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"Fortunately, my wife has a daughter in the countryside, and she will die at birth, otherwise it will be a burden". This is recorded in Memoirs of Refugees. In October, when a baby is born, the birth of a life is usually a happy thing for a family, but why is the author "glad" that a small life has disappeared? Recently, Memoirs of Refugees was released for the first time, adding new historical evidence to the Nanjing Massacre. It is reported that the manuscript, nearly 20000 words, records the exile of the author Wu Yanqiu's family from August 15, 1937 to March 24, 1938 in the form of a diary. It can be said that every word is extremely important and belongs to an earlier first-hand material in the historical materials of the Nanjing Massacre.

You should know that in addition to various official documents, most of the public diaries or memoirs about the Nanjing Massacre were written by third-party observers, such as missionaries who came to Nanjing. However, oral history is more common in the records of domestic witnesses. Because of the long distance from historical events, the details of the truth are often blurred with the passage of time. In this case, Wu Yanqiu, as a witness of the Nanjing Massacre, wrote Memoirs of Refugees, which is of great value. As Huang Jing, the curator of the Library of the School of Liberal Arts of Nanjing University, said in an interview, "In the past 85 years, when the historical event of the 'Nanjing Massacre' has passed, and the memory of less than 100 survivors in the world has been blurred, and the oral history of survivors has been exhausted, the discovery of this booklet is particularly important, and the Tokyo trial will have another late testimony." In the winter of 2021, Huang Jing accidentally found this thin, threadbound book in the library. The cover of the oil paper was in three columns of handwriting, from left to right: Memoirs of Refugees, The Wild Goose Autumn Annals, and August 27 of the Republic of China. In this regard, the escape history of Nanjing Massacre witnesses shakes off the dust of time. As Huang Jing's research results were published in the October 2022 edition of Literary Studies, the Memoirs of Refugees became known to the world. The details of history are often more powerful. Although it has been many years since, when reading the details in Memoirs of Refugees, it will still make people indignant. The scenes described between the lines were quickly skipped in front of us like a movie, which made us unable to calm down and relax for a long time.

"My mother told me that the day after you crossed the river, you were watching at your gate. Nanjing fell, and Japanese soldiers went door to door to check. When they entered the gate, a soldier could not communicate because of the estrangement of words. After drinking, he held a bayonet to ask me for money. I used my hand to show that I had no money. The soldier pushed me hard in anger and pushed me to the ground, which was dangerous. It was not long before the door and the wall (wall) were opposite They were stabbed to death by the soldier with a bayonet one after another. At that time, the two were bleeding like a torrent of blood. Their corpses had been lying on the ground for many days and were collected and buried by local people. The Japanese soldiers are fierce, vicious and hot, and their experience is awesome. " "The houses on both sides of the road were damaged, and no one was intact. The dead bodies were stacked in the fields, lying or lying on their backs, getting dark and red, and the dogs were fighting for food." The manuscript deeply records the helplessness and pain of complex human nature and morality under the devastation of war. Therefore, we can understand why the author wrote such a sentence as "Fortunately, my wife has a daughter in the countryside, and she will die as soon as she is born, otherwise she will be burdensome". When we restart that dusty memory, we can't help crying. Yes, it has been 85 years since the Nanjing Massacre took place. Most of those who are reading this article have never fled in despair, have never seen the city of Nanjing as a hell on earth, have never heard the wailing near their ears, and have never struggled with gunfire, dust and starvation, I can't feel how bloody and cruel it is that "the river is red, and all the rivers and ditches inside and outside the city are full of corpses". The first publication of the rare "Memoirs of Refugees" just reminds us that the history full of blood and tears has been permanently frozen by time. Even if the wound has healed, the deep scar will remain forever. Not long ago, a sad news came. On December 5, Xiang Yuansong, a survivor of the Nanjing Massacre, died, which means that there are only 54 living survivors registered at present. 1756, which is the number of survivors on the list when the Nanjing Massacre survivors were first counted in 1987. From 1756 to 54, 35 years later, when a "witness of history" became history itself, the memories about them and about our national scars will not disappear in our memory as time goes by. And the 300000 we know well is not a cold number, it is the lives of our compatriots, a profound disaster for the country and the nation, and a painful history that needs to be remembered forever.

