Section A 内容详解
①I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常怕黑。
a.used to do
sth.表示“(过去)常常做某事”“(以前)老是做某事”。在used to do something结构中,used
to起助动词的作用。如:
He used
to sit under the tree over there.
他过去常常坐在那边那棵树下。
We used
to go fishing together.我们过去经常一起去钓鱼。
That
river used to be very clear.那条河曾经非常清澈。
The
mountain used to be green everywhere.那座山曾经满山绿色。
I'm
surprised to see you smoking. You never used to.
看到你吸烟我感到很惊奇,你以前从不抽烟的。
【注】used to的否定式为didn't use to或used not
to。如:
They
didn't use/used not to go to school on foot.
他们过去不经常步行上学。
My father
didn't use/used not to be worker.
我父亲过去不是工人。
【注】used
to的疑问形式是借助于助动词did或直接将used置于主语前。如:
Did they
use/Used they to have a walk in front of the building?
他们过去常常在楼前散步吗?
Didn't
she use/Usedn't she to live in the countryside?
她以前不是住在农村的吗?
b.be used to something/doing
something意思是“习惯于(做)某事”。在此结构中,to是介词,后面可以跟名词或者动词-ing形式。如:
Are you
used to the life in the North China?你习惯于中国北方的生活吗?
He is
still not used to the climate here.
他对这里的气候仍然不太习惯。
Wei Dong
said that he was used to driving the car.
魏东说他已经习惯于开那辆车。
【注】become used to和get used
to也解释为“习惯于……”,但是更强调“由不习惯而逐渐习惯”的过程。这里的to仍然是介词,后面仍然要跟动词-ing形式或名词短语。如:
The birds
are becoming used to the food of grain.
这些鸟逐渐习惯于谷类食物了。
They are
getting used to talking in English.
他们逐渐习惯于互相之间用英语交谈了。
c.used作形容词时,还有“二手的”“用过的”“旧的”之意。如:
What is
the price of that used car? 那辆二手车的价格是多少?
That is a
used stamp.那是一枚用过的邮票。
Do you
like to buy a used motorcycle? 你想买一辆旧摩托车吗?
②Don't you remember me?难道你不记得我了吗?
以Don't(或Doesn't)开头的否定疑问句表达说话人惊讶、怀疑、责备、赞叹等情感。使用这种疑问句时,说话人通常不需要、或者不期待得到对方Yes或No的回答。如:
Don't you know me?
你不认识我吗?(表示“惊讶”)
Doesn't she agree with him?
难道她不同意他的意见?(表示“惊讶”)
Didn't the child feel happy?
那个小孩儿觉得不高兴吗?(表示“怀疑”)
Didn't your brother go there yesterday?
你哥哥昨天没有去那儿吗?(表示“怀疑”)
Didn't you do it yesterday?
这件事你昨天没做?(表示“责备”)
Isn't that house beautiful?
那座房子多漂亮啊!(表示“赞美”)
Isn't he a lovely guy?
多好的小伙子呀!(表示“赞美”)
③You're Paula ,aren't
you?你是葆拉,是吧?
You used to be really quiet, didn't
you? 你以前确实很文静,是吧?
反意疑问句是疑问句的一种类型,指说话人对于要陈述的事情的真伪不肯定,欲通过对方的回答予以澄清。反意疑问句的基本结构,可以简单归结成“前肯定,后否定”;或“前否定,后肯定”。
a.反意疑问句的“前肯定,后否定”结构的主要成分是,“肯定陈述句+逗号+一般疑问句的否定形式+问号”。对于反意疑问句的回答,和回答其他一般疑问句相同。如:
"You are
a teacher, aren't you?" "Yes, I am."
“你是一位教师,是吧?”“是的,我是。”
"He is on
his holiday, isn't he?" "No, he isn't."
“他正在度假,是吧?”“不,他没在度假。”
"All of
them can drive, can't they ?""Yes, they do."
“他们所有的人都会开车,是吧?”“是的,他们都会开。”
"Li Ming
lost his novel, didn't he ?""No, he didn't."
