2019年6月7日笔记：

Partisan. Adj. n.

Adj.党派的；效忠的；偏袒的；盲目推崇的

n. 游击队（员）；虔诚信徒；党羽.

He was rescued by some Italian partisans.

About this word, two points need to be paid attention to:

1, It’s pronunciation;

2, one meaning as “游击队员”。

Bullish; bearish; bull market; bear market;

Whistleblower 告发者、检举者、吹口哨的人；

Fig，无花果

We have lost innocence in the kindergarten, childhood in primary school, happiness in junior high school, thinking ability in senior high school, pursuit in college, major knowledge after graduation, aggressiveness in work, intellect in love, the rest of life due to mortgage, passion in the marriage, and true self when promoted to a management position.

 

It is truth universally acknowledged that a single man in the possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife. 凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。

It is unfair but irreversible that we can’t gain after every effort, but we must take effort for every gain.

It is unfair yet irreversible truth that not every effort is rewarded, but every reward requires effort.

 

汉译英基本步骤：

一、 合并原则

A.      并列关系；

Season come and go.

B.      目的关系；

C.      因果关系

D.      转折关系

E.       总分关系 分述可以用-ing体现

Americans have long snickered Latin America countries, calling them banana republics.

 

我们认识到改革是一场深刻的革命，涉及重大利益关系的调整，涉及各方面体制机制的完善We realized that reform is a profound revolution, involving the adjustment of significant beneficial connections, and the improvement of institutions and mechanisms in various fields.

 

二、 主干原则

三、 转序原则（modifier）

四、 转译原则

五、 时态原则-16种时态

六、 省略原则

英译汉基本步骤

一、 确定主干

二、 分析意群；

三、 切分意群；

四、 转译原则；

五、 明确词义；

六、 转序原则；

周四美国自1947年来首次落选联合国人权委员会，其中引人注意的一点是，这次是美国的盟友而非其敌人导致了这次失利。

 

The traditional supporters have been increasingly provoked American’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the reduction of emission.

从地雷使用到减排问题，美国常常无视国际共识，已让其传统支持者越来越感到不满。

 

无主句的翻译法：

一、 译为被动句。有宾语的。

中秋节晚上要吃月饼。

Moon cakes should be eaten on the night of the mid-autumn festival.

古时候用竹子盖房子、做家具、造船等。

In ancient times, bamboo is used to build houses, make furniture, and build ships.

The fish shouldn’t be eaten up at the New Year ’s Eve dinner, implying surplus year after year.

The red color shouldn’t be used in happy event, or else people would think it unlucky.

必须推进以德育为核心，以创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育。

The quality-oriented education should be promoted concentrating on moral education and the development of creativity and practical ability.

注意：此处有下划线部分的译法看似简单，其实比较巧妙。“以德育为核心，以创新精神和实践能力为重点”如果翻译成“concentrating on moral education and being focused on creativity and practical ability”则显得重复，因为“以…为核心”和“以…为重点”意思差不多。但是如果简单合并翻译为“concentrating on moral education, creativity and practical ability”，一方面改变了原文的逻辑结构，损失了“‘信’的要求”，另一方面在英语中moral education 和creativity，practical ability 并不严格对等，除非说“the education of moral, creativity and practical ability”.考虑了到education是个动作性的名词，所以引入另一个同义的动作性名词development，最终译法既保证了并列关系的对等性，又保持原文的逻辑结构，处理得非常成熟！

二、 增添主语

China，we, you, one…

旅游文字用YOU。

在西安可以参观秦朝的陵墓和兵马俑。

You can visit Qin Dynasty tombs and terra cotta army/warriors in Xi’an.

试比较Qin Dynasty tombs and terra cotta army/warriors can be visited in Xi’an.

必须给自然留下更多修复空间，给农民留下更多良田，给子孙后代留下天蓝、地绿、水净的美好家园。

We should leave more space for nature to renew, keep more farmland for farmers, and leave to our future generations a beautiful homeland with blue sky, green field, and clean water.

试比较：

More space should be left for nature to achieve self-renewal; more fertile farmland should be kept for farmers to cultivate; to our future generations, a beautiful homeland should be left with blue sky, green fields, and clean water.

其实也可以，也许在演讲文章里更适用。

古语俗语加one，he.

三，译为复合结构

Pay attention to;

Make use of;

Make efforts to;

Lay emphasis on;

Attach importance to

Give priority to (sth./doing sth.)

 

Proper use should be made of the country’s forest resources.

Efforts should be made to stop the deterioration of environment, and improve it significantly.

 

四、特殊句型。

1，存在句 There +be+…结构

中国流传着这样的谚语：“天上九头鸟，地上湖北佬”

In China, there is a saying: “In the sky there are birds with 9 heads, while on the earth there are smart guys from Hubei province.”

2，形式主语：It is necessary/important/essential…等

3，祈使句

4，倒装句

池塘的水上铺设着蜿蜒的小桥。

Over the water of the pond is paved a winding bridge.

It was Father’s Day yesterday. I watched a sensational short movie.

煽情的：sensational; sentimental; moving; emotional; sad; touching

I watched a sensational short movie yesterday, on the Father’s Day.