加载中…
人类语言的甄别性特征是什么？
(2006-11-20 16:07:06)| 分类： 语言学笔记 |
1) Arbitrariness
。 It means that there is no logical connection
between meanings and sounds. For instance, there is no necessary
relationship between the word dog and the animal it refers to. The
fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in
different languages and that the same sound may be used to refer to
different objects is another good example. Although language is
arbitrary by nature, it is not entirely arbitrary. Some words, such
as the words created in the imitation of sounds by sounds are
motivated in a certain degree. The arbitrary nature of language
makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of
expressions.
2) Productivity 。Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of an infinitely large number of sentences, including those that they have never said or heard before.
3) Duality 。It means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds at the lower level and the other of meanings at the higher level. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of individual and meaningless sounds, which can be grouped into meaningful units at the higher level. This duality of structure or double articulation of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge.
4) Displacement 。It means that language can be used to talk about what happened in the past, what is happening now, or what will happen in the future. Language can also be used to talk about our real word experiences or the experiences in our imaginary world. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
5) Cultural transmission 。While we are born with the ability to acquire language, the details of any language are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned anew.
2) Productivity 。Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of an infinitely large number of sentences, including those that they have never said or heard before.
3) Duality 。It means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds at the lower level and the other of meanings at the higher level. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of individual and meaningless sounds, which can be grouped into meaningful units at the higher level. This duality of structure or double articulation of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge.
4) Displacement 。It means that language can be used to talk about what happened in the past, what is happening now, or what will happen in the future. Language can also be used to talk about our real word experiences or the experiences in our imaginary world. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
5) Cultural transmission 。While we are born with the ability to acquire language, the details of any language are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned anew.
喜欢
0
赠金笔
前一篇：新发型---老二的