“李明把小说丢了,是不是?”“不,他没有丢。”
b.反意疑问句的“前否定,后肯定”结构的主要成分是,“否定陈述句+逗号+一般疑问句的肯定形式+问号”;回答这种疑问句的方式与其他一般疑问句不同,其不同之处在于:不要太注重前面的否定词“not”,只要事实是肯定的,回答时就用“Yes”,否则,就用“No”。需要注意的是,用“Yes”作答,后面不能再用“not”,用“No”作答,后面就必须有“not”相配。这是与我们的汉语表达习惯所不相同的地方。如:
"Your
brother won't come soon, will he ?""No, he won't."
“你弟弟不会马上来,是吧?”“是的,他不会。”
"She
can't finish her work by eighteen in the afternoon, can she ?""Yes,
she can."
“她不可能在下午十八点之前结束她的工作,是吧?”“不,她能。”
"They
didn't get to school on time, did they ?""Yes, they did."
“他们没有按时到校,是吧?”“不,他们按时到了。”
"There
wasn't a meeting last evening, was there ?""No, there wasn't."
“昨天夜里没有开会,是吧?”“是的,没有开。”
"They
aren't feeling well, are they ?""Yes, they are."
“他们感觉不舒服,是吧?”“不,他们感觉舒服。”
"He
didn't use to go swimming, did he ?""No, he didn't."
“他过去不常去游泳,是吧?”“是的,不常去。”
"You
haven't left your classroom, have you ?""Yes, I have."
“你还没有离开教室,是吧?”“不,我已经离开了。”
"His name
isn't John, is it ?""No, it isn't."
“他的名字不是叫约翰,是吧?”“是的,他不叫约翰。”
"You
aren't from Japan, are you ?""Yes, I am."
“你不是来自日本,是吧?”“不,我来自日本。”
"She
can't understand English, can she ?""No, she can't."
“她不懂英语,是吧?”“是的,她不懂。”
【注】通常,英语中的yes即汉语中的“是”,no即汉语中的“不”。但是在反意疑问句中,这种现象出现了逆转,yes和no产生了换位转义。我们这里所说的yes和no的换位转义,是指英语中“前否定,后肯定”结构的反意疑问句中的yes和no,在用汉语解释时所形成的位置与意思调换的现象。如以上例句及其译文。
④Wait a minute!请稍等一会儿!
a.在交际场合,英语和汉语一样往往会遇到原本是实意的时间词语被虚意化(或者叫做具体名词笼统化)的情况。例如,Just a
minute中的a minute就是如此。a
minute原本是实意的,但是出自说话人之口时已经并非如此了。事实上,他不是让你只等一分钟,而是要你等“一会儿”。这“一会儿”是多久,不得而知。可能是几分钟,也可能是几十分钟。再如:
Mr. Wang
has gone upstairs. Just wait for a minute here.
王先生上楼去了。请在这里等一会儿。
He will
he back soon. Could you wait for a minute?
他会马上回来的。再等一会儿好吗?
You may
wait for me in your office. I'll arrive in a minute.
你可以在办公室等我。我过会儿就到。
b.英语中这种实意词语虚意化的情况,还有诸如由连词or所连接构成的词语等。如:
Seven or
eight workers doesn't help at all.
七八个人根本不够用。(把主语作为整本看,故谓语动词用单数。)
Three or
four days is far from enough.
三四天远远不够。(谓语动词用单数,道理同上)
We have
waited here for one or two hours.
我们在这里已经等了一两个小时了。
【注】发生这种变化的原因是:一方面说话人无法把握准确的时间;另一方面说话人并非在告诉你准确时间,他的话仅是一种应酬。遇到这类情况,如果你的事情确实非常紧急、十分重要而马虎不得,你就需要再进一步问清到底你要等多长时间,以免误事。
⑤But now I'm more interested in....
不过现在我更对……感兴趣。
a.interested意思是“感兴趣”,通常指某种有价值、有吸引力的东西,使人产生愿意接近、愿意了解、愿意参与或者愿意从事某件事情的心理,所以,interested的主语一般是表示“人”的词语。如:
Are you
interested in the meeting?你对会议感兴趣吗?
Who is
interested in playing basketball?谁对打篮球感兴趣?
He is
getting more interested in computer.他对电脑的兴趣越来越浓。
An
interesting person can always make people interested in him.
一个有趣的人总能使别人对他感兴趣。
b.interesting是指人具有令人感兴趣的气质性格,或事物具有令人感兴趣的内容或方面。如:
That is a
very interesting film.那是一部很有趣的电影。
Tell us
an interesting story, will you? 请给我们讲个有趣的故事好吗?
Tessa is
an interesting British girl.