With the passage of time, people living in peaceful times have been difficult to perceive the pain experienced by our predecessors. So, what does the Nanjing Massacre really have to do with us today? On the Internet, a comment was liked by many people. There is a paragraph that reads as follows: "Macroscopic narration and lyricism do not give people a deep sense of pain, but the stories about individuals are really shocking. Although they are subtle and plain, they can be understood and perceived. I believe that everyone has a kind of kindness that sympathizes with suffering in his heart. When he sighs and tears for others, we also pity our own vulnerability. The common feeling of this kind reminds us that we are not alone, which is a relief to the victims It is also a relief to oneself. I think that maybe many people like me, if the Nanjing Massacre is just like a chalk painting that can be easily erased, it is just because they have not had the opportunity to understand those stories. " Yes, sometimes we need to deeply understand the stories of those survivors to have a personal feeling and understand what the cruel history of the Nanjing Massacre means to the Chinese people. Xia Shuqin, before the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, a family of nine rented a house at No. 5, the new intersection in the south of the city. On the morning of December 13, 1937, a group of about 30 Japanese soldiers broke into their home. Xia Shuqin, 8, was stabbed three times in the back by Japanese soldiers with bayonets and passed out. Later, Xia Shuqin woke up in the crying of her 4-year-old sister, leaving only the corpses on the ground beside her. Xia Shuqin and her sister, who survived luckily, lived with their relatives' corpses for 14 days before they were "picked up" from the dead. Xia Shuqin, who narrowly escaped death, also became the most powerful witness of that tragic history.

Half a century later, Xia Shuqin, an old man, told a girl from the United States about the tragedy of No. 5 at the new intersection again. The girl's name is Zhang Chunru, an American Chinese writer. After accidentally seeing the historical photos of the Nanjing Massacre, she decided to take it as her responsibility to record the Nanjing Massacre. Because writing has to face the bleak life, Zhang Chunru often shivers with anger, sleeplessness and dreams, weight loss and hair loss. However, in order to restore the historical truth, she withstood the enormous pressure and wrote down the torture of beheading, burning alive, burying alive, drowning in the cesspool, heart digging, and corpse splitting word by word. After the book was completed, she soon encountered retaliation and harassment from the Japanese right-wing forces. Unable to bear the heavy burden, she suffered from depression. In 2004, Zhang Chunru, 36, chose to commit suicide. At this time, her works have deeply engraved the hard evidence of the Nanjing Massacre into the memory of people all over the world.

Mr. Lu Xun once said, "The endless distance and countless people are all related to me." "What does the Nanjing Massacre have to do with me?" Zhang Chunru spent his whole life answering. However, today, when historical nihilism is spreading, some people face the history of Nanjing Massacre with indifference and banter. The frequent occurrence of the national trauma event is mocking the historical view of the society. From Yanziji in Nanjing, wearing a Japanese samurai uniform and holding a wooden samurai sword, to Chen, a netizen, who intentionally insulted the victims of the Nanjing Massacre in order to attract attention, to this year's commemoration of Japanese war criminals in Xuanzang Temple in Nanjing... "When the past no longer illuminates the future, people will wander in the dark", the mirror of history reflects people's attitudes towards the past and towards themselves, I also saw the world and people behind the noise. President Xi Jinping pointed out: "History and reality show that a nation that has abandoned or betrayed its own history and culture is not only impossible to develop, but also likely to stage a historical tragedy." The Nanjing Massacre is the pain of Nanjing, the pain of the Chinese nation and the disaster of all mankind. History needs to be feared, right and wrong should be clearly defined, and war criminals must be spurned. The survivors of the Nanjing Massacre and their oral testimony, as well as the bell ringing when the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre is opened every day, remind us that living in a peaceful era does not mean that we can forget history, and forgetting the Holocaust is "the second massacre". Never forget the past and learn from the future. Today's Nanjing Xinjiekou is prosperous, but it was once a purgatory on earth; Today, the Chinese nation is on the road of great rejuvenation, but this land was once full of bones and scars under the guns of other nationalities. 85 years later, we still can't forget the bloody cold winter, the white bones in the "mass graves", and the monstrous crimes that the Japanese invaders regard killing as a game of "killing a hundred people". That memory will not diminish with the passing of light at any time, but will become clearer and thicker through the baptism and accumulation of years. And we defend that history and remember that history, not to continue hatred, but more importantly to remember the pain of this bloody memory, and transform this memory into the power of national progress, which will remain in our hearts forever.

The world is not peaceful, and peace needs to be safeguarded. September 3 this year marks the 77th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti Fascist War. On that day, PLA, a promotional film on the international image network of the Chinese military, was released. In the video, the PLA sticks to their posts, the urban streets are prosperous, and the people are happy and healthy. The two scenes switch back and forth, which is very shocking. At the end of the video, it gradually appears that "PLA Peace Loving Army", born for the people and fighting for Peace, is the international responsibility of a large military. Fortunately, there is a strong army guarding our security. The national public memorial ceremony is held every year to express the national sacrifice, historical pain and people's wishes. It is a firm stand of the Chinese people to remember history, remember the past, cherish peace and create the future.

