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教材解析九年级英语第九单元Section A 内容详解

(2010-12-07 00:00:02)
标签:

教材解析

九年级英语

第九单元

section

a

内容详解

教育

分类: 九年级6-10单元教材解析

Section A 内容详解

 

    Language Goal: Narrate past events

    语言目标:描述过去的事件。

1a

    Discuss these questions in a group: 分组讨论下面的问题。

    What do you usually do in the morning before school?

    早晨上学前你通常干什么?

    Do you like mornings? 你喜欢早晨吗?

    Why or why not? 为什么喜欢或为什么不喜欢?

    I'm taking a shower! 你正在洗澡呢!

要点解疑

    take a shower 意为“洗澡”,通常指淋浴。洗澡的另一种说法是 have a bath。

英语中“take + a +名词”结构用来表示一次性动作。

    例如:take a drive 乘车                 take a look 看一看

          take a nap 小睡一会儿(午睡)   take a rest 休息一会儿

          take a trip 旅行                 take a walk 散步

1b

    Listen and match the sentence parts. 听录音,搭配句子。

 

A

B

1. By the time I got up,

  我起床时,

2. By the time I got outside,

  我到达外面时,

3. When I got to school,

  我到达学校时,

a. the bus had already left.

  公共汽车已经开走了。

b. my brother had already gotten in the shower.

  我哥哥已经在洗澡了。

e. I realized I had left my backpack at home.

  我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。

 

听力原文再现

Boy: Hi, Tina. You look stressed out.

Girl: I am. I had a bad morning.

Boy: Really? What happened?

Girl: Well, first of all I overslept. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.

Boy: Oh, what a pain!

Girl: So, after he got out of the shower. I took a quick shower and got dressed. But by the time I went outside, the bus had already left.

Boy: Oh, no!

Girl: Oh, yes! So I ran all the way to school. But when I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.

Boy: No wonder you look stressed out.

1b题参考答案:

1. b  2. a  3. c

1c

    Pair work  结对练习

    Take turns being Tina. Look at the pictures above and tell what happened to you this morning.

    轮流扮演蒂娜,看看上面的图画,说出今天早上你发生了什么事。

    A: What happened ?

    怎么了?

    B: I overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.

    我睡过了头。我起床时,我哥哥已经在洗澡了。

要点解疑

    ① happen 意为“发生”,指偶然地或碰巧发生,强调意外。“某人发生某事”常用happen to sb。take place 也是“发生”,指经过安排或计划要发生的事情,强调必然性。

    例如:Do you know what has happened to him? 你知道他发生了什么事吗?

          When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行?

    ② oversleep 是个合成词,意为“睡过头,睡得过久。”over-是个前缀,表示“越过;超过;过分;在……上面;外加”。

    例如:run跑→overrun 超越         careful仔细的→ overcareful 过分仔细的

          land 陆地→overland 通过陆路的  coat 外衣→overcoat 大衣

    ③ by 此处意为“不迟于(某时);在……之前”,相当于 not later than (a time);before。可用于一般将来时或过去完成时等时态。

    例如:You will be all right by supper time. 到晚饭时,你的病就会全好了。

          They hadn't found their lost son by 11 o'clock last night.

    到昨晚11点时,他们还没有找到丢失的儿子。

    by  the time 意为“到……时为止;到……时为止;到……时”,注重时间的截止。at the time 意为“在……时”,注重时间的开始。

    例如:By the time I realized that he was a thief, he had already gone. 等我意识到他是个小偷时,他已经走了。

    ④had gotten是过去完成时。这种时态表示过去某时前已经发生的动作或情况。它的结构是“助动词had+动词的过去分词”,had无人称变化。

2a

Listen to Tina continue her story. Number the pictures [1—4] in the correct order.

听蒂娜接着讲她的故事,标出图片[1—4]的正确顺序。

听力原文再现

Boy: So then what did you do, Tina?