苔萨是一个有趣的英国女孩。
I don't
think the humor is interesting enough.
我认为那则幽默没什么意思。
⑥I play soccer and I'm on the swim team.
我踢足球,而且我还是游泳队的成员。
a.play soccer和play the
piano不一样,soccer(足球)是球类名词,表示做球类运动时,通常球类名词前面不带冠词;piano(钢琴)是乐器名词,表示演奏乐器时,通常乐器名词前面带定冠词。
b.on the swim team中介词on的含义是a member
of...表示“是……的一个成员”“在……供职”。当然这里用介词in也可以,但通常用介词on。如:
My
brother is on the school volleyball team.我弟弟是学校排球队队员。
I'm
afraid he's on that club.恐怕他是那个俱乐部的成员。
⑦People sure change.
人们确实会有变化。
a.这句中的sure是副词,在句中作状语,相当于surely,表示“确实”“固然”。常常放在被修饰的动词之前。如:
No one
sure confirms the price by now.
目前为止没有一个人明确地确认那个价格。
He sure
likes it.
他确实喜欢它。
Things
sure have changed a lot.
事情确实发生了很大变化。
She sure
is outgoing.
她确实是个性格外向的人。
b.sure作副词,表示“当然”“没问题(用于回答问题)”使用时,常单独使用,构成省略句。如:
"May I
take this seat ?""Sure."
“我可以坐这个座位吗?”“当然可以。”
"Could
you help me with this bag ?""Sure."
“你能帮忙提一提这个包吗?”“没问题!”
"Do you
know who took the book away ?""Sure."
“你知道是谁把那本书拿走了吗?”“当然!”
c.to be sure在句中用作插入语,意思相当于surely。如:
To be
sure, he wants to go with you.
的确,他想和你一起去。
To be
sure, your father is very kind.
真的,你爸爸很善良。
The old
man is not rich, to be sure, but he is ready to help others.
那位老人固然不富有,但是他乐于助人。
⑧I'm terrified of the dark.我非常怕黑。
a.be terrified of的意思是“恐惧……”“害怕……”,在恐惧的程度上要比be
afraid of强。如:
The child
is terrified of the caged tiger as well.
那个小孩看到笼子里的老虎也害怕。
The girl
was terrified at the sight of a snake.
那女孩看见一条蛇害怕极了。
If you
are afraid of difficulty, you might be even terrified of
failure.
假如你害怕困难,你甚至可能对失败产生恐惧心理。
The
cattle is a kind of animal that may be easily terrified of things
with red color.
牛是看到红颜色极易受惊的一种动物。
An old
man is afraid of loneliness.
老人害怕孤独。(用be terrified of显复有点不妥)
b.terrified通常指人的恐惧心理,如以上例句,而terrifying通常指某种事物或某情况“使人害怕”或“使人恐惧”。如:
That was
the most terrifying sight I had ever seen.
我以前从未见过如此恐惧的一幕。
Walking
on such a lonely mountain path in such a dark night was really
terrifying. Some man-like stones and trees made us so
terrified.
在这么黑的夜晚走在这么偏僻的山道上确实令人感到恐惧,有些像人一样的石头和树木真使我们感到害怕。
c.terrify是及物动词,表示“令……害怕”,同时又可转换成terrified和terrifying形式进行表达。请仔细研究以下例句:
The
father terrified his children with ghost stories.
=The
father's ghost stories made his children terrified.
=The
children find their father's ghost stories terrifying.
=The
children were terrified after hearing their father's ghost
smiles.
父亲讲的鬼故事把他的孩子们吓坏了。
⑨So, what did you do about it?
那么,你对此(即怕黑这件事)怎么办的呢?
a.副词so用在一个独立的句子开头,起承上启下的作用,通常译作“这么说”“就这样”“那么”。如:
So that
was your first sight of snow?
这么说来那是你第一次见到雪?
So he
didn't notice you at first.
这么说他开始的时候没注意到你。
So they
fell in love with each other.
就这样他们就相爱了。
So, what
did they do next?
那么,他们接下来采取了什么措施?
b.do something
about...表示“对……采取措施”“(想办法)处理”等意思,疑问句中用what与do搭配,do的宾语可以是something,nothing,anything,a
lot,much,little等词语。如:
Have you
done anything about the pollution in that area?
你们对那个地区的污染采取什么措施了吗?
