1.       分词单独使用的问题：

（1）分词置于名词后作定语：分词 做后置定语，现在分词和被修饰名词是主动关系，过去分词与被修饰名词则是被动关系：

When the tank car carried (错) the poisonous gas ran off the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from all traffic.

（2）某些动词的现在分词和过去分词在用法上的区别：有些动词的分词形式可用作形容词，在句中起表语作用。但要注意现在分词的主语一般是表示事物的名词，而过去分词的主语一般为表示人的名词。这类分词的谓语动词除了be外，还有feel, seem等，而这类动词则有surprise, delight, puzzle, convince, shock, astonish, startle等。

His victory in the final was no more convinced (错) than I had expected.

 *关于主动和被动概念的两个问题:

①     有些动词只有用于主动,而不能用于被动.如have, exist, survive等.

A) Economic uncertainty, of course, is precisely why commodity future market is existed (错)

B) If it doesn’t rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are to be survived (错).

  ② 动词不定式的被动用法: 如果逻辑主语和动词不定式之间是被动关系,不定式应该用被动形式:

If you want your film to properly process (错), you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.

3. 副词修饰形容词: 形容词和用作形容词的现在分词或过去分词, 需要用副词来修饰, 决不能用形容词来修饰形容词.

   Man has used metals for centuries in gradual (错) increasing quantities, but it was not until the Industrial Revolution that they came to be employed in real vast quantities.

*关于副词需要重点注意的地方:

有些副词和其形容词拼法完全相同，但同时其形容词加上 –ly后还能构成含义不同的副词。使用时应对这类词不同副词形式的不同含义加以注意。这类副词通常有：

①high (抬高地、较高地，通常修饰实际高度)\highly (评价高、看法高)

②close和closely（两者都作“靠近地、密切地”来讲，但唯一区别在于closely既可置于动词之前，也可置于动词之后；而close只能置于动词之后来修饰动词）。例：

A)     Come close so that I can see you clearly.

B)      We are neighbors closely related like lips and teeth.

③just (刚才) \ justly（公正地、公平地）

④easy (轻松地、放松地，特殊副词，常用于take it easy, go easy, stand easy等短语)

   easily (轻易地、随便地，不费力地)

⑤hard (努力地、用功地，如work hard, study hard)\ hardly (难得、很少、几乎不)

⑥wide (副词意为“全部地、充分地、宽广地)\ widely (广泛地)

A)     He is widely known as a good doctor.

B)      He got up, walked across the room and with a sharp movement flung the door widely (错用部分) open.