Girl: Well, I ran home to get my backpack, But when I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.

Boy: You're kidding!

Girl: So I ran back to school without my keys or my backpack. And by the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.

Boy: Oh, no!

Girl: And by the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already, She asked for our homework, but of course I didn't have it.

2a 题参考答案

4

2b

    Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. Then listen again and check your answers. 用动词的正确形式填空。然后再听一遍录音,核对答案。

    1. When I ________ (get home), I _________ (realize) I had __________ (leave) my keys in the backpack. 我到家时,我才想到我把书包忘在家里了。

    2. By the time I ________ (get) back to school, the bell __________ (ring).

    3. By the time I ________ (walk) into class, the teacher __________ (start) teaching already. 我走进教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。

2b 题参考答案:

    1. got home  2. realized  3. had left;  4. got  5. had rung  6. walked 7. had started

2c

Pair work 结对练习

Make up an ending for the story and share it with the rest of the class.

编写本故事的结局,讲给其他同学听。

The teacher looked at Tina and… 老师看着蒂娜……

要点解疑

look意为“看”,强调动作,常用物不及物动词,与介词或副词构成固定搭配。

例如:look after 照顾;照料   look for 寻找

      look out 当心;注意     look up 仰望;向上看;查寻

see 是“看见”,强调结果。

例如:I looked but I saw nothing.

    我看了看,但是什么也没有看见。

Grammar Focus 语法重点

By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into bathroom. 我起床时,我哥哥已经进了浴室。

Look!

By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone.

她走到外面时,公共汽车已经开了。

 

get     got     gotten (到达)

go     went    gone (去)

leave   left      left (离开)

start    started   started (开始)

 

By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching. 她到达教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。

When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.

当她到校时,她才意识到她把书包忘在家里了。

    语法贯通

    过去完成时表示到过去某一时刻已经完成的动作,即某动作在过去某一时刻之前就已经完成了。所以在时间上它含有“过去的过去”,之意。过去完成时常有以下时态标志:

    1.以by后接过去时间状语为过去完成标志。

    by后接过去时间状语时往往表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作,在时间上体现“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。

    例如:By the end of last year he had learned 3,000 English words.

    到去年年底为止,他学了3,000个英语单词了。

    By the time he got there,the plane had already taken off.

    他到达那里时,飞机已经起飞了。

    2.以before为过去完成标志。

    before意为在过去某一时刻之前,因此,在时间上它常含有“过去的过去”之意,应用过去完成时。

    例如:I had lived in London for more than ten years before I came here.

    我在来这儿之前已经在伦敦住了十多年了。

    3.以过去性特定时间状语为过去完成标志。

    不少过去性特定时间状语体现“过去的过去”,应使用过去完成时。这样的时间状语常见的有:recently(近来),lately(近来),all these days(最近一段时间以来),up to then(直到那时),until then(直到那时),in the past/last few years(在刚刚过去的几年里)。

    例如:He said he had known nothing about her until then.

    他说直到那时他才对她有所了解。

    She told me that she had been ill recently.

    她告诉我她近来身体不好。

    4.以“It was+序数词+time that”句型为过去完成标志。

    该句型表示到过去某时已是第几次做某事了,即在过去某时前已做某事几次了,因此该句型在时间上体现“过去的过去”,所以应用过去完成时。

    例如:It was the third time that the girl had invited him.

    这是那个女孩子第三次邀请他了。

    5.以“It was+时间段+since”句型为过去完成标志。

    该句型表示自从做某事以来已有多长时间。即在这个(过去)时间段之前已做过某事,因此该句型在时间上体现“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。

    例如:They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was at least six years since I had enjoyed a good drink.

