从支配性男性气概的改造到促进男性参与
方 刚[1]
北京林业大学人文社会科学学院，北京 100083
摘要
社会性别领域中的男性研究在中国大陆仍然几乎是空白，本文从男性研究角度思考社会性别问题。在推进社会性别平等的过程中，男性自身参与的愿望仍然非常不够。笔者提出应该从制度和个人两方面鼓励男性参与，在个人这一方面应该从鼓励男性改变支配性男性气概做起。男性气概是多样的，支配性男性气概是可以被改造的，改造支配性男性气概将在个人层面上直接促成男性参与。笔者提出“男性觉悟”、“男性解放”、“男性觉悟二重性”等概念，主张应该唤起男性觉悟到传统的支配性男性气概对男人和女人的共同伤害，使得男性积极主动地颠覆支配性男性气概，进而同女人携手推进性别平等。但这种觉悟与解放应该同时认识到父权文化和体制对女性的压迫比对男性的压迫更重，才能保证其对两性平等的推进。作者并以生殖健康领域为例，说明支配性男性气概的改变将如何影响到男性在生殖健康领域的积极参与。
关键词
男性气概，男性参与，男性觉悟，男性解放
From Reconstructing Masculinities to Promoting
Male Participation
Fang Gang
(School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry
University, Beijing ,100083, China)
Abstract
During the process of advancing the social gender equality, males
themselves’ participating desire is still inadequate. This paper
puts forward that the male participation should be encouraged both
with rules and regulations and with individual methods.
Individually, it should start with encouraging males to change
hegemonic masculinities. There exist multiple masculinities; and
hegemonic masculinities can be reconstructed. At individual level,
reconstructing hegemonic masculinities will directly help to bring
about male participation. This paper puts forward such concepts as
“male consciousness”, “male emancipation”, “duality of Male
consciousness” and so on. It is claimed here that males should be
called to be conscious of the harms conventional hegemonic
masculinities done to both males and females. Thus males may
actively overturn hegemonic masculinity on their own initiative,
and further advance gender equality with woman. While, only when
such consciousness and emancipation be based on the awareness of
the fact that, under patriarchal culture and system, females bear
greater oppression can the advance of gender equality be
guaranteed. Besides, this paper takes the reproduction health field
as an example to demonstrate how reconstruction of hegemonic
masculinities influences active male participation.
Key Words
Masculinities, Male Participation, Male
Consciousness, Male Emancipation
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