Jane was scolded by the director because he left the office with the door unlocked.

 B. With the first point agreed on, they turned their nego-tiation(谈判） to another.

 

With的复合结构作独立主格

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

　　with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

　 = He stood there, with his hand raise.

 

典型例题

　　The  murder  was  brought  in, with  his  hands  ___  behind  his back。

A. being tied　 B. having tied　　C. to be tied　　D. tied　　

　　答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.　　

 

注意:

 

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

　 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

　 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.　

　 ( hand前不能加his)。　　　　　

 

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。

　 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

　

典型例题：

　Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.

　A permitted　 B permitting　 C permits　 D for permitting

　 答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

　 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

 

二、with复合结构的句法功能

 1、 作状语

 A. The professor came in, with some lecture sheets un-der his arm. （方式状语）

      = The professor came in, and some lecture sheets un-der his arm.

 B. With nothing to do, I dropped in on a friend of mine.（原因状语）

        =Because I had nothing to do, I dropped in on a friend of mine.

 C. She left her house hastily, with her handbag left up-stairs. （结果状语）

       =She left her house hastily, so that she left her hand-bag upstairs.

 D. We sat in the courtyard, with the moon rising above the treetops. （伴随状语）

     =We sat in the courtyard, and the moon was rising above the treetops.

 E. He knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed. （条件状语）

    =He knew that she could and would succeed as long as he helped.

 2、 作定语

 Aqiao saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.

 =Aqiao saw a brook on whose sides there were red flowers and green grass on both sides.

 3.作补足语

 A. We often see the little girl with her face red with shy-ness. （宾语补足语）

 B. Finally he was found with one of his legs broken. （主语补足语）

 

           “ with+宾语+宾补”句子

 

1.With  two  English  exams  to  worry   about,I  have  to   work  really  hard  this   month.

2.With  more  and  more  people  using  English  around  the  world  in   trade,travel  or  international  organisations,we  need  to  be  able  to  communicate  using  the  English  language.

3.With  so  many  people  communicating  in English  every  day,it  will  become   more  and  more  important  to  have  a  good  knowledge  of  English.

4.  Einstein walked in the street, with his slippers on.

 5. She must be angry with his face that color.

6. With broadswords and spears their only weapons, the Red Army men fought bravely against the enemy.

 7. With this room still yours, you should keep it clean and tidy.

 8. With this half mine, and that half yours, lets sit down and eat them up.

9Jack was so surprised that he stood there, with his mouth wide open.

 10. The little boy rushed into the classroom, with his both hands red with cold.

 11. With his eyes downwards, he found his lost pen under the desk.

 12. The soldiers marched on with guns on their shoul-ders.

 13.With all the work on hand, he shouldnt have gone to the cinema last night.

14.With nobody to know the answer, we went to the teacher for help.

15.With a lot of work to do, they decided to stay at home.

16.Green fell asleep, with the light still burning.

17.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe, with a few patches of land sticking out above the wa-ter.

 18.Jane was scolded by the director because he left the office with the door unlocked.

 19 With the first point agreed on, they turned their nego-tiation(谈判） to another.

20. He stood there, with his hand raise.

21.The  murder  was  brought  in, with  his  hands   tied   behind  his back。

 22. The professor came in, with some lecture sheets un-der his arm. （方式状语）

      = The professor came in, and some lecture sheets un-der his arm.

 23.With nothing to do, I dropped in on a friend of mine.（原因状语）

        =Because I had nothing to do, I dropped in on a friend of mine.

 24. She left her house hastily, with her handbag left up-stairs. （结果状语）

       =She left her house hastily, so that she left her hand-bag upstairs.

 25.We sat in the courtyard, with the moon rising above the treetops. （伴随状语）

     =We sat in the courtyard, and the moon was rising above the treetops.

 26. He knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed. （条件状语）

    =He knew that she could and would succeed as long as he helped.

 

27. Aqiao saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.

 =Aqiao saw a brook on whose sides there were red flowers and green grass on both sides.

28. We often see the little girl with her face red with shy-ness. （宾语补足语）

29.Finally he was found with one of his legs broken. （主语补足语）