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“所幸內人在鄉間產生一女，出世即亡，否則多一累贅”。 這是《難民回憶錄》中的記載。 懷胎十月，一朝分娩，一個生命的誕生通常對於一個家庭來說是件幸福的事，可為何作者卻在“慶倖”一個小生命的消失？ 近日，《難民回憶錄》首度公開，為南京大屠殺再添史料新證。 據介紹，該手稿近2萬字，以日記的形式記載了1937年8月15日至1938年3月24日期間，作者吳雁秋一家人流亡的經過，可謂字字千鈞，屬於南京大屠殺史料中較早的一份一手資料。

要知道，現時關於南京大屠殺的早期文獻，除了各種公文，民間以往公開的日記或回憶錄大多是協力廠商觀察者所寫，如來南京的傳教士等。 而本國親歷者記錄中較常見的又以口述史居多，因與歷史事件相隔久遠，其真相細節往往會隨著歲月的流逝而模糊。 在此情况下，吳雁秋作為南京大屠殺的親歷者，其撰寫的《難民回憶錄》，文獻價值自然不言而喻。 正如南京大學文學院圖書館館長黃靜在採訪中所說，“在‘南京大屠殺’這個歷史事件過去近85年之際，在留存世上的倖存者不足百人、一代人的記憶都已模糊的今天，倖存者的口述史業已窮盡之時，這本册子的發現顯得尤為重要，東京審判又將多一份遲到的證詞。” 2021年冬，黃靜在圖書館偶然間發現了這本薄薄的線裝册子，油紙封面端端正正三列手寫體，從左至右分別是：難民回憶錄、雁秋記、民國廿七年八月立。 就此，一部南京大屠殺親歷者的逃難史抖落時光塵埃。 隨著黃靜對其的研究成果發表在2022年10月版的《文學研究》上，這才讓《難民回憶錄》被世人所知。 歷史的細節往往更具衝擊力。 儘管時隔多年，但讀到《難民回憶錄》中的細節時，還是會令人憤慨萬分。 那些字裡行間所描寫的場景如電影般快速在眼前跳過，讓人心情久久無法平靜和釋懷。

“母告我汝等過江之翌日，在汝處看門，南京陷落，日兵挨戶檢查，進門時有一兵因言語隔閡無法傳達，該兵酒後手持刺刀向我索錢，我用手表示身上沒有錢，該兵氣忿之下用力一推，將我推倒地下，險遭非命。未逾片時對門與隔璧（壁） 被該兵用刺刀接連戳死，兩人當時血流如注，屍身橫倒地下已多日，經地方人收殮抬埋。 日兵兇惡毒辣，言之歷歷可畏。” “所見公路兩旁房屋破壞，無一完整，田間死屍壘壘，或臥或仰，曬得黑而發赤，群犬爭食。” 手稿深刻地記錄了複雜人性和道德在戰爭摧殘下的無奈與痛楚。 囙此，我們也就明白了為何作者會寫出“所幸內人在鄉間產生一女，出世即亡，否則多一累贅”這樣的語句。 當我們重啓那段塵封的記憶，不由得痛惜落淚。 是啊，距離南京大屠殺慘案發生已經有85年了，正在閱讀這篇文章的人，絕大部分沒有在絕望中逃亡過，沒有親眼見過淪為人間地獄的南京城是什麼樣子，沒有聽到過近在耳畔的悲鳴，沒有在炮火、塵土和饑餒中掙扎過， 無法感受“江邊流水盡為之赤，城內外所有河渠、溝壑無不填滿屍體”是怎樣的血腥與殘忍。 珍本《難民回憶錄》的首度公開恰恰在提醒著我們，那段充滿血與淚的歷史已經被時間永久定格，就算傷口已經癒合，但那道深深的疤痕將會永遠留下。 二就在前不久，一個令人痛心的消息傳來。 12月5日，南京大屠殺倖存者向遠松老人逝世，這意味著現時登記在册的在世倖存者僅剩54比特。 1756，這是1987年首次對南京大屠殺倖存者進行統計時，在册在世的倖存者人數。 從1756减少到54，35年間，當一比特比特“歷史的見證者”成為了歷史本身，那段有關他們的記憶，有關於我們民族傷痕的記憶並不會隨著時間長河的沖刷而消失於我們的記憶中。 而我們熟知的300000，也不是個冰冷的數位，它是同胞們曾經鮮活的生命，是國家和民族深重的災難，也是一段需要永久銘記的苦難歷史。

