唐静 考研阅读逐句译2000年第5篇第1句If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.

词汇：（从今天开始，词汇按照牛津双解的方式进行，我也主要摘录自牛津双解，为了区别，用红色标注要解释的词汇）

ambition //n. ~ (to be/do sth)

1 (a) [U, C] strong desire to achieve sth 雄心，野心，志气，抱负，志向

    *filled with ambition to become famous, rich, powerful, etc 立志要成名, 发财, 有权势等

     (b) [C] particular desire of this kind 雄心，野心，志气，抱负，志向

    *have great ambitions 有远大的志向

    2 [C] object of this desire 目标，夙愿

*achieve/realize/fulfil one's ambitions 达到目标[实现抱负/得偿夙愿]

distinction //n.

    1 [C, U] ~ (between A and B ) difference or contrast between one person or thing and another 差别，对比

    *He drew a quite artificial distinction between men and women readers. 他把男读者和女读者硬是人为地区分开来。

    2 (fml 文)

    (a) [U] separation of things or people into different groups according to quality, grade, etc （事物或人按其质量、品质、等级等的）区分

    *without distinction (ie regardless) of rank 不分级别

    (b) [C] detail that separates in this way （按此方式划分的）类别, 等级

    *distinctions of birth and wealth 按出身和财富划分的类别.

    3 [C] mark of honour; title, decoration, etc 荣誉的标志; 荣衔、勋章等

    *an academic distinction, eg a doctor's degree 学术上的荣衔（如博士学位）

    * win a distinction for bravery 因表现英勇而获得勋章.

    4 [U] quality of being excellent or distinguished 优秀; 卓越

    *a writer, novel, work of distinction 优秀的作家、小说、作品

* She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. 她卓尔不群, 因为她是第一个横渡英吉利海峡的女子。

destiny //n.

    1 [U] power believed to control events 命运

    *Destiny drew us together. 命运把我们连在一起了。

    2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth (thought to be decided beforehand by fate) 定数，天命

    *It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. 他注定要客死异国。

* events which shaped his destiny 决定他命运的事件。

deem //v.

    v [Tf, Tnt esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Cn.a esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Cn.n] (fml 文) consider; regard 认为，视为

    *He deemed that it was his duty to help. 他认为他有责任加以援助。

    * She was deemed (to be) the winner. 人们认为是她获胜。

    * It is deemed advisable. 这认为是可取的。

* I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you. 要我向诸位讲几句话, 我觉得非常荣幸。

behalf //n.

     (idm 习语) on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; (US) in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb 做某人的代表或代言人，为某人之利益

    *On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意。

    * Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在场, 所以我代表他领奖。

    * The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child. 法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益。

    * Don't be uneasy on my behalf, ie about me. 不要为我担心。

结构：

If ambition is to be well regarded,（if引导的条件状语从句） //the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—（主句的主语及其破折号中的同位语）//must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices （主句的谓语）//made on ambition’s behalf（过去分词短语作定语）.

译文：

如果正确看待雄心壮志，那么它带来的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则应该被认为是值得为之付出牺牲的。

翻译思路：宏观阅读能力——skimming

    快速阅读的基本方法是skimming和scanning。skimming（略读，跳读）就是为了获取文章的大意。那最简单的“略读”方式就是1）看文章的首段、末段、每一段的首句或者末句；还有时候可以2）适当注意每一段内“表转折和表因果的词汇”。那请大家使用这种略读的方式读一下整个文章，并回答：作者是否在鼓励人们应该有雄心壮志呢？并简述你得出结论的原因。