    他们邀请我和他们一起去喝酒,我告诉他们我已经至少有六年没有这么痛快地喝酒了。

    6.以体现过去时间的从属连词或并列连词when为过去完成标志。

    这种句型往往表示当过去某一动作发生时,另一动作已经发生。或当某动作已发生后。另一动作突然发生,因此在时间上体现“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。

    例如:I was disappointed that the football match had ended when I arrived at the playground.当我赶到操场时足球比赛已经结束,我非常失望。

    7.以for或since(体现到过去某一时刻为止,某动作或状态已经持续若干时间)为过去完成标志。

    当for或since表示到过去某一时刻为止,某动作已持续一段时间时,该动作在时间上必然体现“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。

    例如:I asked him if he had learned English for ten years before he asked for that job.我问他是否在找那份工作前已学过十年的英语。

3a

    Read the story and write the events in the correct order.

    读故事,排列事件情节的正确顺序。

    I've never (1) been late for school, but yesterday I came very close. My alarm clock didn't go

    我上学从不迟到,                     但昨天我却差一点迟到。           我的闹钟没有响,

off (2), and by the time I woke up (3), my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to

             我起床时,我爸爸已经在浴室里了,                  我不得不等他出来。

wait for (4) him to come out (5). I had to really (6) rush. I took a quick shower, and bad some

                                 我不得不急冲冲地跑进去。  我很快地冲了个澡,吃了点早点,

breakfast, and then ran off (7) to the bus stop (8). Unfortunately, by the time I got (9) there, the

         然后跑着去了公共汽车站。                 真倒霉,我到达那里时,公共汽车已经走了。

the bus had already (10) left. I started (11) walking, but (12) I knew I couldn't get to school on time (13)                    我开始步行,   但我知道我不可能准时到校了。          

Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by (14) in his dad's car and they gave me a ride (15).

幸亏我的朋友托尼和他爸爸开车从我身边经过,他们让我搭了便车。     

When I got to school, the final bell (16) was ringing. I only just (17) made it (18) to my class.

当我到校时,         上课铃已经响了。                  我及时进入了教室。

要点解疑

    (1) never 是个否定意义的单词,在变反意疑问句时,后面的简短问句用肯定形式,其反义词是always。

    例如:—He has never told you how old he is, has he?

    他从没有告诉过你他多大年龄,对吗?

    —Yes, he has. 不,他告诉过我。

    The girl always wears new clothes. 这女孩子总是穿着新衣服。

    (改为否定句)→ The girl never wears new clothes.

    这女孩子从不穿新衣服。

    (2)go off是个多义词组,常见的意思有“离去;去世;(水电等)断掉;睡着;(闹钟)闹响”等。

    例如:The lights went off. 灯灭了。

    He has gone off by the fire. 他靠着火炉睡着了。

    He told us that he was late because his alarm clock didn't go off.

    他说他迟到了是因为他的闹钟没有响。

    (3)wake意为“醒来;不再睡”,常与up构成动词加副词结构,相当于一个及物动词,意为“醒来;把……叫醒”,当它的宾语是人称代词宾格时,代词要放在wake和up之间。

    例如:He woke to find himself in the hospital.

    他醒来发现自己在医院里。

    He was so tired that his alarm clock didn't wake him up.

    他太累了,以至于闹钟也没有把他叫醒。

    (4)wait for表示“等待”,其后可跟名词、代词或相当于名词的词组作宾语。

    例如:Are you waiting for your girlfriend? 你正在等你的女朋友吗?

    They are waiting for the famous stager's coming.

    他们正等待着那位著名歌手的到来。

    (5)come out是个多义词组,其主要意思有“出来;出版;发芽;开花;传出秘密;(相片)冲洗小来;除去(污点),获得名次”等。

    例如:I think the rose will come out next week.我想玫瑰花下周会开花的。

    She came out well in that photo.在那张照片中她照得很好看。

    I have washed the shirt twice and the ink still hasn't come out.

    我把衬衣洗了两次,可墨迹还是没有洗掉。

    She came out first in the examination.她在考试中得了第一名。

    (6)really副词,意为“真正地;真实地;果然”,在句中的位置较灵活,可放在形容词、动词之前,也可放在句首。

    例如:Did she really say so? 她真的是这样说的吗?