隨著時間的流逝，生活在和平年代的人們，已經很難感知我們的前輩所經歷的痛楚。 那麼，南京大屠殺到底與今天的我們有什麼關係？ 網上，有一條評論被很多人點贊。 其中有段話是這樣寫的： “宏觀敘述和抒情並不給人切膚之痛，真正具有震撼力的是那些關於個人的故事，雖然細微平實，卻可以被理解，被感知。我相信每個人在內心深處都有一種對苦難感同身受的善良，在為他人歎息和流淚的時候，我們也在憐憫自己身為人的脆弱。這種情感的共通提示我們並不孤獨，這是對受難者的寬慰 ，也是對自己的寬慰。 我想，可能很多人和我一樣，如果南京大屠殺在心上只如粉筆作畫、可以輕易擦去，那只是因為還沒有機會瞭解那些故事。” 是的，有時候我們需要深入去瞭解那些倖存者的故事，才能產生切身的感受，明白南京大屠殺那段殘酷的歷史對於中國人來說意味著什麼。 夏淑琴，日軍進攻南京前，一家九口人租住在城南新路口5號的房子裏。 1937年12月13日上午，一隊約30人的日本兵闖入家中，8歲的夏淑琴，被日本兵用刺刀在背後刺了三刀，昏死過去。 後來，夏淑琴在4歲妹妹的哭聲中醒來，身邊只留下一地的屍體。 僥倖存活的夏淑琴和妹妹，與親人的屍體一同生活了14天，才被人從死人堆裏“撿”出來。 而死裡逃生的夏淑琴也成為了那段悲慘歷史最有力的見證人。

半個世紀後，已經是一位老人的夏淑琴，向一比特從美國來的靚女，再次講起了新路口5號的慘劇。 靚女名叫張純如，美籍華人作家，偶然看到南京大屠殺的歷史照片後，她决定將記錄南京大屠殺作為自己的責任。 因為寫作要直面那慘澹的人生，張純如經常氣得發抖、失眠多夢、體重減輕、頭髮掉落。 但為了還原歷史真相，她頂住了巨大的壓力，把那些砍頭、活焚、活埋、在糞池中溺淹、挖心、分屍等酷刑，一字一句地寫了出來。 成書後，她很快就遭遇日本右翼勢力的報復和騷擾。 不堪重負下，她患上了抑鬱症，2004年，年僅36歲的張純如選擇了自殺。 此時她的作品已經將南京大屠殺的鐵證深深地刻進了全世界人類的記憶中。

魯迅先生曾說：“無窮的遠方，無數的人們，都和我有關。” “南京大屠殺和我有什麼關係？” 張純如用一生作出了回答。 然而，在歷史虛無主義沉渣泛起的今天，也有一些人以冷漠和戲謔的態度面對南京大屠殺歷史。 戲謔民族傷痕事件的頻頻發生，拷問著社會的歷史觀。 從南京燕子磯身著日本武士服、手舉木質武士刀擺拍，到線民陳某為博取關注，故意發佈侮辱南京大屠殺死難者言論，再到今年南京玄奘寺供奉侵華日軍戰犯牌位事件……“當過去不再照亮未來，人心將在黑暗中徘徊”，歷史這面鏡子映照著人們認知過去、對待自我的態度， 也照見了喧囂背後的世道與人心。 三習主席指出：“歷史和現實都表明，一個拋弃了或者背叛了自己歷史文化的民族，不僅不可能發展起來，而且很可能上演一場歷史悲劇。” 南京大屠殺，是南京之痛，是中華民族之痛，也是全人類的災難。 歷史需要敬畏、是非應該分明、戰犯必須唾弃。 南京大屠殺倖存者和他們的口述證言、侵華日軍南京大屠殺遇難同胞紀念館每天開館時的鐘聲，都在警示我們：生活在一個和平的年代不意味著我們就可以淡忘歷史，忘記大屠殺就是“二次屠殺”。 前事不忘，後事之師。 今天的南京新街口一片繁華，但這裡也曾淪為人間煉獄； 今天的中華民族走在偉大復興之路上，但這片國土也曾經在异族的槍炮下遍地屍骨、滿目瘡痍。 85年過去了，我們依舊忘不了那個血色彌漫的凜冬，忘不了“萬人坑”中的累累白骨，忘不了侵華日軍將殺人視為“百人斬”遊戲的滔天罪行。 那段記憶不會隨時光的流逝而消减，反而經過歲月長河的洗禮和積澱，愈加清晰與厚重。 而我們捍衛那段歷史，銘記那段歷史，不是為了延續仇恨，更重要的是記住這份血淚記憶的傷痛，將這份記憶轉化成民族前進的力量，永駐心田。

天下並不太平，和平需要保衛。 今年9月3日，是中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利77周年紀念日。 這一天，中國軍隊國際形象網宣片《PLA》發佈。 視頻中革命军堅守崗位，都市街道繁華，群眾幸福安康，兩種場景來回切換，十分震撼。 視頻結尾處，漸漸顯現“PLA Peace Loving Army（和平之師）”，為人民而生，為和平而戰，這是一支大國軍隊的國際擔當。 很慶倖，有一支强大的軍隊在守護著我們的安全。 每年舉行國家公祭儀式，表達的是一種國之祭、史之痛、民之願。 宣示的是中國人民牢記歷史，不忘過去，珍愛和平，開創未來的堅定立場。