作为一个领袖人物之所以能够在风云变幻的政治斗争中赢得人民的拥护,关键在于善于将自己的政治主张通过与民众的交流传达给他们。因此在美国这样的一个高度民主的国家,在任何重要历史关头,都会产生使他的国家发生重大变革的的领袖人物,他们都怀着对未来的美好憧憬,通过他们的演讲,来描绘对未来的“梦想”,宣示他们的政治主张。这些重要演说,对于推动美国的民主进程,对于推动美国的民权运动,都产生了极其重要的作用,至今仍可作为经典语录,影响和教育着美国民众。对于我们,通过重温这些经典演讲,或许也可以去触摸美国民主的脉络,或许也可以有所启迪。
(以下演讲摘录,节选自相关教材)
林肯
1863年11月19日葛底斯堡演讲节选:
——我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,但勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自已奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。
——The
world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget
what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated
to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead
we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the
last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new
birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the
people and for the people shall not perish from the
earth.
肯尼迪
1961年1月20日就职演说节选:
我们今天庆祝的并不是一次政党的胜利,而是一次自由的庆典;它象征着结束,也象征着开始;意味着更新,也意味着变革。因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前,作了跟我们祖先将近一又四分之三世纪以前所拟定的相同的庄严誓言。
We
observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom
-- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying
renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and
Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a
century and three-quarters ago.
因此让我们重新开始,双方都应记住,谦恭并非懦弱的征象,而诚意则永远须要验证。让我们永不因畏惧而谈判。但让我们永不要畏惧谈判。
So let us
begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign
of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never
negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
所以,同胞们:不要问你们的国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。
And
so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you;
ask what you can do for your country.
全世界的公民:不要问美国愿为你们做些什么,而应问我们在一起能为人类的自由做些什么。
My
fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you,
but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
马丁-路德-金
1963年8月23日在林肯纪念堂发表的著名演说《我有一个梦》节选:
我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折,我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。
And
so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I
still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American
dream.
我梦想有一天,这个国家将会奋起,实现其立国信条的真谛:“我们认为这些真理不证自明:人人生而平等。”
I
have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the
true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created equal."
我梦想有一天,在佐治亚州的红色山岗上,昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐,亲如手足。
I
have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of
former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to
sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
我梦想有一天,我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以肤色的深浅,而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
I have a
dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the
content of their character.
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天,幽谷上升,高山下降,坎坷曲折之路成坦途,圣光披露,满照人间。
I have a
dream today!
I have a
dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill
and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made
plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; “and the glory
of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it
together.”
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