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Chomsky的语言能力和语言使用各指什么？
(2006-11-20 16:10:42)| 分类： 语言学笔记 |
American linguist N. Chomsky in the late
1950’s proposed the distinction between competence and
performance. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s
knowledge of the rules of his language. This internalized set of
rules enables the language user to produce and understand an
infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that
are ungrammatical and ambiguous. According to Chomsky, performance
is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic
communication. Although the speaker’s knowledge of his mother
tongue is perfect, his performances may have mistakes because of
social and psychological factors such as stress, embarrassment,
etc.. Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the
competence, which is systematic, not the performance, which is too
haphazard.
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