In fact,
they have done nothing/little/a lot about the rubbish.
其实他们对垃圾问题没采取任何措施/没采取多少措施/已采取了许多措施。
We must
do something about the protection of the students' eyesight.
我们必须采取措施保护学生的视力。
What did
your father do about/with that pile of old newspapers?
你父亲是怎么处理那堆旧报纸的?
Can't you
do something about it?
对此难道你就想不出办法了吗?
⑩I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.
我开着卧室的灯睡觉。
a.介词短语with my bedroom light
on在这一句中作状语,表示伴随情况。这种“with+名词+副词(形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词或不定式)”的结构在句中通常作状语,表示伴随谓语动词动作发生或进行的另一情况或状态。这一结构在语法上叫作独立主格结构,这种结构在句中常用作状语,表示伴随动作或伴随情况。分词的形式取决于该动词与前面名词之间的关系,是主动关系用现在分词;是被动关系,用过去分词;如表示一个被动的正在进行的动作,则用现在分词的被动形式(being
done)。如:
In parts
of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another
person.
在亚洲的某些地方,你不可以坐着把脚跷起对着别人。
I can't
fix my mind on my work with the children playing so noisily outside
my window.
孩子们在窗外如此吵闹,我无法专心于工作。
I won't
be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
我妈妈病了,我不能去度假。
The
weather was even colder with the wind blowing.
刮风了,天气更冷了。
He
usually works in his study with the door locked.
他通常锁着门在书房工作。
The
outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered with
snow.
白雪覆盖大地景色怡人。
The woman
came downstairs, with her daughter in her anus.
那个女人下了楼,怀里抱着女儿。
The
little girl stood in the middle of the room, with lots of toys
around her.
那个小女孩站在屋子中央,周围有好多玩具。
He was
sitting in a chair with his hands folded.
他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。
The day
was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.
天气晴朗,吹来阵阵清风。
Don't
speak with your mouth full.
别边吃边说话。
The
teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师走了进来,手里拿着一本书。
My uncle
usually sleeps with his eyes half open.
我叔叔通常半睁着眼睡觉。
I like
doing homework with the radio on.
我喜欢开着收音机做作业。
The
woman, with a boy on each side, begged from door to
door.
那位妇女一边带着一个孩子挨家挨户乞讨。
b.这种结构还可作定语,限定、修饰前面的名词。如:
The girl
with a book in her hand is my sister.
那个手里拿着一本书的女孩儿是我的妹妹。
Do you
know the man with a T-shirt on?
你认识那个穿T恤的男子吗?
I like
the room with the window facing the sea.
我喜欢窗户朝海的那个房间。
She
pointed at a strange thing with three legs and a strange
top.
她指着一个三条腿的顶部奇怪的东西。
Mrs Smith
is a woman with big eyes and long hair.
史密斯太太是一位长着大眼睛长头发的妇女。
China is
an old country with a long history.
中国是一个历史悠久的古老国家。
Have you
seen a dictionary with a blue cover?
你看到一本蓝色封面的词典了吗?
A group
of children followed a dirty-looking woman with a baby on
her back..
一群孩子跟在一位脏兮兮的、身背婴儿的妇女身后。
Professor
Wang is an ordinary-looking man with thick glasses.
王教授是一位相貌一般、戴着副深度眼镜的人。
11a.介词短语with my bedroom light
on中的on是副词,表示某种电器设备处于通电或工作状态。再如:
Don't
keep the tap on when you don't need water.
在不需要用水的时候,不要让水龙头开着。
It's very
bright in the room. What's the use of leaving the light on?
房间里很亮了,还开着灯有什么用?
No one is
in the room, but the radio is on.
房间里没有一个人,但是收音机却开着。
Why all
of you are here when the machine is running on over there?
为什么你们都在这,而机器却在那里开着?
Can you
hear the bell is on?
你能听到铃在响吗?
b.副词on还可以表示另一些意思。如:
The film
is on.电影正在放映。
What's on
at the cinema this week?
本周电影院在放什么电影?
The baby
looks lovely with nothing on.
那婴儿一丝不挂,看起来真可爱。
Why
doesn't she have her glasses on?
她为何不戴眼镜呢?
After a
short moment of silence, he talked on.
短暂的沉默之后,他又接着谈了下去。
Have you
got anything on for tonight?
今晚你有什么安排吗?
加载中,请稍候......