Reading Would you mind keeping your voice down? ·内容详解

 

Section 1 Before You Read  课文1读前预测

    Look up the word“etiquette”in your dictionary. What does it mean? Look at the picture below. How many rules of etiquette can you see being broken? Make a list with your partner.

    在你的字典里查一下单词“etiquette”。它是什么意思?看下面的图。你能看出哪几条不合礼仪？和你的同伴一起列个表。

Section  2 While You Read  课文2进入阅读

Reading strategy：阅读策略：

    As we read， we need to find“topic sentence”. These sentences usually give us a“summary”or overal meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about. After the topic sentence some more detail and explanation.

    当我们读时，我们需要找到“主题句”。这些句子通常给我们一篇“摘要”或者每个段落的大意而且帮助我们理解本段落讲的是什么。在主题句之后有更多的细节和解释。

Would you mind keeping your voice down?     If you spend① any time in an English-speaking country， you might hear the term“etiquette”. It means normal and polite social behavior. This may seem like a difficult word at first， but it can be very useful to understand.     Etiquette is not the same in every culture. or in every situation. For example. standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some Asian countries. However， if you do this in Europe， some people might feel uncomfortable. Ever in China， we all know that etiquette is not the same in all situations. Perhaps we think that talking loudly in our own homes is fine， but there are other places where talking loudly is not allowed. For example， most people would agree that talking loudly in a library， a museum， or a movie theater is impolite. Even if you are with your friends， it is better to keep② your voice down in public places. In fact， we should also③ take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in-public if possible.     If we see④ someone breaking the rules of etiquette， we may give them some suggestions. Perhaps one of the most polite ways is to ask someone， Would you mind doing this or Would you mind not doing that? For example， if someone cuts in front of you in line， you could ask them， Sorry， would you mind joining the line? If someone is smoking on the bus， we could ask， Excuse me， could you please put out that cigarette? People don't usually like⑤ to be criticized， so we have to⑥ be careful how we do this. Although rules of etiquette can often be different， some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! For example， dropping litter is almost never⑦ allowed. If you see someone you know doing this， you can ask them. Would you mind picking it up? Section 3 After you Read  课文3读后检测

不要大声好吗？     如果你在某个时候去一个说英语的国家，你可以听到“etiquette”这个术语。它表示正常的和有礼貌的社会性行为。这最初可以好像是一个很难的词，但是理解了它的含义可能会非常有用。     礼仪不是在每种文化或者每种情形下都相同。例如，在一些亚洲国家与你正在交谈的人站得非常接近是很常见的。不过，如果你在欧洲这样做，一些人可能感到不舒服。我们大家都知道在中国礼仪也并非所有的场合都是相同的。或许我们认为在我们自己家里高声交谈是没有什么妨碍的，但是有些地方不允许高声交谈。例如，大多数人都认为在图书馆、博物馆或者电影院高声交谈是没礼貌的。即使你是与朋友在一起，在公共场所最好也不要大声交谈。实际上，如果可能的话我们也应该尽量不在公共场所大声咳嗽或者打喷嚏。     如果我们看见有人破坏了礼仪规则，我们可能给他们提出一些建议。或许最有礼貌的方式之一是说，“Would you mind doing this or Would you mind not doing that?”例如，如果有人在排队时插你前面了，你可以对他们说，“Sorry， would you mind joining the line?”如果某人正在公共汽车上吸烟，我们可以说，“Excuse Die，could you please put out that cigarette?”人们通常不喜欢受到批评，因此我们在说这话时必须谨慎才行。     虽然礼仪的尺度往往不相同，但是一些规则在世界各地几乎都是相同的!例如：乱扔垃圾几乎从未被允许过。如果你看见某个你认识的人这样做，你可以对他说，“Would you mind picling it up?”

3a

    Match the paragraphs with the best summaries［a—f］.

    把段落与最好的大意搭配起来

____ Paragraph 1第1段	a．We have to be very careful how we criticize people． 我们必须非常谨慎怎样去批评别人。     b．The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations. 人们行为的准则在不同的文化和情形中会有所不同。
____ Paragraph 2第2段	c．Sometimes， rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere.     有时，礼仪规则几乎到处相同。
____ Paragraph 3第3段	d．Etiquette is a very important idea to understand.     礼仪是理解的一种非常重要的想法。     e．We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.     如果我们看见有人不遵守礼仪的规则，我们可能会要求他讲礼貌。
____ Paragraph 4第4段	f．People in China and Europe have different ideas about etiquette.     中国人和欧洲人有着不同的礼仪观念。

3b

    Look again at the picture. Think of polite suggestions you could make to each person who is breaking a rule of etiquette. Role play with a partner.

    再看看图片。为每位不遵守礼仪规则的人想出些有礼貌的建议。与你的伙伴分角色表演一下。

3c

    Find examples of behavior from the reading. Are these things always wrong， or does it depend on situation or culture? Put them in the correct column. Think of more examples.

