摘要Abstract

本文的目的在于梳理和探讨了新批评的语义分析如何进入20世纪30、40年代的现代大学这一特定的历史时间和历史空间中，在中国诗论中转化，如何影响了中国古典诗歌的以及现代诗歌的批评和阅读。This paper is intended to analyze and discuss three points: how the semantic analysis of the new criticism was introduced to universities in China in 1930s and 1940s; how it was transformed in the context of Chinese traditional poetics; and how it influenced the criticism and reading on Chinese classical poetry and modern poetry.

语义分析之对中国新诗产生影响，现代文学研究的学者早有公论，然而如何影响学院中的文学研究和教学，尤其是古典文学的现代阐释，尚无人述及。新批评的语义分析的传播主要集中在学院中，和学院的研究与教育关系密切，故本文作者的考察范围集中在三四十年代的现代大学上，主要是当时学术研究的集中地燕京大学、清华大学、西南联大。本文还原三十年代的文学历史现场，发现了新批评之语义分析在三四十年代的报刊、杂志、出版物以及各个学人的文集、随笔、日记中的传播线索，对语义分析的译介做了一个较为完备的综述，并试图从宏观上论证：新批评的译介、理论和批评实践，印刷媒体和出版物，学院的知识传承，这三者的结合，使得一个新批评的传播网络得以构架。It has been widely acknowledged among scholars of modern literature that the semantic analysis of new criticism has impact upon modern poetry of China. However, until present time there is no effort made to expound how the semantic analysis had exerted its influence on research and teaching of literature in universities, especially on modern interpretation of classical literature. Semantic analysis of the new criticism was mainly introduced into universities, hence its close connection with collegiate research and education, and therefore the author decide to limit her investigation scope to Chinese universities in 1930s and 1940s, such as Yanjing University, Tsinghua University and The Southwestern Union University, which were the academic focuses at that time. This paper tries to restore the literature scenario in 1930s, find the dissemination clue of the semantic analysis in newspapers, magazines, publications as well as books, essays and journals by eminent scholars in 1930s and 1930s, and make a relatively comprehensive description of the introduction of semantic analysis of the new criticism into China. Besides, the paper takes a macro approach to prove that what contributed to the construction of dissemination networks of new criticism is the combination of three factors: the translation, introduction, theoretical and critical practices of new criticism, the publicity provided by media and publications, and the knowledge transmission in universities.

在微观的内部研究上，以古典诗歌的阅读作为着重分析的个案，其中又以朱自清、浦江清、吴世昌等人对古典诗歌的批评实践为中心，考察语义分析如何以古典文学作为媒介，在诗歌阅读的内部的转化过程。指出他们的贡献在于把散见在具体诗论中的诗学萌芽加以提炼，使得诗学批评中的宏观审视和微观剖析相互结合，生成一种具有一定普遍意义的微观诗学的批评准则，完成了阅读理论从传统到现代的转换。而后又分析了李广田、袁可嘉的诗歌理论和批评实践，揭示了语义分析同时也贯穿于新诗的创作理论和批评理论中。With regard to the micro internal research, the author takes the reading of classical poetry as the research focus, and the emphasis is especially put on the criticizing practices on classical poetry by Zhu Ziqing, Pu Jiangqing and Wu Shichang to study how the semantic analysis is transformed internally in poetry reading with classical poetry as the medium. The paper concludes that the accomplishment of those scholars lies in their extraction of poetic views scattered in discrete works of poetry criticism, so the macro perspective is integrated with micro analysis in poetic criticism, and a criticism criterion of some universal significance for micro poetics is generated. By this way, the reading theory evolved from its traditional form to modern form. After that, by analyzing the poetic theories and criticism practices of Li Guangtian and Yuan Kejia, the paper indicates that semantic analysis also had a persistent presence in the creation and criticism theories of modern poetry.

有鉴于此，本文深入地，可以说是第一次对新批评的语义学在中国30、40年代的传播做了梳理， 阐明了语义分析在中国诗歌阅读中尤其是在古典诗歌阅读中的转化，开创了一个具有学术眼光的研究视野。As stated above, this paper provides a profound and, as can be claimed in its own right, unprecedented analysis on dissemination of semantic theory of the new criticism in China in 1930s and 1940s, describes the transformation of semantic analysis in Chinese poetry reading, especially classical poetry reading, and so bring forth a new horizon for academic research.

关键词：新批评，语义分析，传播，转化，古典诗歌阅读，批评实践
Key words: new criticism, semantic analysis, dissemination, transformation, classical poetry reading, critical practices