​        今天帮助大家总结一些虚拟语气的知识，有一些使用的方法在前几天曾经讲过，这里贴过来，再重复一下，注意一下它的构成和使用特点：

         英文的虚拟语气有不少，但是能用到写作中的不多，我们先把虚拟语气的常用结构总结一下吧。

句型1：If did, I would(might/could)do.（现在时虚拟）

句型2：If had done, I would have done.（过去时虚拟）

句型3：If only I had done!(I didn’t do it) （If only…：如果…就好了）

句型4：But for 名词，I could not have（如果不是…本来不会…）

句型5：I advise (suggest/recommend/) that some measures be taken.（建议…）

句型6：It is necessary/important/urgent that some measures be taken.（…很重要）

句型7：It is time that some measures were taken.（是到了采取行动的时候了）

句型8：I would rather stay at home./I would rather you stayed at home.（希望你...）

句型9：I wish that I could land on the Moon.（希望有一天…）

         虚拟语气的结构复杂多变，能用在写作的不多，还容易错。It is time that some measures were taken.虽然能整句搬用，但是只能提出呼吁，不能解决段落层次的问题。

         如果会用虚拟语气，就能穿透段落层次，完成段落写作了。其中比较重要的结构就是 (It had not been for…, we could not have done, let alone do.)。这“招”我是从狄更斯师傅那里“偷”来的：

     《雾都孤儿》第八章中就写过这样的句子：In fact, it had not been for a good-hearted turnpike-man, and a benevolent old lady, Oliver’s troubles would have been shortened by the very same process which put an end to his mother’s; in other words, he would most assuredly have fallen dead upon the king’s highway。这个句子虽然很长，但它的主体结构其实就是个虚拟语气“it had not been for…, he could (not) have done”。如果考生觉得这个结构太复杂，还有个“简装版”的写法：But for…, we could(not)have done, let alone do something。

        考生如果想证明“信心”的重要性，不需要详细论述刘翔的生平、他如何艰苦训练、得过多少次冠军，只要写“如果不是有信心，刘翔原本不会获得冠军，更不用提打破世界纪录了”（Take Liu Xiang for an example,it had not been for self-confidence, he would not have won championships, let alone broken the world record.或者Liu Xiang is a case in point. But for self-confidence, he would not have won championships, let alone broken the world record.）。以人名和成就做内容、用虚拟语气串联句子，这种结构简直就是给考博写作“量身定做”的！

考生也可以换个方法，重复without…, 只要将刘翔的事迹叙述出来就可以了，如“如果不是有信心，刘翔本来不会获得冠军。如果不是有信心，他更不会打破世界纪录。” (Without confidence, Liuxiang cannot win championships. Similarly, without self-confidence, it is impossible for him to break the world record.)。

考生也可以使用一个叙述、一个反问的句式，如：With self-confidence, Liuxiang won several championships. However, without self-confidence, how can it be possible for him to break the world record?  

当然，考生也可以先正反排比，再用虚拟语气，例如：Self-confidence really matters. Take Yao Ming for example, with it, he joined the NBA. Conversely speaking, without self-confidence, how could it be possible for him to become one of the most outstanding basketball players in China? Another instance is Liuxiang: if it had not been for self-confidence, he would not have won several championships, let alone broken the world record. 

        不是怕雷同，又不愿意多背吗？那就得学选词造句，从基本功学起了。

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