    从阅读中找出一些行为的例子。这些事情总是错呢还是随情形和文化而定呢？把这些例子填入正确的栏目下。想出更多的例子。

Always wrong 总是错	In some situations 在某种情形下	In some cultures 在某种文化背景下
	standing very close to someone 非常接近于某人地站着	standing very close to someone 非常接近于某人地站着

Section 4 Go for it!  课文4试一试！

    Think of a time you saw someone breaking a rule of etiquette. You may have seen someone spitting， slamming doors， or talking loudly on a mobile phone. Write a letter of complaint to your local newspaper.

    想出你看见某人破坏礼仪准则的时间。你可能看见某人吐痰、使劲关门或者高声打手机。给当地的报纸写一封投诉信。

    Dear Mr Etiquette，

    亲爱的礼仪先生：

    I'm writing to complain¼

    我正写信抱怨¼

If you have time! 如果你有时间！

    Do you know any rules of etiquette that are different in foreign countries? Tell your group about them．你知道外国的礼仪规则吗？给你的小组讲一讲。

要  点  解  疑

    ①spend，cost，pay和take的区别

    spend time意为“花费时间”。spend，cost，pay，take四者都可译为“花费”。

    spend用于“花费金钱，花费时间”，其主语一般是人；其结构为；spend money／time on sth.／doing sth. ／in doing sth.

    例如：I spent six yuan on the book．我花了六元买这本书。

          He spends two hours on English／learning English／in learning English every day.

          他每天花费两个小时学英语。

    cost指某东西“值多少钱，需要多少钱”，主语一般情况是指所买的东西。

    例如：The book cost me six yuan．这本书花了我六元。

    pay“支付；花费”的意思。主语只能是人，只能用于花钱，不用于花费时间。其结构为sb. pay some money for sth.

    例如：You will pay 100 yuan for this meal．你将为这顿饭支付100元。

    take 也用于“花费线和时间”，其主语常用it（形式主语），其结构为It take（随时态而变化）sb. some time／ money to do sth．

    例如：It took me half an hour to do my homework last night.

          昨晚，做作业花了我半个小时的时间。

    ②keep意思是“使……处于某种状态”时，在宾语之后常跟有宾语的补足语。keep的宾语补足语可以用v.-ing  v. -ed形容词、副词及介词来充当。

    例如：Keep the door open， please．让门开着吧。

          I'm sorry to keep you waiting for me．很抱歉，让你等着我。

    ③also，either和too的区别

    also，either，too都有“也”的意思。

    also用于肯定句和疑问句中，放在系动词、助动词及情态动词之后，实义动词之前。不能放在句末。

    例如：He is also a good student．他也是个好学生。

          I can also write English with my left hand．我也能用左手写英语。

    either用于否定句，且放在词尾。

    例如：They didn't go to the Great Wall， either．他们也没去长城。

          Li Ming doesn't wash his face. I don't wash my face， either．李明没洗脸，我也没洗。

    too用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中的位置灵活，可放在句中，也可放在句末。

    例如：Can she speak Chinese， too? Yes， she can．她也会说汉语吗? 是的，她会。

          Mr Brown， too， can speak France．布郎先生也会说法语

    ④look和see的区别

    look和see都有“看”的意思。

    look“看”；“瞧”，强调动作，是个不及物动词，如果后面跟有宾语时，需加介词at。

    例如：Please look at the blackboard．请看黑板。

          Come and look at the colour photo．过来看看这张彩照。

    see“看见；看到”，强调结果，可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。一般不用进行时，如果非用不可，则用can see来代替。

    例如：Can you see that tree? 你看见那棵树了吗？

          I see the train coming into the station．我看见火车开进了车站

          I look but I see nothing．我看了看，可是什么也看不见。

    ⑤like作动同时，名词、代词、动词不定式及动名词都可以人它的宾语，但是不定式与动名词作宾语时所强调的内容有所不同，tike doing sth．表示习惯性动作；like to do sth．则表示一次性的、未发生的动作。

    例如：She likes children．她喜欢孩子。

          I like it very much．我非常喜欢它。

          He likes reading in bed．他喜欢在床上看书。

          I like to have a talk with you tonight．今晚我想跟你谈谈。

    ⑥have to是“必须；不得不”的意思，常用来指受客观条件的限制或他人的制约不得不从事某件事情，没有感情色彩和主观愿望，而must则有自己的主观和感情色彩。

    例如：I must watch TV in the evening．晚上我必须看电视。（主观愿望）

          We have to go to school from Monday to Friday.

          我们必须从星期一到星期五去上学。（受家长和学校的制约）

    ⑦never是个否定意义的单词，意为“从来人；绝不”。英语中一些表示否定意义的单词，如hardly，few，little，never等，在变为反意疑问句时，后面的简短疑问句要用肯定形式。

    例如：There is hardly a cloud in the sky， is there? 天空万里无云，是不是？

          We have no time to waste， do we? 我们没有时间可以浪费，是吗？