23年1月26日、禮拜四

〖記事〗今日，困。

〖讀書〗讀《加爾文與現代政治底基礎》。

〖探究〗

一、（補在逆承、順承後）【補先行詞與定語從句分隔譯例】皆爲限定性從句，可加逆承標誌「則」或「固」

[He] laughs best (who laughs last).「[人]笑淂好，(其[固]笑在最後)。」

[The time] has come (when common people can use e-mail to communicate with each other).「(郍時代)已經來臨，(該時[則]普通人能用電郵互相交流)。」

[She] went there (who was accompanied by her daughter).「[伊]曾去那裏，(其[固]由其女兒陪同)。」

Rose was the only [girl] at school (whom Mary made friends with).「羅絲是唯一的[女孩]在校者，(其[則]瑪麗所與交友)。」

I know the [woman] in blue (who was talking with our monitor).「我認識郍[女人]穿藍衣服底，(其[則]曾與我們底班長談話)。」

I'll have my [watch] repaired tomorrow (which is made in Swiss).「我明日要把我底[錶]修理，(其[固]是瑞士產底)。」

一、（補在補限定性定語從句vs非限定性定語從句對譯處）修訂：若依傳統中文，限定性定語用前飾，非限定性便另譯一句。按本方案，既取關係詞法，皆整合爲一句，則用後飾同英語，並注意邊界標誌底使用。

He has a [daughter] (who) is at school.「渠有一[女兒](之)現正上學者。」=「渠有一現正上學(之)[女兒]。」（限定性，謂或有其他女兒）

He has a [daughter], (who) is at school.「渠有一[女兒]，(其)現正上學。」=「渠有一[女兒]。(伊)現正上學。」（非限定性，謂只有一個女兒）

He wears a red [shirt] (which) makes him like a girl.「渠穿一紅的[襯衫]，(其)令渠像一女孩。」=「渠穿一紅的令渠像一女孩(之)[襯衫]。」（限定性，先行詞爲shirt）

[He wears a red shirt], (which) makes him like a girl.「[渠穿一紅的襯衫]，(斯)令渠像一女孩。」=「[渠穿一紅的襯衫。](這樣)令渠像一女孩。」（非限定性，說明主句）

This/That is the [book] (which/that) I bought yesterday.「這是郍[書](其/之)我昨日所買者。」=「這是郍我昨日所買(之)[書]。」（限定性，「其」字可兼用於限定性與非限定性）

I like the [book], (which) I bought yesterday.「我喜歡郍[書]，(其)我昨日所買者。」=「我喜歡郍[書]。我昨日買了(它)。」（非限定性）

Do you know [Tom] (-) we talked about?「你知道[湯姆](-)我們所談論過底嗎？」=「你知道我們所談論過底[湯姆]嗎？」（限定性，關係詞作從句賓語時注意用「所」字）

Do you know [Tom], (whom) we talked about?「你知道[湯姆]嗎，(就是)我們所談論過底？」=「你知道[湯姆]嗎？我們談論過(渠)。」（非限定性，注意語氣詞「嗎」字位置）

[She has to work on Sundays], (which) she doesn't like.「[伊要工作在週日]，(斯)伊所不喜歡者。」=「[伊要工作在週日]。伊不喜歡(這樣)。」（指代主句）

一、（補在介詞+關係代詞後）「of+whom/which」可表數量，亦直譯之。例如：Both players, (neither of whom) reached the final, played well.「兩枚運動員，(其兩者無一)到達終點者，皆曾表現淂狠好。」The treasure, (some of which) has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.「郍寶藏，(其有些)失而復得，已被送往大英博物館。」

一、（補在關係詞「斯」後）在非限定性定語從句中，which有時當this/that講，亦代指整個句子，仍譯作「斯」。例如：[The speaker paused to examine his notes], (at which point) a loud crash was heard.「[郍演講者停下了，厺查閱渠底筆記]，(在斯時)一聲巨響被聽到。」[I may have to work late], (in which case) I'll phone.「[我或許要晚下班]，(斯情形下)我會打電話。」

一、（補在鍛鍊後）狀語變爲定語：(If he does not look forward), he will find himself behind.「(如若人不向前)，渠將發現自己落後。」→He ([who] looks not forward) finds himself behind.「人([而]不向前者)將發現自己落後。」Dr. Bethune set to work at once (though he was very tired on his arrival).「白求恩大夫立刻開始工作勒，(雖然渠到達時狠累)。」→Dr. Bethune, ([who] was very tired on his arrival), set to work at once.「白求恩大夫，([其]到達時狠累)，乃立刻開始工作勒。」