单元语法归纳

CRAMMAR

    直接引语和间接引语

    直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不用引号。

    直接引语：Mr Black said，“I’m busy.”

    间接引语：Mr Black said that he was busy.

    陈述句  直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连接词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要作相应的变化。

    1.人称的变化

    ①Jim said，“I like English very much.”→

    Jim said he liked English very much.

    ②He said，“I’ve left my book in your room.”→

    He said （that） he had left his book in my room.

    2.时态的变化

    直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以下的变化。

    ①He said，“I saw then film yesterday.”→

    He said that he had seen the film the day before.

    ②She said，“I have seen the movie. It is good.”

    She said that she had seen the movie and that it was good.

    【注】①直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。

    ②直接引语中含有in 2003这样的时间短语，变间接引语时，时态不变。

    He said，“Light travels much faster than sound.”→

    He said that light travels much faster than sound.

    Drew said，“I was born in 1970.”→

    Drew said he was born in 1970.

    3.指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化

    ①She said，“I will come this evening.”→

    She said that she would go that evening.

    ②He said，“My sister was here three days ago，but she is not here now.”→

    He said that his sister had been there three days before but she was not there then.

    现将这几种变化列表如下：