1.       Morphology

1.1   open class words VS closed class words

1.2   morpheme: the most basic element of meaning词素

prefix, suffix

1.3   derivational and inflectional（词位变化） morpheme

1.4   rules for word formation

2.       Syntax

2.1   Categories

2.1.1          Word-level categories

determiner（限定词）, degree words（程度词）, qualifier（限定语，修饰语）

major lexical categories(N,V,A,P), minor lexical categories(Det, Deg, Qual, Aux, Con)

2.1.2          Phrase categories: NP, VP, AP, PP（对应N,V,A,P）

2.1.3          Sentence categories: simple, not simple(compound, complex, compound complex)

                        Indicative叙述(interrogative疑问句, declarative陈述句), imperative祈使句(jussive命令句, optative祈愿句), exclamatory感叹句

2.2   Rule

2.2.1          Phrase rule

XP rule: specifier（标志语，可以是N,V,A,P中的任何一种） + modifier（修饰语） +X（head，中心语)+ complement（补足语）+modifier

Coordination rule（并列规则）: X +conjunction（连词） +X

2.2.2          Sentence rule

SP rule

2.3   Function

2.3.1          Subject: grammatical subject, logical subject, psychological subject（句子的第一个词）

              agent, dative, instrument, causative, locative

2.3.2          Predicate（表语）: object, predicator, complement

2.3.3          Adverbial and Attributive

2.4   Sentence Type

SVC, SVA, SV, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SVOO

2.5   Sentence structure

IC analysis