    Really,I didn't mean it. 真的,我没有这个意思。

    注意:在非正式英语会话中,尤其是在美国英语中,形容问和副词通常用real,不用really,不用really。

    例如:That was real nice.这的确很好。

    You cook real well.你的饭做得的确很好。

    (7)run off意为“跑掉;迅速离开;流出;出版”等。这是个动词加副同的结构。

    例如:The kids broke my window and ran off.

    那些孩子们打破了我的窗子,逃走了。

    Why don't you ever run the water off after you've had a bath?

    你洗完澡后为什么老是不把水放掉?

    (8)bus stop是指路边或街道旁供公共汽车停车载客的地点。而bus station则常用来指长途汽车站或公共汽车停车场。

    (9)get to意为“到达”,后面跟表示地点的名词,如果后面跟的是表示地点的副词here,there,home等时,要去掉介词to。

    例如:When the teacher got to school,we had cleaned the classroom.

    当老师到达学校时,我们已经打扫完了教室。

    I'll tell you all about it when you get here.

    你到这儿来时,我将把所有的情况告诉你。

    (10)already副词,无比较级,意为“已经”,常用来表示某事比预期的早,用于肯定句中,特别是用于完成时态的句子中。already在句子中的位置比较灵活,可以放在助动词、情态动词、系动词之后,实义动词之前,也可以放在句末。当将肯定句改为否定句或疑问句时,already通常要改为yet。

    例如:He has already arrived.他已经到了。

    I have been there already and I don't want to go again.

    我曾去过那里,我不想再去了。

    (11)start,begin都是“开始”的意思。它们的用法基本相同。start作不及物动词时,常用来表示“动身;出发;车船等的开动”,它常与off,out,for等连用,start off,start out都是“动身;出发”,与set off,set out是同义词组,而start from…for则常设为“离开……到……去”。

    例如:At daybreak we started off on our journey.拂晓时,我们上路了。

    School starts/begins at eight.学校八点钟开始上课。

    start作及物动词时,其后面的宾语可用名词、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式来充当。

    例如:They start work at six.他们六点钟开始工作。

    The kids started to stag/singing.孩子们唱起歌来。

    (12)but意为“但是”,连词,连接两个并列的句子成分。表示“转折”关系;而and连接两个并列成分时表示“并列”关系。

    例如:He studied hard and he became a good student.

    他努力学习,成了好学生。

    He is very tall but he isn't strong.他个子很高,但是他并不强壮。

    (13)on time意为“准时;按时;于指定时间”。多用于现在时或过去时的句子中,不用于将来时的句子中;in time意为“及时;还早;终于”,可用于多种时态。

    例如:All the students come to school on time.所有的学生都按时到校。

    They caught the bus in time.他们及时赶上了公交车。

    If you keep on,you will succeed in time.

    如果坚持下去,你们总有一天会成功的。

    (14)come by意为“从旁经过;获得”,作前一个意思解时,相当于pass through,作后一个意思解时,相当于get。

    例如:Julia saw Linda standing in the street when she came by the supermarket.当朱丽娅路过超市时,看到琳达站在街上。

    How did you come by this painting? 你是怎么得到这张画的?

    (15)give one's a ride意为“让某人搭便车”,它的另一个说法是:hitch a ride with sb.。

    例如:Li Ming gave me a ride in his car to the Great Wall yesterday.

    昨天李明让我搭他的车去长城了。

    Can I hitch a ride with you? 我可以顺路搭乘你的车吗?

    (16)final是个形容词,无比较级,意为“最终的;最后的”,相当于last。the final bell可以译为“上课铃;第二遍铃;最后一遍铃”;而the first bell通常译为“预备铃”。

    例如:He always comes to school between the first bell and the last bell.

