7. blank verse （无韵体）

blank verse  is the unrhymed iambic pentameter line, It was Surrey who first brought it in and Marlowe who perfected it with his “mighty line”

8. metaphysical poetry (玄学诗)

The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple and echoes the  words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself. Modern poets like T.S. Eliot have been mostly affected by the metaphysical influence.

一、Edmund Spenser  埃德蒙·斯宾塞 (1552-1599)

1.Edmund Spenser’s masterpiece  (埃德蒙·斯宾塞的代表作)

a.       The Faerie Queene    《仙后》

b.       Epithalamion         《新婚喜歌》

2.The main characteristics of  The Faerie Queene (《仙后》的主要人物)

The Faerie Queene is Spenser’s masterpiece. The principle intention is to present through  a  “historical poem ”the example of a perfect gentleman:“to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline ”。In the poem, Spenser focuses on12 virtues of the private gentleman, and plans 12 books, each one with a different hero distinguished for one of the private virtues. The hero of the heroes is Arthur. He possesses all of these virtues and plays a role in each of the 12 major adventures. The recurring appearances of Arthur serve as a unifying element for the poem as a  whole. The Faerie Queene is another character contributing to the unity of the work. From her court and at her bidding, each of the heroes sets out on his particular adventure. The Faerie Queene is full of adventures and marvels, dragons, witches, enchanted trees, giants, jousting knights, and castles. It is also an allegory possess the virtues in the course of their adventures. This literacy epic poem has a romantic theme –“Fierce  warres  and faithful loves.”Its scenery is not classical but romantic with plains, forests, caves, castles, magical trees and springs, as well as dwarfs, giants, lions, pilgrims and magicians. There are the good people who undergo the trials and tribulations and the bad creatures who represent various vices, evils and temptations. Houses, castles and animals also stand for abstract virtues or vices.

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（《仙后》是斯宾塞的代表作。主要的创作意图是通过“历史诗”描画出一个典型的完美绅士：“塑造遵守道德规戒绅士或贵族”。在诗歌中，斯宾塞提出了绅士应该遵循的12条道德的清规，并将全诗设计成12卷本，每一卷中都有一位不同的主人公，以遵循其中的一条道德清规而著名，英雄中的英雄是亚瑟，它拥有12中美德，并且它要分别参加所有的12次历险，而每个不同的主人公也在各自的历险中出现。亚瑟一次又一次出现在诗中，成为全诗中的整体线索。仙后是另一位贯穿始终的线索人物，所有的英雄按照她的旨意，从她的宫殿出发，踏上各自的历险征程。《仙后》中充满了惊险情节以及奇异景家、龙、女巫、施了魔法的树、巨人、角斗的骑士及城堡，在他们的冒险中也有一定的寓意。这部史诗具有它浪漫的主题“ 残酷的战争和忠贞的爱情”诗中的场景不是古典而是浪漫的，出现了平原、森林、山洞、城堡、魔树和泉水等景观，还出现了小矮人、巨人、狮子、朝圣者、和魔法师。他们都像现实世界中的人一样承受着各种艰苦与磨难。宫殿、天体、和动物都代表着不同的抽象美德或邪恶。）

3.The chief qualities of Spencer’s poetry (埃德蒙·斯宾塞诗歌的主要优点)

Spencer’s poetry can be summed up as having the following characteristics: 1) a perfect melody; 2)a rare sense of beauty; 3) a splendid imagination; 4) a lofty moral purity and seriousness; 5) a dedicated idealism..In addition to the above, Spenser uses strange forms of speech and obsolete words in order to increase the rustic effect. It is Spenser’s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him know as “the poets” poet.

（斯宾塞诗歌的特点可以总结为以下几点：1）完美的韵律2）玄妙的美感3）灿烂壮观的想象4）崇高的道德纯洁性与严肃性5）一种献身的理想主义。除此之外，他还多次使用到一种诡异的语言及废弃的词汇，以增加作品的质朴性。正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱和精美优雅的诗文韵律使他成为“诗人中的诗人”。

4 .In Canto Ⅰ,Book Ⅰ, Knight sets out on his adventures. Here Knight symbolizing the Anglican Church, is the protector of the Virgin Una who stands for truth or the true religion.

       (在第一卷的第一诗章，讲述了红十字骑士动身踏上历险征程，这里红十字骑士象征英国国教圣工会，他是象征真理的女主角的保护者。)

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