    他总是在预备铃和上课铃之间到校。

    (17)only作形容词时,无比较级,意为“唯一的;独有的”;与复数名词连用时,意为“仅有的;最合适的”。only用作副词时,放在它所修饰的词、短语或句子前面,意为“只;仅仅;才”。它在句中的位置不同,其表达的含义差别也很大。

    例如:Only I gave an apple to her.只有我给了她一个苹果。

    I gave only an apple to her.我只是给了她一个苹果而已。

    I gave an apple only to her.我只给了她一个人一个苹果。

    only just有两种用法:

    意为“刚刚”,相当于not long ago/before。

    例如:The doctor has only just arrived.医生刚刚到。

    意为“差一点没;几乎不”,相当于almost not。

    例如:The girl has only just caught the train.那女孩差一点没赶上火车。

    (18)make it意为“规定时间”。

    例如:—Shall we meet next week?下星期我们碰一次头好吗?

    —Yes,let's make it next Sunday.好,让我们约定下个星期天碰头吧。

3a题参考答案:

1.alarm clock didn't go off

3.woke up late

5.had some breakfast

7.ran to bus stop

9.got a ride with a friend

11.got to school

2.father went to bathroom

4.took shower

6.bus left

8.started walking

10.bell ringing

12.got to class

3b

    Now answer these questions.Describe the circumstances in which these things happened.回答下面的问题。描述这些事件发生时的情形。

    1.Have you ever (1) overslept? 你曾经睡过头吗?

    2.Have you ever been late for school? 你上学曾迟到过吗?

    3.Have you ever forgotten (2) to bring your homework to school?

    你曾忘记过带作业去上学吗?

    4.Have you ever locked your keys (3) in your house?

    你把钥匙锁在房子里过吗?

    5.Have you ever forgotten a relative's birthday?

    你忘记过亲属的生日吗?

    6.Have you ever forgotten a doctor's or dentist's appointment?

    你曾忘记过与医生或牙医的预约吗?

要点解疑

    (1)ever用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句中,意为“曾经;在任何时候”。相当于at any time。

    例如:I hardly ever see him nowadays.我近来很少见到他。

    Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?

    (2)forget意为“忘记”,其后可以跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语。for-get to do sth.是“忘记做某事”,指“要做的事情忘记做了”;for get doing sth是“忘记做了某事”。指“做了某事而把它忘记了”。

    例如:I have forgotten to bring my backpack.我忘了带书包。

    I forgot giving her an apple.我忘了我已给她一个苹果了。

    (3)key是个兼类词.作动同时,意为“锁上,插上栓;提供线索,给出答案”;作名词时,意为“钥匙;答案;解释;钢琴等的键”。

    例如:Have you got the key to this door? 你有这个门的钥匙吗?

    Please key/lock the door when you leave.你离开时,请锁上门。

3c

    Pairwork  结对练习

    Ask your partner the questions in activity 3b.If he or she says“yes”,ask more questions.

    向你的伙伴提出活动3b中的问题。如果他或她回答是肯定的,请继续问下去。

    A:Have you ever been late for school? 你上学曾迟到过吗?

    B:Yes,I have.是的,迟到过。

    A:Why (1) were you late? 你为什么迟到了?

    B:The bus broke down (2).公共汽车坏了。

    A:What did your teacher do? 老师有何反应?

    B:…

要点解疑

    (1)此处why是个疑问副词,引导一个特殊疑问句,用来询问直接原因,它的回答通常用Because…。

    例如:—Why didn't you finish your homework?

    你为什么没有做完作业?

    —Because the light bulb in my room went out.

    因为我房间里的电灯泡灭了。

    (2)break down是“动词+副词”结构,相当于一个不及物动词,意为“打破;毁掉;破除;制服;身体垮下来”等,与doesn't work意思基本相同。

    例如:The car broke down on the way.汽车在路上抛锚了。

    The bridge broke down.桥塌了。

    He was broken down from over work.他因工作过度而累垮了。

 

 

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